以柔克刚，小航空公司的软文化营销

从垄断到全面竞争,顶着全行业结构性亏损的重压,各航空公司在“高空跳机”后势必加紧抢夺消费者。然而,消费者不再是过去的消费者,对各大航空公司从票价到服务态度、从餐点到空姐制服,货比三家、逐一挑剔。千佛一面的营销模式再难打动“上帝”的芳心,寻找新的营销支点来撬开市场势在必行。     

Strategy choices among internationalizing US airlines

This paper surveys and analyzes the internationalization strategy of US airlines. We first discuss globalization factors acting on the industry, particularly, government actions, the emergence of international markets, competition (including the role of firm specific assets in conferring competitive advantage), and supply cost factors, principally labor, fuel, and aircraft procurement. We then discuss the gains from internationalization, and the recent performance of US airlines, from which we develop internationalization strategy guidelines for airlines, classified as market-oriented and efficiency-oriented. Finally, we trace some broad lessons from the aviation industry for other service sectors facing similar deregulation and globalization pressures.     

Hard globalization

Many companies aspire to be players in the global marketplace, but the challenges to succeed are now greater than ever. Steve Tappin and Andrew Cave spoke with the CEOs of strongly globalized companies to learn their secrets.     

Cable Television Rate Deregulation

In the 1984 Cable Communications Policy Act, cable television operators were effectively freed from rate regulation, and subsequently enjoyed monopoly franchise protection with free market pricing. In 1992, however, reregulation of basic cable service rates was established in the Cable Consumer Protection and Competition Act. The argument for reimposing regulation was that a substantial increase in basic cable rates had occurred post–deregulation. Yet the efficacy of rate controls upon an industry which has substantial freedom to adjust product quality is theoretically ambiguous. This study examines simple price, quality, and output evidence to determine how rate deregulation impacted consumers. It finds support for the view that rate controls did not lower quality–adjusted prices and are best explained as tools for influencing rent distribution across interest groups     

Review essay: Deregulation and distributive justice

This article is an extended critical review of a set of essays arguing for the deregulation of U.S. industry. The essays are by mostly lawyers and economists, not philosophers. The writers act as though non-market-based theories of distributive justice do not exist. Nonetheless, the essays are ingenious and sophisticated enough to present a considerable challenge to such theories. In criticism I discuss chiefly two broad themes — the considerations a non-market-based theory would adduce in rebuttal, and the use by the writers of the existing legal framework. The book illustrates most forcefully the clash between rival philosophical visions of the Good Society. Roger A. Shiner is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Alberta. His most important publications are: Knowledge and Reality in Plato's Philebus (Assen, 1974); articles on legal theory in M. A. Stewart (ed.), Law, Morality and Rights (Dordrecht, 1983); Philosophia, University of Toronto Law Journal, Wm & Mary Law Review; on Wittgenstein in Proc. of the Aristotelian Society, Philosophy and Dialogue; on aesthetics in Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, British Journal of Aesthetics, Philosophy and Dialogue.     

Deregulation in Services and the Marketing Challenge

This paper contributes to the literature on international firm activities by providing the first evidence on the link between productivity and both exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) in services firms from a highly developed country. It uses unique new data from Germany, one of the leading actors in the world market for services. Statistical tests and regression analyses indicate that the productivity pecking order found in numerous studies using data for firms from manufacturing industries – where the firms with the highest productivity engage in FDI while the least productive firms serve the home market only and the productivity of exporting firms is in between – does not exist among firms from services industries. There is evidence that firms with FDI are less productive than firms that export; this finding is in line with recent empirical results reported for software firms from India.     

Continental airlines Shanghai-New York Service officially launched

China will foster a number of globally competitive logistics companies by 2011, said a stimulus plan of the country＇s logistics industry released on the government website on March 27.     

