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1.
Albino Barrera 《Forum for Social Economics》1999,29(1):63-74
Even while acknowledging the autonomy of “laws” specific to economics, theology situates the view of economics as a “means-ends”
science of human choices within an unavoidable overarching moral order. After all, economic life is merely part of a much
larger personal quest for happiness. Thus, the efficient selection of means for particular ends necessarily takes place within
the context of objective standards of economic rights and obligations as part of human nature. The teleological perspectives
of theology add much to our understanding of economic life by providing the warrants for these rights and obligations. 相似文献
2.
John Marangos 《Forum for Social Economics》2011,40(1):119-137
The “transition” process in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (EEFSU) was one of the most dramatic non-marginal adjustments
in economic systems ever experienced. During the transition process, elements of centrally administered socialism and embryonic
market relations co-existed. This made traditional economic theory irrelevant. The purpose of this paper is to discover policy
concerns and outcomes that orthodox “transition” literature ignores. Stanfield’s contribution to the economic literature,
a cultural-holistic approach of radical institutionalism, makes it possible to understand the “transition” process from a
new and more enlightened perspective. Stanfield provides a better understanding of the complexities involved, since the nature
of change in the EEFSU is social and ever-lasting, not an end-state in the form of “transition”. Students of transition and
of international development would benefit from this novel approach, which dismisses “transition” and substitutes “social
change”, as the proper designation and manifestation of what actually took place in EEFSU. 相似文献
3.
Peter L. Danner 《Forum for Social Economics》2004,33(2):1-17
In business today “spinning” typically has a negative connotation. But it's more basic meaning, as a counter-twisting action
producing multipurpose threads, actually better describes economic acts and relations. It especially illustrates Adam Smith's
basic insight into the economic act as blending the mutual self-interests of buyers and sellers, of workers and employers,
of borrowers and lenders. This meaning is obviously evident in private economic actions but it is also implicit in public
undertakings. Indeed, just a few “look-sees” into the histories of national economies demonstrate the conclusion that where
economic “weaving and spinning” interests are most effective, their economies evolve most productively and where not, they
don’t. 相似文献
4.
Coordinating activity among members is an important problem faced by organizations. When firms, or units within firms, are
stuck in bad equilibria, managers may turn to the temporary use of simple incentives—flat punishments or rewards—in an attempt
to transition the firm or unit to a more efficient equilibrium. We investigate the use of incentives in the context of the
“minimum-effort,” or “weak-link,” coordination game. We allow groups to reach the inefficient equilibrium and then implement
temporary, flat, “all-or-none” incentives to encourage coordination on more efficient equilibria. We vary whether incentives
are positive (rewards) or negative (penalties), whether they have substantial or nominal monetary value, and whether they
are targeted to a specific outcome (the efficient equilibrium) or untargeted (apply to more than one outcome). Overall, incentives
of all kinds are effective at improving coordination while they are in place, but there is little long-term persistent benefit
of incentives—once incentives are removed, groups tend to return to the inefficient outcome. We find some differences between
different kinds of incentives. Finally, we contrast our results to other recent work demonstrating greater long-term effectiveness
of temporary incentives.
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5.
6.
Julie A. Nelson 《International Review of Economics》2010,57(2):233-253
Orthodox neoclassical economics portrays reason as far more important than emotion, autonomy as more characteristic of economic
life than social connection, and, more generally, things culturally and cognitively associated with masculinity as more central
than things associated with femininity. Research from contemporary neuroscience suggests that such biases are related to certain
automatic processes in the brain, and feminist scholarship suggests ways of getting beyond them. The “happiness” and “interpersonal
relations” economics research programs have made substantial progress in overcoming a number of these biases, bringing into
consideration by economists a wide range of phenomena which were previously neglected. Analysis from a feminist economics
perspective suggests several fronts on which research could most profitably continue. 相似文献
7.
