外企拓展内销市场面临全新转变

大陆外企的产品一向都有严格的内销限制，以往原则上只有小量国内难以自给，且又急需进口的外企商品有限度地在大陆进行内销，其余外企的产品，原则上都属返销国际市场。近年来，由于大陆市场不断开放，同时，为了尽快加入关贸和与国际市场接轨，有关当局已经渐渐放开外资企业在大陆产品的内销权。一般相信，随着大陆“国民待遇”政策全面实施，以及市场的进一步开放，外资企业产品很快将会与国有企业产品～样在国内自由销售。与此同时，外资企业在国内以往所享有的各项优惠待遇，也将会全部取消，最终达到使国内外企业在市场上的公平、自由…     

基于风险管理角度探讨投资融资渠道拓展方法

风险投资是指以各种方法将从社会上集在一起的金钱投入到风险企业,以帮助企业能够有资金进行不断发展与壮大。随着经济的快速发展,投资也在不断尝试新的融资方式,因此企业在投资融资方面必须要拓展融资渠道。本文主要介绍在企业融资方面的风险以及其中的风险管理存在的问题,并对投资融资渠道拓展方法进行研究。     

供应链融资的应用与风险管理

供应链融资的推出在一定程度上为中小企业融资开辟了新渠道,也丰富了银行贸易融资的产品,改善了银行的盈利模式。为了更好地开展供应链融资,应根据供应链各个环节的金融需求和风险特点,将包括信用证、仓单质押融资、国内信用证、应收账款融资、保理融资等金融产品有效地组合起来,大胆进行产品创新,也要加强对核心企业、上下游中小企业、贸易环节的风险管理。     

中国中小企业融资渠道的探索研究

自1978年改革开放以来,中小企业在获得发展所需资金的来源上很难与其在中国经济体系中日益发挥的重要作用相匹配.本文根据企业生命周期理论,分析了国内融资渠道的现状及造成中小企业融资难的内、外部原因,阐述了单靠一种途径和方式解决中小企业融资难的问题收效甚微,必需通过渠道,多种方式来解决不同发展阶段的中小企业融资需要的观点.本文还深入探讨了中小企业不同发展阶段可选用的适合自身的融资渠道.中国政府应从多个方面建立和完善扶持我国中小企业融资的政策体系,寻求拓宽中小企业融资渠道的有效途径和建设多层次融资渠道,来促进中小企业更好地发展.     

中国资本市场国际化问题研究

一、中国资本市场国际化的进程。国际化是现代世界各国资本市场的发展趋势。它反映了一国经济与国际经济接轨的程度,一国经济的开放程度以及一国经济和金融的综合发展水平。中国资本市场国际化的过程就是伴随着中国经济对外开放的过程,既体现了中国资本市场逐步走向世界,也意味着世界正走向中国资本市场。中国资本市场的建立和发展是金融体制改革的产物,从80年代初银行开放中长期贷款后,企业中长期融资的主要来源是银行的中长期贷款;另一方面,证券市场的建立也增加了企业外部长期资金的融资渠道。用证券在资本市场上进行直接融资始于…     

浅谈上海自贸区对外资企业的影响

上海自贸区建设实际上是中国主动选择的一个新的开放试点,其核心是以开放的形式迫使改革提速。毫无疑问,上海自贸区的成立为在华的外资企业带来一系列机遇和商机的同时,也由于一定的区域限制和法律法规的有待调整使外资企业面临不小的挑战。     

国企要靠事业留人

<正> 加入WTO的显著标志就是外资企业或者说跨国公司与国内企业更公平地站在同一起跑线上,迫使中国被纳入世界经济发展的轨道之中,由于物资和服务市场的相互开放,使得人才市场和劳动力市场也在一定程度上相互开放。开放的结果是,越来越多的跨国公司为了迅速占领中国市场,提高竞争力,将遵循人才本地化原则,不遗余力地抢夺中国国有企业乃至民营企业的优秀人才,从而     

中小企业内源融资的渠道和模式研究

内源融资是中小企业生存和发展不可或缺的重要组成部分,是企业资金的重要来源。当然,中小企业内源融资渠道和模式随着经济的发展在不断地被创新,中小企业融资难的问题也正在不断地被破解。作为中小企业,仍然应当立足于自身的资产规模和经营管理水平来考虑企业的发展,不可盲目地投资和融资。中小企业只有不断提高经营管理水平和盈利能力、优化自身内外部资源配置效率,积极创新,才能充分发挥内源融资的优势,为进一步开展外源融资提供保障。     

融资渠道、产品市场竞争与成本粘性 ——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据

成本管理是针对企业资源的有效配置过程,成本粘性则能够有效揭示成本管理的行为。获得有效融资是解决企业资源调整和成本管理问题的重要前提,因而研究融资渠道对优化企业成本管理行为具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文主要采用2009—2017年中国制造业上市公司面板数据,讨论融资渠道选择对成本粘性的影响机理,同时也讨论产品市场竞争和产权性质对上述影响的作用。结果表明：（1）内源融资会加强企业的成本粘性,而债务融资和股权融资会减弱企业的成本粘性;（2）产品市场竞争对内源融资强化成本粘性的调节作用不显著,而债务融资和股权融资对企业成本粘性的弱化作用在竞争程度高的公司会更为突出;（3）融资渠道对成本粘性的影响在民营企业更为显著,内源融资会强化民营企业的成本粘性,而债务融资和股权融资会弱化民营企业的成本粘性,但这种作用在国有企业并不显著。本文从融资结构角度揭示企业的成本管理行为,对制造业在降成本过程中选择有利的融资渠道具有一定的参考价值。     

巧用银行业务融资促企业发展

融资困难是中小企业公认的最大发展难题,国家为了帮助中小企业化解融资难问题已经做了大量工作.但是,在微观层面上,由于中小企业相关管理人员和财务人员对银行业务不了解,而银行也没有很好地向中小企业进行业务宣传,造成银行这一融资渠道、方式没有被中小企业充分利用.以下4种银行融资方式比较适合中小企业,在实际操作中能降低中小企业融资成本或简化融资手续.     

