The Prophecy of Place: A Labor Market Study of Young Women and Education

This study demonstrates that place—defined in this article as labor market area (LMA)— provides a useful context for examining how youth manage gendered situations. Places vary by conditions in which gender is more, less or differently salient, and a particular mix of factors accommodates different individual outcomes. This study utilizes multi–level modeling to examine influence of LMA characteristics on over–time educational measures for young women (Center for Human Resource Research 1994). Hierarchical models determine place–level effects on both average outcomes (within and between LMAs) and attainment processes. A major finding of this study is that aggregate place effects channel personal decisions and outcomes of young women. Young women's educational aspirations are dependent on gender– specific variables such as the number of women in college or the number of young women married in a local area. Attainment depends on the percentage of women in higher education and a local labor market's average age at first marriage. Further, what are assumed to be positive environmental effects (e.g., manufacturing dominance) are based on structural advantages for men and actually depress outcomes for women. Notably, the influence of place is independent of strong individual–level determinants, including social class.     

Futurology as Further Ideology: Reflections on Pryor's Millennium Survey of Economists

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21^st Century. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3-33.     

The Most Influential DEA Publications: A Comment on Seiford

In a recent paper in Journal of Productivity Analysis, Seiford (1996) assessed some DEA publications as being the most influential by interviewing a sample of researchers in an attempt to establish a consensus. In this note I compare Seiford's ranking with an alternative bibliometric ranking based on the Social Science Citation Index. The alternative quantitative ranking is very different from Seiford's qualitative ranking.     

The Resale Price Maintenance Struggle: A Comment

A bstract . The analysis of Professor A. J. Greco on recent legislative proposals to make resale price maintenance more difficult for manufacturers to practice is updated legislatively and judicially. Because of subsequent research findings, it is argued that this and other legislation aimed at outlawing resale price maintenance is not economically justified. Rather, a more efficient approach is to extend the current rule of reason standard applied to vertical nonprice restraints to resale price maintenance and other vertical price restraints.     

Henry George on Land Ownership: A Comment on Pullen

Did George alienate many by presenting his reform program as the institution of a new form of restricted land possession rather than as the retention of traditional ownership with a substantial land tax imposed? It seems doubtful, yet the distinction merits further exploration and the peculiar and hard‐to‐implement nature of the tax and the difficulty of reconciling it with George's distrust of government needs to be stressed. Ideally, George might have preferred complete government ownership of land but his policy proposals were pragmatically adapted to the realities of his own society. The extent of the egalitarianism and aid to the landless implied in his program is questioned.     

Henry George's Land Reform: A Comment on Pullen

Henry George described his proposal to tax land rent as tantamount to abolition of the private ownership of land . However, Pullen's suggestion that it might better be described as conditional, modified, or restricted ownership falls foul of the fact that all ownership is conditional, modified, or restricted in some sense. Whereas, for George, the private ownership of labor products may be positively justified on grounds of equity, and is subject only to conditions that apply to ownership in general, the private ownership of land may be permitted , but only on grounds of social utility, and only if a radical condition (social appropriation of most of its rent) is met that satisfies the demands of equity.     

On the Analytics of Wicksell: A Comment on Abiakpor

Three essential concepts of Wicksell's contributions are probed. (1) Wicksell's commingling of a barter economy with a money economy led to a logical pitfall in his cumulative-process paradigm. (2) Wicksell sought to deduce a cumulative process involving price-level movements from an economy without money and, therefore, without a general price level. (3) Wicksell's idealized pure credit system can be logically reconciled with his law of the demand for money creating its own supply.     

Modernization in Mainland China: A Comment

A bstract . The conclusion of Professor Chen that foreign; capital inflows affect modernization in China is challenged on the basis of data and methodology. Professor Chen rejected the argument.     

Institutional Change and Projections: A Comment

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21^st Century. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3-33.     

