Exchange volatility and export performance in Egypt: New insights from wavelet decomposition and optimal GARCH model

To assess the link between exchange rate uncertainty and exports performance in Egypt, this article relies on an optimal GARCH model chosen by information criteria among decomposed series on a scale-by-scale basis (wavelet decomposition). The observed outcomes reveal that this relationship depends intensely on the frequency-to-frequency variation and slightly on the leverage effect and switching regime. Indeed, it is well shown that at the low frequency, the coefficient associated to exchange rate volatility's effect on exports is greater than that at the high frequency and conversely when subtracting energy's share. We attribute the apparently conflicting results to the co-movement between energy prices and those of other commodities, the excessive speculation and the composition of trade partners.     

汇率升值对产出的作用机制与效果文献述评

汇率升值会从多个渠道影响一国的产出水平,并通过不同渠道不同方向产出不同作用,但从理论和实证角度都难以直接确定其产出的最终作用方向.从实证角度分析,汇率升值对产出的作用方向也并无定论,研究对象的不同,研究时间区间的差异是造成研究结论分化的重要原因,但在研究中没有很好地解决内生性问题也是造成结果出现偏差,进而容易得出“紧缩性贬值”结论的一个重要原因.     

石化通用机械进出口及其相关政策走向

石化通用机械行业2003年-2006年进出口连年增长.2007年出口继续快速增长,各主要产品进口有增有减.政策调整将对石化通用机械进出口产生影响.部分产品出口退税率下调.国内投资项目中有154种设备进口不予免税.国家鼓励进口6种石化通用机械.重大技术装备关键件进口实行先征税后返回优惠政策.人民币对美元的汇率升值将会继续,有关企业要积极应对.     

农产品进出口、人民币实际汇率与农业经济增长关系的经验分析

利用VAR模型和IRF检验对我国1980-2005年期间农产品进口和出口、人民币实际汇率与农业经济增长的关系进行了检验,证实了农产品的进口和出口对农业经济增长具有较强的促进作用,人民币实际汇率一定程度的升值不会影响我国农业经济增长。同时,农业经济增长对农产品进口和出口具有促进作用。     

实际有效汇率变动如何影响了制造业全球价值链地位？

基于总出口分解方法,利用增加值数据对传统的实际有效汇率(REER)测算模型进行了修正。测度了中国制造业整体和分行业增加值实际有效汇率,并在此基础上考察了增加值实际有效汇率对中国制造业全球价值链地位的影响。结果表明,传统实际有效汇率高估了人民币汇率变动的幅度,且分行业制造业增加值实际有效汇率的变动趋势存在明显的异质性。增加值实际有效汇率上升会对中国制造业整体在全球价值链上的地位产生不利影响,这一点在资本密集型行业表现得尤为明显,但对劳动密集型行业和技术密集型行业全球价值链地位提升具有一定促进作用。增加值实际有效汇率通过对外贸易对制造业全球价值链地位产生影响,这一影响对制造业整体、劳动密集型制造业和资本密集型制造业较为显著,但对技术密集型制造业影响较小。     

人民币汇率变动对中国出口商品结构的影响分析

通过1985年～2010年资源密集型产品出口额(SITC0-4)、劳动密集型产品出口额(SITC6、SITC8)和资本技术密集型产品出口额(SITC5、SITC7)与人民币实际有效汇率指数及非市场因素出口退税额的协整分析,认为出口额的汇率弹性由大到小依次为劳动密集型产品、资本技术密集型产品、资源密集型产品,因而人民币实际有效汇率升值有利于优化我国出口商品结构,至少是工业制成品出口结构.同时,从出口退税额前的相关系数来看,中国应转变出口退税的政策倾向,加大对资本技术密集型产品出口的支持力度.     

产品内分工与贸易下的汇率与国际收支关系研究——对马歇尔-勒纳条件适用性的分析与发展

人民币持续升值的同时中美贸易顺差却未下降,这对关于汇率变动与国际收支关系的传统马歇尔-勒纳条件理论提出了挑战。本文在文献综述的基础上,从产品内分工和贸易的视角进行研究。通过构建数理模型对汇率与国际收支的关系进行分析,并在一般均衡框架下设定了检验方程,利用中美相关数据分行业实证分析,指出,在产品内分工和贸易存在的情况下,马歇尔-勒纳条件的适用性发生了变化,两国间国际收支对汇率变化的敏感性下降;同时,由于不同行业的产品内分工和贸易发展程度不同,各行业的国际收支对汇率变动的敏感性下降程度也不一样,这对我国制定进出口贸易政策具有一定的指导意义。     

