投资者情绪对上市公司业绩快报自愿披露行为的影响 ——基于盈余管理部分中介效应的研究

基于会计策略的综合运用视角,探寻上市公司盈余管理行为在投资者情绪影响业绩快报披露过程中的中介作用。研究发现：公司年报中正向盈余管理程度越大,披露业绩快报的可能性越大;对于盈利公司而言,高涨的投资者情绪对业绩快报披露的促进作用部分通过盈余管理策略中介,但对于亏损公司而言,高涨的投资者情绪会对业绩快报披露产生直接抑制作用,投资者情绪高涨经由盈余管理策略对业绩快报披露所产生的间接正向影响,会被直接的抑制作用所遮掩。研究结论有助于深入了解上市公司不同信息披露策略之间的交互影响,并进一步理清投资者情绪对公司不同信息披露策略的作用机理。     

业绩归因的自利性披露及市场反应研究——汇率单边升值情境下的纺织业表现

本文以人民币持续单边升值为研究背景,考察不利环境中纺织业企业的业绩归因信息披露质量。我们试图研究递进的两个问题。一是,上市公司在非财务信息披露过程中,是否存在对业绩归因的自利性操纵行为?二是,自利性业绩归因信息披露之后,投资者决策是否被误导,股价是否能够向着公司所期望的方向改变?     

企业社会责任信息披露影响因素的实证研究——基于沪深300股的经验证据

本文以我国2012年深沪300股上市公司作为研究样本,实证研究了社会责任信息披露的影响因素。研究结果表明社会责任信息披露与公司规模、是否交叉上市显著正相关;社会责任信息披露与资产负债率、是否属于污染性企业显著负相关;另外,社会责任信息披露与盈利能力、最终控制人性质、独立董事比例和两职合一关系不显著。     

管理层语调能预示公司未来业绩吗?——基于我国上市公司年度业绩说明会的文本分析

本文基于我国上市公司年度业绩说明会的文本数据来研究公司管理层语调是否有助于预测公司未来业绩。我们基于上市公司2005-2012年在全景网召开年度业绩说明会的相关文本数据研究发现,管理层净正面语调与公司T+1年业绩显著正相关,以及管理层正(负)面语调与公司T+1年业绩显著正(负)相关。这些结果说明,在控制了T年公司业绩等因素之后,业绩说明会上的管理层语调仍能够提供关于公司未来业绩的增量信息,也从事后验证的角度表明管理层语调具有较好的可信度。本文的研究发现意味着,管理层披露的文本信息有信息含量且有一定可信度,这对在中国高度依赖语境的文化背景下加强研究了解投资者等是如何挖掘和解读文本信息有重要意义。同时,也说明我国上市公司业绩说明会利用先进信息技术的信息披露实践在一定程度上是有效的。     

分行业信息披露能提高业绩预告质量吗？——基于准自然实验的证据

分行业信息披露是注册制下高质量监管的重要内容。本文基于沪深交易所分批次颁布行业信息披露指引这一准自然实验构建双重差分模型,实证分析了行业信息披露义务是否改变了公司的策略性信息披露行为。研究发现,要求上市公司披露行业经营性信息能够提高管理层业绩预告质量,且信息透明度、分析师关注度、法制环境、业绩预告属性和经营风险在分行业信息披露对业绩预告质量的影响中发挥着调节作用。会计稳健性和会计信息可比性是潜在机制。本研究有助于理解以行业为属性的信息披露政策对上市公司业绩预告披露行为的影响,同时对完善我国业绩预告制度也有一定的启发。     

重大诉讼公告披露对上市公司股价的影响——基于重大诉讼公告的事件研究

文章通过对2000²011年上市公司披露的重大诉讼公告进行事件研究,研究发现当上市公司作为被告身份时市场具有负面的反映,如果作为原告身份时,市场具有正的反映,并且交易量都有明显的增加,充分说明了重大诉讼公告是具有信息含量的。     

内幕交易与公司治理：来自业绩预报的证据

本文结合上市公司的业绩预报事件,对信息披露中是否存在内幕交易、公司治理因素如何影响内幕交易进行研究。结果发现业绩预报前存在显著的内幕交易;高管薪酬、股息／盈利比与内幕交易负相关;负债资产比、股权集中度以及两职合一与内幕交易正相关。这说明薪酬激励的提高、两职分离有助于减少内幕交易,但大股东和债权人都没有监管内幕交易的动机;内幕交易虽能缓解由于风险态度差异而引起的经理与股东的利益冲突,却加重了大股东与外部股东的利益冲突。     

上市保险公司年度业绩预告的信息效应研究

基于事件研究法,用超额收益率分析我国三家上市保险公司年度业绩预告的信息含量,测度了信息披露的公正性,揭示了业绩预告信息质量的进步性。超额收益率和累积超额收益率的变化轨迹显示,三家保险公司的业绩预告都有信息含量;随着披露次数的增多,业绩预告的信息质量都在逐年提高。“好消息”的披露往往会导致累积超额收益率逆转上升;“坏消息”的披露一般能减缓累积超额收益率的下降速度。信息披露公正性的检验表明,当业绩预告为“好消息”时,一般不存在信息泄露;为“坏消息”时,通常存在不同程度的信息泄露。     

