权衡理论下我国BOT项目资本结构对项目公司价值的影响

本文以权衡理论分析公司价值的模型为基础,通过分析项目融资中BOT方式的融资特点,着重考察我国BOT项目资本结构对项目公司价值的影响与改变项目公司资本结构的动因,提出了评估BOT项目公司在给定条件下估计项目公司价值的模型;通过对公司财务困境成本的分析判定当前我国BOT项目最优化结构在理论上的存在;归纳了我国BOT项目公司提前偿债的动机与对公司价值影响,证明在特定时期不能排除项目投资方与项目管理层之间存在委托-代理问题.     

Value stream mapping in project management: A case study

This article describes the application of value stream mapping to analyze and redesign the way of managing the materials procurement stage of a project. A framework based on integrated definition (IDEF) methodology, the stream analysis approach, activity‐based costing, and discrete event simulation is presented. The stream analysis approach is used to analyze, diagnose, and manage process changes represented using an IDEF model. A dynamic simulation is used to evaluate the impact of the changes considered, to support the analysis of the process, and to model the performance of the proposed process. The overall methodology is demonstrated by applying it to a company whose core business is the design and construction of offshore oil rigs. The company specializes in engineering, procurement, and construction projects and has an annual portfolio of about six projects. Many of these projects have common features in terms of design and components, and they are all also characterized by a short “time to delivery.” For this reason, this study was aimed at assessing the possible effects that the application of new materials management policies could have on reducing both project completion time and the resources required.     

Enterprise system implementation issues: learning from field study in Poland

This study examines enterprise system (ES) implementation issues on the basis of research conducted among practitioners dealing with ES projects in Poland. The particular topics investigated include mechanisms determining the success of ES implementations, project conditions and implementation effects. Using a success factors model and a synthetic measure of implementation success, this paper recognises the factors that have the greatest influence on implementation success. While researching project conditions, this study discusses how the ES projects researched were linked with enterprise strategy, how their efficiency was measured and to what extent they defined implementation goals. This paper analyses also the positive and negative effects of ES implementations. The effects investigated were divided into technical, economic, organisational and social results. During the analysis, the implementations examined were divided into groups of projects on the basis of their duration, scope and company size. The findings recognise the leading roles of certain factors among specific project groups and suggest that participants from the most complicated projects are most aware of the overwhelming implementation challenge. The analysis reveals some differences in perceptions and attitudes between stakeholders involved in an implementation project. Managerial and research issues are discussed, together with country-specific aspects.     

Organizational Learning in Project‐Based Companies: A Process Thinking Approach

Although a traditional project model is clearly useful for laying out the patterns of relationships surrounding a project, it does not provide the temporally embedded accounts that enable us to understand how organizational learning takes place. The process thinking perspective offers a means to solving this problem. This article provides an analysis of how different processes interact dynamically in order to benefit project‐based companies' organizational learning. Two findings from this study are: (1) organizational learning is a dynamic concept that emphasizes the continually changing nature of a project‐based company and (2) sensemaking and negotiation of meaning are ongoing processes in project‐based companies.     

浅谈国际工程项目管理

改革开放以来,我国的建筑施工企业参与国际建设市场竞争的越来越多,并由最初的单纯劳务承包,发展到今天的工程总承包。但从我国建筑企业实际情况看,在工程项目的管理上与国际先进水平尚有较大差距,影响着我国工程项目管理水平的提高。文中探讨了如何提高国际工程管理水平。     

投标决策的项目现值思维分析

面对工程市场众多的工程项目招标,承包商想要正确的做出投标决策,就必须对工程项目的各种不确定因素进行分析和预测。承包商通常把预期的利润作为投标决策依据。但利润只能反映在一定的成本计算方法下投标项目本身的效益,并不能反映出该项目对整个公司的影响。预期利润最大的投标项目并不一定对整个公司的贡献最大。依据预期利润大小做出的决策,不一定是对整个公司最有利的决策。基于此,定义了项目现值的概念。提出了投标决策的项目现值思维分析。     