The Market & Mr Chalk: A Comment on'Air Travel: Safety Through The Market'

Bruce Meyer argues that Andrew Chalk in his article'Air Travel: Safety Through the Market', Economic Affairs, Volume 8, No. 1, does not go far enough and that the Federal Aviation Administration ought to he abolished.     

Comment on: A non-parametric spatial independence test using symbolic entropy

In a recent paper López et al. (2010) introduce a new test for spatial independence. The test is a generalization of tests developed in Matilla-García (2007) and Matilla-García and Marín (2008). The results derived need some clarification.     

有关企业规模界定的评析

各国对企业规模界定采用的划分指标主要有两类:定量指标与定性指标.我国一直以定量划分为主.在操作性方面存在不足.针对市场经济发展实际和参与国际竞争的需要,2003年我国又调整了企业规模界定的标准.作者认为,无论采用什么标准,对企业规模的界定都不能只停留在对企业经营活动的表层描述上.企业规模的选择取决于企业在市场中的竞争行为,是企业适应市场竞争需要、市场规则自然选择的结果,故企业单纯做大或做小都是不适宜的.     

评国际舞弊审计新准则及其借鉴

我国证券市场上频发的审计失败案例暴露了独立审计准则在舞弊审计方面的缺陷,对舞弊审计准则的完善势在必行。国际会计师联合会(IFAC)下属国际审计与鉴证准则委员会(IAASB)于2004年2月份发布了ISA 240《审计师在财务报表审计中对于舞弊的责任》的修订稿。由于我国是国际会计师联合会的会员国,而且国际审计准则是我国独立审计准则制定过程中的主要借鉴对象,因此,修订后的国际舞弊审计准则对我国相关准则的完善有重要的参考价值。本文在介绍国际舞弊审计新准则内容和特点的基础上,提出完善我国舞弊审计准则的建议。     

A Comment on The Creation of the Office for National Statistics by John Pullinger

This article establishes the availability of statistical information in Mexico. A good statistical information system is a necessary, not a sufficient condition for economic and social development.     

The Effect of Sample Size on the Mean Efficiency in DEA: Comment

Zhang and Bartels (1998) show formallyhow DEA efficiency scores are affected by sample size. They demonstratethat comparing measures of structural inefficiency between samplesof different sizes leads to biased results. This note arguesthat this type of sample size bias has much wider implicationsthan suggested by their example. Models which implicitly restrictthe comparison set like some models for non-discretionary variableslead to biased efficiency scores as well. A reanalysis of theBanker and Morey (1986b) data shows that the efficiency scoresderived there are significantly influenced by the variation insample size implicit in their model.     

Researching the Toyota Effect: A Comment On Winfield

Chris Smith, Lecturer in Organisational Studies and Industrial Relations at Aston University Business School, and Tony Elger, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick, offer some constructive criticisms of the research design, reported in a recent issue of the HRMJ, for the large-scale project being carried out in the East Midlands to establish the degree of influence of the newly-built Toyota assembly plant at Burnaston near Derby on human resource policy and practice in the surrounding area.     

An Alternative Tale of Two Tax Jurisdictions: A Comment

ABSTRACT In a recent issue of this journal, Galles and Sexton (1998) evaluated California's Proposition 13 and Massachusetts' Proposition 2-1/2. Galles and Sexton (1998, p. 123) conclude that
Both initially succeeded. However, following a brief lag… governments made up lost revenues primarily through increased non-tax fees and charges; within a decade, real per capita revenues and expenditures exceeded their pre-revolt peaks.
The present Note offers an alternative view of Propositions 13 and 2-1/2 which, using data from Galles and Sexton (1998, Tables 1, 2), concludes that these Propositions not only yielded short-term success for several years in terms of reduced real per capita revenues and expenditures but also may have yielded longer-term success in terms of reducing the growth rate of real per capita revenues and expenditures. This Note also raises questions about the way in which Galles and Sexton (1998) performed their computations.