We develop a model for economic growth applicable to a group of countries, constituting around half of the gross global production,
that have been consistently “catching up” to the US since 1960 or so. This group can be termed “the convergence club.” The
model has a theoretical basis developed in other publications (cited), but the present work is essentially empirical. It demonstrates
that there is a very strong correlation between “catchup” growth, with respect to the US, and an energy proxy (EP). The energy
proxy that works best is a linear combination of domestic electric power consumption petroleum (oil) consumption, per capita,
compared to the US levels. The results presented here do not constitute a theory of growth, but they are consistent with theory
presented elsewhere. On a practical level, we argue that consistent “catchup” trends over the past 40 years can safely be
extrapolated for a few more decades for scenario construction purposes. We also believe that the observed catchup trends can
be regarded as “potential” mid-term or long-term growth trajectories for transition economies and others that have recently
been adversely affected by conflict or mismanagement. 相似文献
8.
This paper focuses on financing the welfare state expenditures in the UK. It offers a comprehensive analysis of social expenditures
and taxes paid by the working population families, and an estimation of the net benefits received by them. While the subsequent
analysis of the welfare state and its development primarily concentrates on the British experience, it has a broader application
to other OECD countries. The UK as the most egalitarian “liberal market economy,” offers an interesting case for the study
of the interaction between the welfare state expansion and economic growth. In terms of her capitalist economic structure,
(interaction between market and economy) she is relatively closer to the USA and other Angelo-Saxon (liberal market) economies.
In terms of her level of social expenditures, she is much closer to the European “social market economies” than the USA and
other more egalitarian “liberal market economies.” 相似文献
9.
Maria-Soledad Castaño 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):139-145
The main goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between social capital and economic growth taking into account
the role of fiscal policy from theoretical and empirical points of view. To achieve this goal, “Human Capital and Public Capital
Effects on Economic Growth” is focused on the effects of two traditional factors: human capital and public capital effects
on economic growth. “Social Capital Effects on Economic Growth” considers qualitative variables introducing some socioeconomic
effects on economic growth process analysis. In this case, social capital the main variable will be considered. “Empirical
Analysis,” an empirical analysis is developed considering the case of European countries prior to the EU enlargement. Finally,
in Conclusions,” the main conclusions will be resumed.
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10.
Kazuya Ishii 《Forum for Social Economics》2003,32(2):41-55
Ernst F. Schumacher'sSmall is Beautiful seems thoroughly persuasive even at the turn of the century, as reckless material development is increasingly recognized
as a threat to peace. This article describes how his thought was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi's and Schumacher's ways
of thinking are considered as alternative development theorees, different from any of those stemming from laissez-faire economics
or Marxism. The formulation and proliferation of Schumacher's ideas about intermediate technologies are traced in both Indian
and global contexts, to evaluate their sufficiency as bases for development. Moreover, their implications for contemporary
economics are discussed, with the assistance of Amartya K. Sen's concepts of “capability,” “sympathy” and “commitment,” which
are in clear contrast to the conventional concept of “economic man.” Finally, it is concluded that Schumacher's alternative
development theories and practices, as well as Sen's economics, may play important roles in development and peace studies
in the 21st century.
I am grateful to William Volgor, Michael McPherson, David Schrom and Mark Kurowski for their helpful suggestions on drafts
of this article. 相似文献
11.
This paper's goal is to construct a positive theory of economic fairness. Using the theoretical schema developed by Hurwicz
and others, the paper makes precise the notions of an “institution,” “fairness fraiming,” and “institutional framing.” Four
fairness propositions yield an important corollary: the economic environment, the operative institution and history give meaning
to the often used FORMAL PRINCIPLE OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE (“equals should be treated equally, and unequals unequellay, in
proportion to relevant similarities and differences”). We support these four propositions and corollary by an analysis of
laboratory, survey, and anecdotal evidence. Finally we describe a number of areas for future research.
The authors would like to thank Allen Buchanan, James Buchanan, Joel Feinberg, Elizabeth Hoffman, David Schmitz, Linda Schnabel
Stizer, Vernon Smith, Richard Wagner, the participants in the Aspen Institute's Conference on “Local Justice and Fair Allocation”,
the members of the Industrial Organization Workshop of the Department of Economics at the University of Arizona, and panel
participants at the Public Choice Society Meeting for their help and comments at various stages of this paper's preparation.