基于模糊综合评判模型的软件非功能属性评估方法研究

文章将模糊综合评判模型应用于软件非功能属性的评估,提出一种单因素模糊评价方法——标尺法,以及基于模糊集重心概念将以模糊数表示的综合评价结果转换为明晰数的解模糊方法。与传统方法相比,评价者使用标尺法进行模糊评分,简单、直观,计算量小,更加易于实现,并且保持了一定的语义分辨度。     

A method for quantitative evaluation of burglary resistance

Quantitative models which could be used for comparison of security systems do not seem to be available in the literature. This paper presents a model which could be used to compare the resistance to burglary of differing building designs. Emphasis is on the burglary of apartments. The model is a stochastic process, and computes the probability of successful burglary, and also the probability of burglars being thwarted without being able to attempt entry into an apartment.     

A cost evaluation method for dynamic line balancing

A procedure is presented for calculating stochastic costs, which include operator (labor) and inventory costs, associated with dynamic line balancing. Dynamic line balancing, unlike the traditional methods of assembly and production line balancing, assigns operators to one or more operations, where each operation has a predetermined processing time and is defined as a group of identical parallel stations. Operator costs and inventory costs are stochastic because they are functions of the assignment process employed in balancing the line, which may vary throughout the balancing period, and the required flow rate. Earlier studies focused on the calculation of the required number of stations and demonstrated why the initial and final inventories at the different operations are balanced.The cost minimization method developed in the article can be used to evaluate and compare the assignment of operators to stations for various assignment heuristics. Operator costs and inventory costs are the components of the cost function. The operator costs are based on the operations to which operators are assigned and are calculated for the entire work week regardless of whether an operator is given only a partial assignment which results in idle time. It is assumed that there is no variation in station speeds, no learning curve effect for operators' performance times, and no limit on the number of operators available for assignment. The costs associated with work-in-process inventories are computed on a “value added” basis. There is no charge for finished goods inventory after the last operation or raw material before the first operation.The conditions which must be examined before using the cost evaluation method are yield, input requirements, operator requirements, scheduling requirements and output requirements. Yield reflects the output of good units at any operation. The input requirement accounts for units discarded or in need of reworking. The operator requirements define the calculation of operator-hours per hour, set the minimum number of operators at an operation, and require that the work is completed. The scheduling requirements ensure that operators are either working or idle at all times, and that no operator is assigned to more than one operation at any time. The calculation of the output reflects the yield, station speed, and work assignments at the last operation on the line.An application of the cost evaluation method is discussed in the final section of the article. Using a simple heuristic to assign operators, the conditions for yield, inputs, operators, scheduling, and output are satisfied. The costs are then calculated for operators and inventories.In conclusion, the cost evaluation method for dynamic balancing enables a manager to compare the costs of assigning operators to work stations. Using this method to calculate the operator and inventory costs, a number of different heuristics for assigning operators in dynamic balancing can be evaluated and compared for various configurations of the production line. The least cost solution procedure then can be applied to a real manufacturing situation with similar characteristics.     

A distributional synthetic control method for policy evaluation

We extend the synthetic control method to evaluate the distributional effects of policy intervention in the possible presence of poor matching. The counterfactuals (or intervention effects) are identified by matching a vector of pre-intervention quantile residuals of the treated unit and a convex combination of its potential-control counterparts. The residuals are orthogonal to a set of observable common factors that control for the potentially poor matching. We also apply our method to a set of case studies that explore the distributional effects of state-level minimum-wage hikes in the USA.     

网络安全综合评价方法的应用研究

文章分析了计算机网络运行存在的风险;并从分段技术、加密技术、防火墙技术和抗病毒技术方面探讨了如何防范安全风险。     

技术类无形资产评估方法的探讨

文章在明确技术类无形资产及其特征的基础上,评述了传统评估方法的缺陷,进而提出了技术类无形资产评估方法的改进建议。     

Design method evaluation—an experiment with corridor selection

The improvement of the process of design requires the evaluation of alternative design methods. A framework for evaluating graphically based, intuitive design methods is (1) solve a set of problems with a proven algorithm, (2) have a sample of designers solve the same set of problems, and (3) compare the results to identify the success of each designer or design method. A proto-typical experiment using the problem of corridor selection is used to illustrate the approach, with solutions obtained by twelve students being compared to solutions obtained by discrete dynamic programming for a set of three problems. An important distinction is drawn between measuring the success of the solution vs the success of the problem solving procedure. An extension to evaluate the handling of separately defined objectives is suggested, and questions concerning the stability of a solution with respect to minor changes in the algorithms identified.     

营销风险预警指标体系及综合评价方法

文章从影响营销活动的各类因素入手,根据其内容、特点及分类,构建了营销风险的预警评价指标体系;从定性与定量相结合的角度出发,应用多级模糊综合评判法对营销风险进行量化评价,对定性分析指标采用专家调查与模糊统计相结合的方法,对定量指标的处理则引入模糊数学的方法,从而实现定性指标与定量指标的结合。     

基于模糊综合评价法的企业社会资本核心竞争力评价

企业社会资本是反映企业内外部社会关系特征的一种资源。它可以使企业在内外部的社会关系网络获得"合作租金"和"位置",为企业带来竞争优势。文章通过模糊综合评价法对企业社会资本核心竞争力进行评价,说明企业社会资本确实能给企业带来竞争优势。