基于价值网的高校BOT项目合作管理模式探讨

随着BOT项目公司参与高校基础设施项目运营的情况日益增加,对在校大学生的管理出现教育主体缺位的现象日趋严重。目前,对于高等教育投资主体多元化情况下的这一新问题尚无深入的研究成果。现运用利益相关者理论,通过紧密性和权力性两个维度对高等教育管理的利益相关者进行了分类,并对实施BOT项目公司和高校对大学生的联合教育和共同管理模式的必要性进行了论述,进而构建了基于高等教育管理价值网的合作管理模式,并对实施合作管理模式进行了策略分析。研究表明:高校学生公寓合作管理模式的核心是打造价值创造平台,通过项目公司和高校的联合教育,发挥各成员的核心能力,使得在校大学生的核心价值不断增长,从而实现各个利益相关者满意度的最大化。研究成果不仅为高校BOT项目的开展和实施提供了理论指导,也为大学生的培养工作开拓了新思路。     

技术服务项目文档管理探析

为实现技术服务项目的顺利验收,提升项目核心竞争力,A公司愈发重视项目文档管理工作对项目文件前端控制和项目档案资源开发利用所发挥的积极作用。论文在分析过去项目文档管理存在的问题的基础上,从建立健全项目文档管理体系、加强项目全周期文件过程控制管理和提高项目文档利用服务质量三个方面来分析和探讨如何提高项目文档管理水平和服务能力。     

A case study of exploiting enterprise resource planning requirements

The requirements engineering (RE) processes have become a key to conceptualising corporate-wide integrated solutions based on packaged enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. The RE literature has mainly focused on procuring the most suitable ERP package. Little is known about how an organisation exploits the chosen ERP RE model to frame the business application development. This article reports an exploratory case study of a key tenet of ERP RE adoption, namely that aligning business applications to the packaged RE model leads to integral practices and economic development. The case study analysed a series interrelated pilot projects developed for a business division of a large IT manufacturing and service company, using Oracle's appl1ication implementation method (AIM). The study indicated that AIM RE improved team collaboration and project management experience, but needed to make hidden assumptions explicit to support data visibility and integrity. Our study can direct researchers towards rigorous empirical evaluations of ERP RE adoption, collect experiences and lessons learned for practitioners, and help generate more effective and mature processes when exploiting ERP RE methods.     

Managing global projects: A structured approach for better performance

The purpose of this research effort is to develop a model for improving the performance of global projects using the underlying relations among the important enablers and barriers of global project performance. A number of factors are identified in the study, using a literature review to develop the model. A survey was used to determine the impact of these factors on global project performance. The model suggests different management practices for global projects versus traditional, co‐located projects. Different from the outcomes of traditional projects, research results suggest that leadership and establishing trust is a first step in the initial stages of the global project.     

滨城聚鑫房地产公司开发项目案例

本案例通过对聚鑫房地产公司遇到的项目开发难题进行分析，提出了三种意见，即立即开发、不可开发、观望后做决定。通过对项目收入、成本费用等各方面进行分析、计算，并对项目建成后的经济效果进行预测，帮助学员了解项目投资中需要注意的资本成本、投资风险和现金流量等问题，以把握项目投资的关键点。     

Managerial Complexity in Process Industrial R&D Projects: A Swedish Study

Process industries often have features that differ from other businesses, such as round‐the‐clock production and costly and specialized production processes—features that have not been dealt with in the project management literature. We highlight and identify the complexity of R&D projects in the Swedish process industry and its interrelated process development and product development activities based on results from interviews and a case study. The different competence areas in which a project manager must integrate and manage R&D projects is illustrated. We conclude that a project manager needs both production and product‐related competence, including customers' processes.     

政府投资项目中建设单位在设计阶段的管理

政府投资项目中,建设单位通过设计阶段的有效管理可以实现项目在投资、进度、质量方面的全面控制,从而保障整个建设项目的合理性、适用性和经济性。本文从投资、进度、质量三方面按照主要控制节点分析了控制管理办法。     

浅析建筑工程施工质量管理方面的若干问题

作为如今社会,对工程质量的要求越来越高,而建设工程的参与者,施工企业也必须对国家、对人民、对子孙后代负起高度责任,切实增强质量责任意识,从施工过程的各个环节、各个方面落实质量责任,确保建设工程质量。"质量就是生命"抓好施工质量管理与控制,是每一个工程公司所有管理工作的重中之重。     

论信用信息基础建设项目成本风险的分担

本文认为,信息基础建设是我国信用体系建设的关键性基础性工作。现阶段,信用信息基础项目建设,应由政府和从社会引入项目主办方共同投资,此种项目投资建设,也会面临影响项目成本进而影响项目收益的风险,这些风险应该在政府与项目主办方之间按比例分担,本文给出了项目成本风险分担比例的计算方法。     

