IMPACT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ON THE U.S. TRADE WITH MEXICO

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect on January 1, 1994. The agreement is designed to reduce trade restrictions and enhance trade among Mexico, Canada, and the United States. The primary objective of this article is to examine and estimate the impact of NAFTA on the trade between Mexico and the United States. The data from 1989 to 1998 were used to estimate the overall trade as well as trade in three important products. The trade statistics were divided into two time periods: 1989-1993, before NAFTA, and 1994-1998, after NAFTA. The regression analysis and statistical t-test were employed to determine whether there were significant differences in the dollar volume of trade between the two time periods. The analysis of the data demonstrates that the trade between the United States and Mexico was significantly larger after NAFTA, which could not be attributed to other factors. However, the effects of other factors were analyzed. The success of the NAFTA model may have future policy implications in forging a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) in the near future.     

BOLIVIA AND SOUTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE

The pending merger between the Andean Pact and Mercosur will advance South American free trade. Each member country will have to adjust to free trade and the various sectors of each economy will adjust differently. This article uses a specific factor model of production to predict output changes and income redistribution in Bolivia with South American free trade. Adjustments in outputs and factor prices in the model are substantial.     

试析贸易自由与贸易保护理论的分歧及其根源

在当今贸易全球化的大背景下自由贸易理论是主调 ,贸易保护理论也存在现实的市场。世界各国普遍采用和实施既倡导自由又实行某种保护方式的对外贸易政策。文章从自由贸易和贸易保护理论的主要内容及其分歧出发 ,试图从公平与效率这个国际规则的出发点 ,提供一个不同于传统定势的分析视角。     

自由贸易与贸易保护主义——公平与效率问题

当今世界 ,贸易自由化成为世界经济发展的主流 ,降低关税和非关税壁垒成为各国双边和多边谈判的主要议题。自由贸易与贸易保护主义的争论由来已久 ,自由贸易的效率以及产生的不公平问题用“补偿原则”来解决是存在局限性的 ,所以 ,自由贸易和贸易保护主义之间政策的权衡十分必要。解决贸易自由化中不公平的问题应从政府制定规则、完善社会保障和建立社会道德标准三方面加以着手。     

中国—东盟自由贸易区建设的利益分析及对策研究

文章分析说明了我国已经具备加入自由贸易区的条件,重点分析了中国—东盟自由贸易区的收益及所面临的问题,认为加入自由贸易区是中国经济发展的必然要求,应积极推动自由贸易区的建设。结合中国—东盟自由贸易区的建设现状,提出了一些具体的政策建议。     

自由贸易协定真能带来世界自由贸易吗

自由贸易协定(FTA,Free Trade Agreement),是指两个或两个以上的国家(单独关税区、国家联盟)通过政府谈判磋商达成协议,逐步取消或消减其在贸易、投资等方面的限制措施,以实现区域内各成员间贸易和投资自由化的目的;但对非协定成员国采取歧视政策,并出于     

A GRAVITY STUDY OF THE PROPOSED CHINA-ASEAN FREE TRADE AREA

The proposed China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) has drawn much interest both at the regional and international level. This interest is justified given the recent surge in regional trade agreements. The implications the FTA will have for the less developed economies of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV economies) are of concern. How would trade between the integrating area and the rest of the world be affected? Will there be net trade creation or net trade diversion effects? What trading partners are likely to loose or gain following formation of the FTA in 2010? These are some of the issues that this article addresses by way of the Gravity Model of trade.     

世界最大的自由贸易区

2005年12月美洲自由贸易区正式启动。它将怎样从整体上改变西半球的贸易、就业、投资格局?美国为何急于建立自由贸易区?拉美各国与美国对建立自由贸易区的最大障碍是什么?     

关于中国实施自由贸易区战略的思考

在党的第十七届代表大会上,胡锦涛总书记在十七大报告有关今后经济发展任务部分提出,要"实施自由贸易区战略".这个提法无论是在党的文件,还是政府的文件里面,都是第一次.从积极参与区域经济合作的提法到明确提出"实施自由贸易区战略",意味着党和政府已经正式把参与区域经济合作与发展自由贸易区上升到国家战略层面,这必将对未来我国的自由贸易区建设进程产生重要推动作用.     