供应商集中度影响管理层业绩预告行为吗？——基于业绩预告精确性及其预告态度的视角

基于中国企业间关系信任的历史禀赋与现实情境,以2010-2017年A股公司业绩预告为样本,考察供应商集中度对业绩预告精确性与预告态度的影响。研究发现：供应商集中度越高,管理层业绩预告的精确性越低,预告态度也越倾向乐观。进一步研究发现：供应商集中度对业绩预告的精确性负向影响在业绩预告修正情况下作用更明显,在业绩预告未修正时企业更倾向于乐观的业绩预告;同时企业在自愿披露业绩预告情况下,供应商集中度对业绩预告精确性的反向作用更为显著,企业越倾向于披露乐观的业绩预告。以上研究为理解外部利益相关者与企业未来盈利预测之间的关系提供了直接的经验证据,丰富和拓展了供应商关系型交易影响企业信息披露策略选择的研究。     

上市公司信息披露政策对分析师预测的多重影响研究

本文选取针对2001～2007年度年报发布的分析师预测样本,以深交所信息披露考核结果以及是否按规定发布业绩预告作为衡量上市公司信息披露政策的指标,分别考察二者对于分析师预测数量及质量的影响。多元回归分析结果表明,上市公司信息披露政策越透明,则跟随其进行预测的分析师数量越多,预测的分歧度越小,准确度越高。这说明,上市公司高水平的信息披露对分析师具有重要作用,并有利于缓解资本市场的信息不对称问题。本文提示我们,深交所信息披露考核指标以及是否按规定发布业绩预告分别从不同角度体现了上市公司的信息披露政策导向;市场参与者亟待更为全面且公允的信息披露评级指标出台。     

The effect of fair disclosure regulation on timeliness and informativeness of earnings announcements

This paper examines the effect of Korea’s fair disclosure regulation on the timeliness and informativeness of earnings announcements. The present regulation for Korean listed firms requires that if a company’s sales revenue, operating income (or loss) and net income (or loss) have changed by over 30% compared to the prior year, the firm must disclose this information through a preliminary financial report (PFR) even before the company is audited by external auditors. To analyze the effects of this policy, we first investigate the timeliness of preliminary financial report disclosures. We examine the extent to which Korean listed companies actually comply with the requirement for prompt notification of information concerning material changes in financial performance. Second, we investigate the informativeness of preliminary financial reports by analyzing differential stock market reactions to different timings of preliminary financial report disclosures. Our empirical results reveal that more than half of our sample firms release their preliminary financial reports after external audits are completed, thereby potentially invalidating the effectiveness of the regulation. In addition, we find that preliminary financial reports have information value only if they are disclosed prior to annual audit report dates. This finding supports the notion that timeliness increases the informativeness of preliminary financial report disclosure by curbing insiders’ ability to potentially profit from their information advantage.     

In name only: Information spillovers among Chinese firms with similar stock names during earnings announcements

We examine whether investors' attention on salient firm characteristics affects information spillovers during corporate earnings announcements. For market participants in China, the stock name is a salient feature of listed companies. We find that the market reaction of non-announcing firms to earnings reports of announcing firms is greater across firms with similar stock names. The incremental information spillovers among similarly named stocks are stronger for larger announcing firms and on days with fewer earnings announcements. The incremental information spillovers between similarly named stocks do not fully reverse in the post-announcement period, consistent with persistent investor behavior predicted by the salience theory. There are also significant return comovements among similarly named stocks. Our findings suggest that investors with limited attention are likely to focus on salient stock names and overestimate the economic connections between similarly name stocks. Our study extends the behavioral finance literature by showing how investors' attention on salient firm features can bias their reaction to unrelated peer disclosures.     

上市公司公告时间的选择对公告信息含量的影响——基于2001—2007年沪市上市公司年报公告的事件研究

本文以2001--2007年沪市A股上市公司的年报公告为研究对象,对年报公告的时间选择进行研究。研究发现,一定情况下,上市公司的公告时间选择行为是会改变公告的信息含量的,公司可以通过这一行为控制公司盈余的市场反应。当上市公司盈利水平提高（未预期盈余为正）时,这种调控行为的市场反应并不明显;而当上市公司盈利水平降低（未预期盈余为负）时,这种调控行为的市场反应趋于明显。并且,在1、2月份阶段公告年报,上市公司越提前公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应;而在3、4月份阶段公告年报,上市公司越延后公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应。     

Firm Size and the Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements: Australian Evidence

Abstract:   We investigate the effect of firm size on the market's short‐window response to annual earnings announcements for a large sample of Australian listed companies. Our research design involves regressions of unexpected earnings against unexpected returns. Non‐linearity in the returns‐earnings relationship is incorporated and other factors known to affect the response to earnings announcements are controlled for. Contrary to prior US research, our results show that firm size has either no effect on the response to earnings announcements (3 day window) or the response is significantly stronger for larger firms (twenty‐one day window). The information content of earnings announcements is present across firm size categories but the nature of the response differs with firm size and context.     