Responsibility for errors is the authors' alone. 相似文献
12.
Joan Calzada 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2006,29(1):69-102
This paper analyzes the optimal worksharing and access amounts granted to mailers and entrants in a liberalized postal sector
when there is asymmetric information about the Post Office’s (PO) costs. I show that when the regulator is unable to ascertain
which part of the total cost of sorting has to be attributed to each sorting facility, the optimal “access discount” given
to entrants is set in a pro-competitive way. This facilitates the entry of firms that are less efficient than the PO. However,
the optimal “worksharing discount” may prevent the entry of mailers that are more efficient than the PO. 相似文献
13.
Günther Rehme 《Journal of Economics》2007,91(1):1-40
Many models show that redistribution is bad for growth. This paper argues that in a non-cooperative world optimizing, redistributing
(“left-wing”) governments mimic non-redistributing (“right-wing”) policies for fear of capital loss if capital markets become
highly integrated and the countries are technologically similar. “Left-right” competition leads to more redistribution and
lower GDP growth than “left-left” competition. Efficiency differences allow for higher GDP growth and more redistribution than one's opponent. Irrespective of efficiency differences, however, “left-wing” governments have higher
GDP growth when competing with other “left-wing” governments. The results may explain why one observes a positive correlation
between redistribution and growth across countries, and why capital inflows and current account deficits may be good for relatively
high growth. 相似文献
14.
Procurement auctions carry substantial risk when the value of the project is highly uncertain and known only to insiders.
This paper reports the results from a series of experiments comparing the performance of three auction formats in such complex
and risky settings. In the experiment, every bidder knows the private value for the project but only a single insider bidder
knows the common-value part. In addition to the standard second-price and English auctions we test the “qualifying auction,”
a two-stage format commonly used in the sale of complex and risky assets. The qualifying auction has a fully “revealing” equilibrium
that implements the revenue-maximizing outcome but it also has an uninformative “babbling” equilibrium in which bidders place
arbitrarily high bids in the first stage. In the experiments, the latter equilibrium has more drawing power, which causes
the qualifying auction to perform worse than the English auction and only slightly better than a sealed-bid second-price auction.
Compared to the two other formats, the English auction is roughly 40% more efficient, yields 50% more revenues, avoids windfall
profits for the insider, while protecting uninformed bidders from losses. 相似文献
15.
Frédéric Lordon 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1997,7(1):1-21
The slow and endogenous twist of economic macro-structure makes up an important evolutionary feature of capitalist economies,
and may be at the root of structural crisis. In this line, a Goodwinian growth model with increasing returns and profit-sharing
that tries to picture a simple scenario of the seventies crisis is considered. It is shown that the exhaustion of the Kaldor-Verdoorn
“productivity law” can entail, in a nonlinear framework, a “catastrophic” bifurcation from a “high” to a “low” growth path.
Slow/fast dynamical systems then allow one to formalize a multiple time-scales dynamics where the growth path is shaped by
the structural framework in which it takes place, but has also a long -un feedback. Structural change and crisis appear as
long term and endogenous outcomes. 相似文献
16.
Jason Potts 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2007,20(2-3):123-135
This paper offers an extension of the distinction of [Kohn, Cato Journal, 24:303–339 (2004)] between the two paradigms of modern economic theory—value and exchange—as derived from the generic–operant framework
of [Dopfer and Potts, The general theory of economic evolution, Routledge, London, (2007)]. I argue that Austrian and evolutionary economics can be analytically unified about a general framework of rule coordination
and change that I shall call the generic value paradigm. This is an analytic generalization of Kohn’s “exchange paradigm” that will allow us to redefine his conception of the “value
paradigm” as the operational value paradigm in terms of the economics of known and fully exploited opportunities. The generic value paradigm, in turn, underpins the
economics of the growth of knowledge and the evolution of the economic order as an open-system process due to the origination,
adoption, and retention of novel generic rules. Austrian economics is then circumscribed as a special case of the more general
“generic” analysis of the coordination and evolution of economic rules.