人民币实际汇率调整对中国制造业就业影响——来自1998~2007年细分行业数据的证据

本文首次利用498个4位代码的细分行业数据研究汇率调整对中国制造业就业的影响。在扩展汇率调整对就业市场影响理论分析框架的基础上,本文探讨了人民币实际汇率调整从要素密集度对中国城市制造业就业市场的传导渠道及其影响因素;并通过1998~2007年工业企业数据以及海关贸易数据构建人民币在行业层面的实际有效汇率指数,发现人民币实际汇率调整会对中国城市行业就业市场产生显著且重要的影响。研究表明:初级产品和劳动资本密集型行业的实际汇率调整对就业影响估计的显著性明显高于技术密集型行业,3类行业的就业弹性分别为0.423、0.327、0.309;相对私营行业而言,外商投资行业的净就业水平对于实际汇率调整更为敏感。     

Global value chain and its impact on the linkage between exchange rate and export: Cases of China,Japan and Korea

The link between exchange rate and trade has been studied for a long time, but there is no consensus about their relation. This paper tests the old argument, whether depreciation of real effective exchange rates (REERs) raises exports. We differentiate the test with earlier studies by employing a new measurement of REER and incorporating the effect of GVCs. We measured REER at industry level with value‐added trade weights. We analysed the topic with LSDV and system GMM for China, Japan and Korea since these counties are known to participate actively in GVCs. Our main finding is that exchange rate has significant impact on trade for three countries. However, the movement of elasticity of export to REER varies by country. While the elasticity in China decreased over time, Korea and Japan experienced increasing patterns between mid‐1990s and mid‐2000s and decreasing trends afterwards. This study also tests whether the level of incorporation in GVCs causes a change in elasticity. The results show that growing participation in GVCs lowers the elasticity of export to REER in absolute value. However, this result is only statistically significant in Korea.     

全球醋酸乙烯市场分析及预测

醋酸乙烯是重要的有机化工原料之一。综述了全球醋酸乙烯制造商及生产情况、供需平衡及消费结构,并预测了全球醋酸乙烯市场的未来发展趋势。还对中国醋酸乙烯行业的发展进行了分析,认为中国对醋酸乙烯的需求将成为推动未来全球市场的关键因素,对拟在建醋酸乙烯项目提出了一些建议。     

差异性消费需求——巴拉萨—萨缪尔森模型的一个扩展

巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应指出,一国在长期的经济增长过程中实际汇率会出现升值。2005年7月21日人民币汇率改革以来,人民币兑美元汇率呈现出单边升值的趋势,且目前人们对人民币汇率形成了强烈的升值预期。因此,运用巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应研究人民币实际汇率具有一定的借鉴意义。鉴于传统巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应的分析仅限于供给层面,文章引入了差异性消费需求这一假设条件,在不改变原模型核心假设的基础上,从供需双方面进行了拓展分析,并得出了更加符合现实意义的结论。此外,文章利用中美两国1990～2007年的数据,进行了实证分析。实证结果显示,改进后的模型显著增强了对人民币实际汇率的解释力。     

人民币升值对山东省农产品出口的影响分析

本文采用2005年7月～2008年3月数据,实证分析了人民币升值与山东省农产品出口贸易的关系,得出人民币实际有效汇率的变动对山东省农产品出口有一定影响的结论,并提出相关政策建议.     

How do manufacturing exports react to the real exchange rate and foreign demand? The Chilean case

How do manufacturing exports react to the real exchange rate and to foreign demand? We investigate this question with a Chilean panel data spanning from 2003Q1 to 2016Q4, using publicly available data. In the long term, we find that exports strongly co-integrate with external demand, whereas not with the level of the real exchange rate. The short-run elasticities of manufacturing exports differ in size: (a) the elasticity of foreign demand—approximated by trading partners' activity aggregates—ranges between 0.8 and 1.4; and (b) the elasticity with respect to the bilateral real exchange rate is comprehended in the interval [0.4–0.6]. Core estimated elasticities pass usual robustness checks. The fall in manufacturing exports' growth in 2014–16 is consistent with a persistent slowdown in foreign demand, which has been partially offset by an average depreciation of the bilateral real exchange rate (with respect to destination countries of these exports). The transience of the effect of the real exchange rate is coherent with its exhibited stationarity and also consistent with its role of shock absorber.     

Modeling and forecasting tourism demand: the case of flows from Mainland China to Taiwan

The study of tourism demand is attracting more and more attention. Hence, it is important to understand the variables that affect tourism demand and to forecast the demand. Many studies have been conducted to analyze the demands in various countries. Recently, China has been expected to become one of the largest originators of outbound tourists in the world. Hence, it is interesting to explore what the variables are that affect the Mainland Chinese arrivals to Taiwan and to forecast its corresponding tourism demand. This study applies neural networks to select proper models, and then to forecast the demand.