Technology sourcing decisions in exploratory projects

Drawing on research on innovation as knowledge combination and firm’s organizational boundaries the paper contributes to open the black box of a firm’s sourcing strategy, investigating how the new knowledge a project aims to develop affects sourcing decisions. The fine-grained level of investigation adopted, namely the project level, not only enhances the understanding of the antecedents of sourcing decisions in any single project but provides primary explorative evidence on the concept of a company sourcing strategy as a portfolio of decisions across projects. Our test is implemented on a sample of 60 New Product Development projects carried out by a group of leading Italian firms, operating in the machine tool industry. We identify two knowledge dimensions that are the determinants of sourcing decisions at project level: novelty, new functions that satisfy emergent market needs, and breadth, heterogeneity of technological fields that encompass possible solutions to product problems. Our findings show that in firms choosing sourcing configurations on a project-by-project basis, exploratory projects, which search at the frontiers of either novel product features or heterogeneous technological domains, spur firms to exploit the potential advantages of external sources.     

Project success and project team management: Evidence from capital projects in the process industries

Efficient project execution is a key business objective in many domains and particularly so for capital projects in the process industries, but existing project management research gives little direction about how project team factors influence three important capital project outcomes: cost, schedule, and operability. After an extensive cross-disciplinary review of the general team and project management literatures, we constructed and tested a theoretically based, five-dimensional model of organizational context, project team design, project team leadership, project team processes, and project outcome factors. We examined the model by means of an empirical study of 56 newly completed capital projects executed by 15 Fortune 500 companies in the process industries. The results indicate the value of disaggregating project outcomes for research purposes. Different bundles of project team factors were found to drive project cost, schedule, and operability. Project team efficacy, cross-functional project teams, autonomous project team structure, and virtual office usage were the strongest predictors of project cost effectiveness. Continuity of project leadership, cross-functional project teams, and project manager incentives were the strongest predictors of project construction schedule. In contrast, clear project goals and an office design to facilitate effective communication were the main predictors of plant operability. Implications of these findings for researchers and project practitioners are discussed. One major practical implication of our findings is that project managers need to clearly focus and prioritize their goals for each project so they can adopt the appropriate bundles of project team practices that will facilitate their goal achievement.     

BOT项目提前终止关键影响因素——基于多案例的研究

自从我国基础设施与公用事业领域广泛应用BOT模式以来,因缺乏经验、决策不合理等原因导致项目提前终止的情况频繁发生。本文选取中国13个有代表性的提前终止BOT项目为研究样本,采用多案例研究的方法识别出公众反对、政府部门履约不力、政府征用、项目公司违规/违法行为、政策法规变动、同类项目竞争以及建设工期延误7项导致项目提前终止的关键影响因素,进一步分析关键影响因素的特点和形成原因,并提出应对策略,为政府部门和私人资本成功运作BOT项目提供了借鉴和指导。     

论建筑工程施工质量管理工作重点

建筑工程施工质量是保障工程项目投资方经济利益的关键、是保障建筑工程使用者生命财产的关键。建筑工程施工质量控制与管理工作的科学开展有助于企业减少由于质量问题造成的成本增加,保障企业的经济利益。现代建筑工程施工企业如何进行施工质量管理工作,如何提高施工质量已经成为施工企业各项管理工作的关键,成为施工企业面临的首要问题。文中对建筑工程施工质量管理工作重点及实施注意事项等进行了简要论述。     

Managing Risks in Complex Projects

Dealing effectively with risks in complex projects is difficult and requires management interventions that go beyond simple analytical approaches. This is one finding of a major field study into risk management practices and business processes of 35 major product developments in 17 high‐technology companies. Almost one‐half of the contingencies that occur are not being detected before they impact project performance. Yet, the risk‐impact model presented in this article shows that risk does not affect all projects equally but depends on the effectiveness of collective managerial actions dealing with specific contingencies. The results of this study discuss why some organizations are more successful in detecting risks early in the project life cycle, and in decoupling risk factors from work processes before they impact project performance. The field data suggest that effective project risk management involves an intricately linked set of variables, related to work process, organizational environment, and people. Some of the best success scenarios point to the critical importance of recognizing and dealing with risks early in their development. This requires broad involvement and collaboration across all segments of the project team and its environment, and sophisticated methods for assessing feasibilities and usability early and frequently during the project life cycle. Specific managerial actions, organizational conditions, and work processes are suggested for fostering a project environment most conducive to effective cross‐functional communication and collaboration among all stakeholders, a condition important to early risk detection and effective risk management in complex project situations.