The usefulness to individual and institutional investors of annual earnings announcements and SEC filings by non-U.S. companies

This study examines the information contained in annual earnings announcements and SEC filings by non-U.S. and non-Canadian companies listed on either the New York or American Stock Exchange. We extend previous research in this area by employing intraday trading data, which allows us to assess the relative informativeness of the earnings announcements and SEC filings across different classes of investors. In addition, analyzing trading data is advantageous in that abnormal trading volume on a U.S. exchange can reasonably be attributed to the usefulness of the information to U.S. traders. The results suggest that annual earnings announcements of non-U.S. companies provide information to both institutional and individual investors, as indicated by the abnormal trading activity surrounding this event, but the value of the information is greater and the time required to process the information is less for institutional investors. With respect to the SEC annual filings, abnormal trading activity was not detected surrounding the filing dates for the entire sample period (1983–1992) for either institutional or individual investors. We do, however, document some evidence that the information content of the 20-F has increased in post-1988 filings, which corresponds with a dramatic rise in the market value of non-U.S. equity securities listed in the U.S. market.     

Market reaction to quantitative and qualitative order backlog disclosures

Analysts and practitioners have long sought information on order backlog (OB) as indicators of future sales, and in turn, of future earnings and stock returns. OB disclosures, though mandatory for annual reports, are voluntarily included in some quarterly reports and are sometimes presented only in textual narration. Given that the required annual OB data may be partially preempted by voluntary quarterly disclosures, we test whether quarterly OB disclosures are used by market participants, especially the qualitative OB disclosures, which were not tested before. We show that OB growth is helpful in forecasting future sales and thus assign a positive tone to qualitative OB disclosures that indicate OB growth. Both quarterly quantitative OB increases and positive qualitative tone are associated with immediate and drift returns, after controlling for other disclosures during the quarterly earnings announcements and variables that affect voluntary disclosure. Our results indicate that regulators may need to consider requiring OB disclosures in quarterly intervals when OB is sufficiently material.     

Evidence of assurance enhancing the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures: an empirical analysis

In response to investor and public concerns about harm to the environment, companies are increasingly disclosing environmental information. To enhance the quality of corporate environmental disclosures in a largely voluntary context, various stakeholders are also demanding independent assurance. This study uses a stakeholder‐agency theoretical perspective to examine whether the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures is enhanced when assured. This study also examines the difference in the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures when assurance is provided by either professional accountant assurers or private consultants. Our sample comprises listed companies voluntarily disclosing environmental information in stand‐alone reports, annual reports, and websites. We use an index based upon the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to measure the quality of company environmental reporting. Results of this matched pairs study show that the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures scores significantly higher for assured companies than unassured companies. For assured companies, the quality is no different when assured by accountants or consultants. Additional analysis provides preliminary evidence that experience improves the quality of environmental disclosures.     

The Information Content of Segment Disclosures: Australian Evidence

This paper investigates whether the voluntary decomposition of consolidated earnings disclosures into industry segments has information content in the sense that such disclosures better enable investors to predict earnings. The broad rationale underlying the experimental design is that if segment disclosure does enable investors to better predict earnings then residual abnormal returns (after controlling for unexpected earnings) surrounding the earnings announcements of firms providing segment disclosures should on average be significantly lower than a matched' group of firms that do not provide this type of disclosure. Using a short event window design, our results support this view.     

Risk-based forecasting and planning and management earnings forecasts

This study examines the association between a firm’s internal information environment and the accuracy of its externally disclosed management earnings forecasts. Internally, firms use forecasts to plan for uncertain futures. The risk management literature argues that integrating risk-related information into forecasts and plans can improve a firm’s ability to forecast financial outcomes. We investigate whether this internal information manifests itself in the accuracy of external earnings guidance. Using detailed survey data and publicly disclosed management earnings forecasts from a sample of publicly traded U.S. companies, we find that more sophisticated risk-based forecasting and planning processes are associated with smaller earnings forecast errors and narrower forecast widths. These associations hold across a variety of different planning horizons (ranging from annual budgeting to long-term strategic planning), providing empirical support for the theoretical link between internal information quality and the quality of external disclosures.     

Information content of earnings announcements in the New Zealand equity market,a longitudinal analysis

We compute abnormal return variance and abnormal trading volume in the 3‐day window surrounding earnings announcements to examine the information content of earnings announcements in the New Zealand equity market over the past 16 years. We find that the information content of earnings announcements has increased significantly over time, and this finding holds true for both interim and preliminary earnings announcements. We find evidence that earnings announcements with June year‐ends exhibit a higher level of information content and experience a more pronounced rising trend as compared to earnings announcements with non‐June year‐ends. Several firm characteristics appear to relate to the level of the information content of earnings announcements as well as to compound the trend over time. We document an important finding that the information content of earnings announcements increases remarkably in the period after the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).