相似文献
17.
Schumpeter and the revival of evolutionary economics: an appraisal of the literature 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Jan Fagerberg 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2003,13(2):125-159
During the last two decades we have seen a revival of interest in the works of Joseph Schumpeter and “evolutionary” ideas
in economics more generally. A professional society honouring Schumpeter's name has been founded, and linked to it we have
had for more than fifteen years now a professional journal devoted to this stream of thought. However, it has been argued
that, despite these developments, the link between Schumpeter's own work and the more recent contributions to evolutionary
economics is in fact rather weak. This paper considers this claim. Based on an analysis of Schumpeter's contribution to economics
the paper presents an overview and assessment of the more recent literature in this area. It is argued that although there
are important differences between Schumpeter's work and some of the more recent contributions, there nevertheless remains
a strong common core that clearly distinguishes the evolutionary stream from other approaches (such as, for instance, so-called
“new growth theory”).
RID="*"
ID="*" Many people have contributed to this paper in various ways. Jon Hekland at the Norwegian Research Council started it
all by asking me to make an overview of the contribution from “evolutionary economics” to our understanding of contemporary
economies. Several people helped me on the way by supplying written material, comments and suggestions, and I am indebted
to all of them. Brian Arthur, Stan Metcalfe, Keith Pavitt, Erik Reinert, Paolo Saviotti and Bart Verspagen may be particularly
mentioned. A preliminary version was presented at the conference “Industrial R&D and Innovation Policy Learning – Evolutionary
Perspectives and New Methods for Impact Assessment” organised by the Norwegian Research Council (“SAKI”) at Leangkollen, Asker,
April 18–19.2002. I wish to thank the discussant, Tor Jakob Klette, and the participants at the conference for useful feedback.
Moreover I have benefited from comments and suggestions from the editors and referees of this journal. The final responsibility
is mine, however. Economic support from the Norwegian Research Council (“SAKI”) is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
18.
Peter T. Leeson Christopher J. Coyne Peter J. Boettke 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2006,19(2-3):137-147
We examine the ability of focal points to transform situations of potential conflict into situations of cooperation. In performing
this function, focal points convert “worst-case scenarios” into “better-case scenarios,” which are easier for political economic
systems to handle. Focal points thus contribute to the ability of political economies to perform well in the face of less
than ideal conditions, enhancing systemic robustness.
JEL Code P0 相似文献
19.
The Economics of Non-Convex Ecosystems: Introduction 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
The word “convexity” is ubiquitous in economics, but absent fromeconomics. In this paper we explain why, and show what differenceit
makes to economic analysis if ecosystem non-convexities aretaken seriously. A simple proof is provided of the connectionbetween
“self-similarity” and “power laws”. We also provide anintroduction to each of the papers in the Symposium and draw outthe
way in which they form a linked set of contributions. 相似文献
20.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) has mobilized economic theory in order to encourage E.U. Member States to reach desirable
environmental water pollution levels by conciliating economic and ecological interests. For this purpose, a stringent standard
(“good status”) has been set. Nevertheless, it will be possible to relax this standard if it appears that total abatement
costs required for reaching this “good status” exceed expected environmental benefits. This ambitious policy updates the issue
of the abatement costs and environmental benefits assessment. Concerning the costs, a full discrimination of the abatement
effort minimizes the total cost when the impact of polluters changes spatially, while a uniform effort can reach a pollution
target in flexible ways. In this case, the increase of the degree of discrimination of the abatement effort is required only
if it generates significant positive economies. Our theoretical and empirical results have shown that the discrimination advantage
becomes insignificant for either very demanding or very little demanding ecological standards and varies according to the
polluters’ profile. In the case of “intermediate” standards, efficiency gains become negligible with a restricted number of
effort “levels”. 相似文献