经济全球化与产业演进

本文从经济全球化的角度，阐明了产业演进和经济全球化的关系以及新的经济全球化给产业演进带来的机遇。运用实证经济学，分析了政府在产业演进中的作用；借鉴西方经济学研究成果，从几个方面论述了如何促进产业升级，提高竞争力，以期为我国的产业演进，迎接经济全球化的挑战，提供有益的思考。     

ASEAN between globalization and regionalization

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to test the hypothesis that the ‘ASEAN way’ is different from other regional integration schemes, as measured by the relative importance of its de facto regionalization patterns, the importance of its ASEAN+ frameworks, and its globalization-regionalization nexus. A set of indicators using intra- and extra-regional flow data of various sorts are explored and used to compare the ASEAN integration experience with some benchmark cases worldwide. Four aspects are thereby considered: (1) globalization and economic openness, (2) trade liberalization, (3) regional production sharing, and (4) foreign investment promotion.     

The overselling of globalization

Globalization was oversold. Politicians and some economists wrongly argued for trade agreements on the basis of job creation. The gains to GDP or growth were overestimated, and the costs, including adverse distributional effects, were underestimated. There have been important political consequences of this overselling, including the undermining of confidence in the elites that advocated globalization. The failures of globalization and the misguided backlash against it contain many lessons: about the importance of science and learning in society, the importance of the shared acceptance of facts, the dangerous consequences of deliberately misinforming the public, and the folly of ignoring the distributional consequences of economic forces just because they may lead to growth. The new protectionism advocated by the administration of Donald Trump will only worsen the plight of those already hurt by globalization. What is needed is a comprehensive system of social protection. After cataloguing the failures of globalization and explaining how they led to our current political mire, this paper outlines a set of policies that could put the economy and our politics back on a better path.     

Bank Deposit Rate Deregulation and Customer Service Levels

Liberal branch-banking laws have been shown to result in superior customer service. However, some have attributed this to restrictive deposit rate ceilings that have forced banks to compete on a nonprice basis. One form of customer service—accessibility—is modeled and the role of branching prior to and after deposit rate ceilings were phased out is evaluated. Branching benefits are reaffirmed, suggesting customers should support efforts to liberalize geographic expansion in banking.     

Prospects for greater competition amongst European Community airlines

The deregulation of civil aviation in the United States has led to customers being offered a wider choice of flights at lower fares, whereas deregulation within the european Community is still a distant prospect. Chris Redston examines the proposals of the European Commission for liberalization and assesses their chances of success.     

银行业放松管制和中国制造业企业出口

利用银监会网站所提供的城市层面银行机构数据,探讨了银行业结构性改革中的银行管制放松对制造业企业出口的影响。研究发现:银行业放松管制会提高企业的出口概率及出口额,且这种作用在金融脆弱度越高的行业越明显;进一步拓展研究表明,银行业放松管制对高生产率企业、小规模企业、东西部地区企业的出口促进作用更强。银行业放松管制提高了银行的金融配置效率,推动了地方金融发展,有助于中国外向型经济的发展,促进了企业出口发展。     

美国放松银行业地域管制与中小企业贷款

美国放松银行业地域管制后出现大规模的银行并购,但银行业的并购和跨区域扩张并没有使美国银行业市场过度集中和对中小企业贷款造成明显冲击。中国银行业可以从中得到有益启示:放开中小银行跨区域限制的同时必须保证足够数量的中小银行业机构,使银行市场保持适度的竞争;中小银行应更多立足本地,积极发挥对中小企业关系型贷款优势;大型银行发展中小企业贷款必须进行贷款技术创新,以降低对中小企业交易型贷款成本。     

The globalization of markets and regional integration

The 1980s have witnessed the globalization of markets and an intensified international competition. The rise of the newly industrializing countries and the growth of multinational enterprises—developing parallely to foreign direct investments—have contributed considerably to this trend. However, there are factors suggesting that the intensification of market competition might be only a transitory phenomenon.