新时期美国对非洲的新贸易政策--论美国对非洲贸易政策的调整及绩效评估

美国对非洲传统贸易政策及其局限性 美国对非洲的传统贸易政策有最惠国待遇、一般普惠制和对最不发达国家的特惠制.截至2006年1月,美国向136个受惠国家或地区的3400多种产品提供免税优惠.     

加工贸易带动的提升--我国产业内贸易实证分析

产业内贸易是指一个国家既 出口又进口同一产业内产品的现象。产业内贸易有水平产业内贸易和垂直产业内贸易之分。水平产业内贸易主要源于各国消费者需求的多样化和市场的不完全竞争性,如档次和价格相近的不同品牌的汽车之间的进出口贸易。垂直产业内贸易的产生,既有各国收入水     

REDISTRIBUTION AND FREE TRADE IN AGRICULTURE: ARE THEY COMPLEMENTARY?

The purpose of the paper is to look at the welfare effects of trade in agricultural goods in a less developed country where the agricultural market is controlled by a handful of large farmers. It is shown that the success of trade reform depends on the distribution of output between large and small farmers and the success of land reform leading to redistribution from the large to the small farmers depends on trade reform. In other words, if undertaken in isolation, each reform might lead to a fall in welfare, but if jointly undertaken, they will lead to an increase in welfare. Thus the two reforms are complementary.     

THE EVOLUTION OF PRODUCTIVITY GAPS AND SPECIALIZATION PATTERNS

This paper presents an industry‐level model of growth and trade, in which evolving specialization patterns are the endogenous result of innovation, international technology spillovers, learning‐by‐doing and balance of payments‐restricted growth. Differences between industries with regard to their share in consumption are shown to reinforce or mitigate the effects of specialization on aggregate productivity convergence patterns, depending on other parameters. The implications of the model are studied by means of simulation analyses for a wide range of parameter configurations.     

贸易与气候变化:国际贸易.的新热点

全球气候变暖是全人类共同面临的巨大挑战,保护气候安全是国际社会的共同目标.为了减缓气候变化,保护气候安全,国际社会需要密切合作,及早减少温室气体排放.在此背景下,贸易与气候变化的关系进入人们的视野,成为贸易领域研究的前沿问题.     

文化贸易在自由竞争与多样性保护下的发展博弈

在世界贸易组织的框架下,为适应贸易自由竞争的原则,中国文化产业的对外开放势所必然。但是,因文化本身的特殊性,文化贸易仅在国际协定的规则下发展还不够,还需有文化例外对其加以保护。作为文化产业相对落后的国家,中国文化贸易的适度保护是文化产业发展的内在要求,中国文化贸易在博弈中求发展。     

警惕贸易条件恶化引起顺差下降

2011年第一季度,中国出现了10.2亿美元的货物贸易逆差,虽然量很小,却是2004年第二季度以来的首次,尤其是考虑到2008年的巨额顺差,变化的确显著. 第一季度出口有季节性偏低因素的影响,季节调整后,第一季度的货物贸易仍为小幅顺差.但是,从2009年开始,季调后顺差迅速下降,占GDP的比例更是大幅度下降.     

ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CONSEQUENCES FOR TRADE STRUCTURE AND TRADE VOLUME

The foreign policy literature typically sees Congress abdicating its policy making role to the executive, implying a presidential dominance model is superior to other policy process models (joint participation, congressional dominance, and bureaucratic dominance). This article uses two theoretical approaches to investigate who actually makes U.S. trade policy: a political economy approach and an institutional approach. We look at the 1985 96 period and at individual presidencies: Reagan (1985-88), Bush (1989-92), and Clinton (1993-96). Contrary to the literature, we find strong evidence that Congress is an active participant in the trade policy making process. Using a variety of empirical techniques (crosstabs, the Index of Revealed Comparative Advantage, pairwise correlations, and stepwise logistic regressions), we confirm that the trade policy process for product-industry-specific policies tends to be dominated by Congress whereas the executive branch is more influential in the policy process for country-specific policies. We conclude by noting the advantage of integrating aspects of both the political economy of trade and institu tional literatures to understand the nuances of U.S. foreign trade policy making.     

电子商务对《服务贸易总协定》的冲击——兼论电子商务多边贸易规则的建立

目前电子商务已成为WTO重要议题。在WTO各相关领域中 ,电子商务对《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)的影响和冲击最大。文章分析了电子商务给GATS的分类、适用范围及GATS的一般义务和特定承诺带来的冲击 ,并提出了建立电子商务多边规则的框架设想和原则建议。