The Prophecy of Place: A Labor Market Study of Young Women and Education

This study demonstrates that place—defined in this article as labor market area (LMA)— provides a useful context for examining how youth manage gendered situations. Places vary by conditions in which gender is more, less or differently salient, and a particular mix of factors accommodates different individual outcomes. This study utilizes multi–level modeling to examine influence of LMA characteristics on over–time educational measures for young women (Center for Human Resource Research 1994). Hierarchical models determine place–level effects on both average outcomes (within and between LMAs) and attainment processes. A major finding of this study is that aggregate place effects channel personal decisions and outcomes of young women. Young women's educational aspirations are dependent on gender– specific variables such as the number of women in college or the number of young women married in a local area. Attainment depends on the percentage of women in higher education and a local labor market's average age at first marriage. Further, what are assumed to be positive environmental effects (e.g., manufacturing dominance) are based on structural advantages for men and actually depress outcomes for women. Notably, the influence of place is independent of strong individual–level determinants, including social class.     

Futurology as Further Ideology: Reflections on Pryor's Millennium Survey of Economists

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21^st Century. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3-33.     

The Most Influential DEA Publications: A Comment on Seiford

In a recent paper in Journal of Productivity Analysis, Seiford (1996) assessed some DEA publications as being the most influential by interviewing a sample of researchers in an attempt to establish a consensus. In this note I compare Seiford's ranking with an alternative bibliometric ranking based on the Social Science Citation Index. The alternative quantitative ranking is very different from Seiford's qualitative ranking.     

The Resale Price Maintenance Struggle: A Comment

A bstract . The analysis of Professor A. J. Greco on recent legislative proposals to make resale price maintenance more difficult for manufacturers to practice is updated legislatively and judicially. Because of subsequent research findings, it is argued that this and other legislation aimed at outlawing resale price maintenance is not economically justified. Rather, a more efficient approach is to extend the current rule of reason standard applied to vertical nonprice restraints to resale price maintenance and other vertical price restraints.     

Henry George on Land Ownership: A Comment on Pullen

Did George alienate many by presenting his reform program as the institution of a new form of restricted land possession rather than as the retention of traditional ownership with a substantial land tax imposed? It seems doubtful, yet the distinction merits further exploration and the peculiar and hard‐to‐implement nature of the tax and the difficulty of reconciling it with George's distrust of government needs to be stressed. Ideally, George might have preferred complete government ownership of land but his policy proposals were pragmatically adapted to the realities of his own society. The extent of the egalitarianism and aid to the landless implied in his program is questioned.     

Henry George's Land Reform: A Comment on Pullen

Henry George described his proposal to tax land rent as tantamount to abolition of the private ownership of land . However, Pullen's suggestion that it might better be described as conditional, modified, or restricted ownership falls foul of the fact that all ownership is conditional, modified, or restricted in some sense. Whereas, for George, the private ownership of labor products may be positively justified on grounds of equity, and is subject only to conditions that apply to ownership in general, the private ownership of land may be permitted , but only on grounds of social utility, and only if a radical condition (social appropriation of most of its rent) is met that satisfies the demands of equity.     

On the Analytics of Wicksell: A Comment on Abiakpor

Three essential concepts of Wicksell's contributions are probed. (1) Wicksell's commingling of a barter economy with a money economy led to a logical pitfall in his cumulative-process paradigm. (2) Wicksell sought to deduce a cumulative process involving price-level movements from an economy without money and, therefore, without a general price level. (3) Wicksell's idealized pure credit system can be logically reconciled with his law of the demand for money creating its own supply.     

格兰杰因果性检验评述

格兰杰因果性检验是计量经济学中最常用的因果性检验方法，但是因为种种原因，目前很多实证研究存在着对该检验方法的模糊认识和不正确运用。本文回顾了格兰杰因果性检验的发展脉络，对国内目前在实际运用格兰杰因果性时存在的一些问题进行了讨论。     

The Market & Mr Chalk: A Comment on'Air Travel: Safety Through The Market'

Bruce Meyer argues that Andrew Chalk in his article'Air Travel: Safety Through the Market', Economic Affairs, Volume 8, No. 1, does not go far enough and that the Federal Aviation Administration ought to he abolished.     

Institutional Change and Projections: A Comment

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21^st Century. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3-33.     

Modernization in Mainland China: A Comment

A bstract . The conclusion of Professor Chen that foreign; capital inflows affect modernization in China is challenged on the basis of data and methodology. Professor Chen rejected the argument.     

上市公司内部控制审计若干问题之探讨——兼论我国内部控制鉴证指引的制定

内部控制审计是一项新兴业务,无论是国际还是国内均有许多理论与实务问题需要研究.我国在制定内部控制审计准则过程中,尤其应当着力解决好业务性质、内部控制审计与财务报表审计的关系、审计对象的确定(包括内部控制的范围及时点与期间的选择)、注册会计师的责任、内控标准的选择与内控缺陷的定性、实施范围等问题.     

有关企业规模界定的评析

各国对企业规模界定采用的划分指标主要有两类:定量指标与定性指标.我国一直以定量划分为主.在操作性方面存在不足.针对市场经济发展实际和参与国际竞争的需要,2003年我国又调整了企业规模界定的标准.作者认为,无论采用什么标准,对企业规模的界定都不能只停留在对企业经营活动的表层描述上.企业规模的选择取决于企业在市场中的竞争行为,是企业适应市场竞争需要、市场规则自然选择的结果,故企业单纯做大或做小都是不适宜的.     

Comment on: A non-parametric spatial independence test using symbolic entropy

In a recent paper López et al. (2010) introduce a new test for spatial independence. The test is a generalization of tests developed in Matilla-García (2007) and Matilla-García and Marín (2008). The results derived need some clarification.     

评国际舞弊审计新准则及其借鉴

我国证券市场上频发的审计失败案例暴露了独立审计准则在舞弊审计方面的缺陷,对舞弊审计准则的完善势在必行。国际会计师联合会(IFAC)下属国际审计与鉴证准则委员会(IAASB)于2004年2月份发布了ISA 240《审计师在财务报表审计中对于舞弊的责任》的修订稿。由于我国是国际会计师联合会的会员国,而且国际审计准则是我国独立审计准则制定过程中的主要借鉴对象,因此,修订后的国际舞弊审计准则对我国相关准则的完善有重要的参考价值。本文在介绍国际舞弊审计新准则内容和特点的基础上,提出完善我国舞弊审计准则的建议。     

内生增长理论:综合分析与简要评价

罗默、卢卡斯等经济学家提出了内生增长理论。它所强调的规模收益递增、外溢效应、专业化人力资本积累等，是对传统经济增长理论的重大突破。它不仅较好地解释了一些经济增长事实，而且其丰富的政策内涵对各国经济长期增长政策的制定和运用也有一定的参考价值。但不可否认，内生增长理论在理论框架、生产函数、分析方法等方面仍存在一些缺陷与不足，有待进一步完善与发展。     

Social Science and Social Policy: A Comment

A bstract . The notion that a social science can be value-free ignores the fact that the concepts upon which the social sciences remain dependent cannot possibly be. The emphasis upon methodology, mainly responsible for that position continues, but in recent years it has been paired with emphasis upon policy, applied social science. Value free social policy is within possibility— but it would be irrelevant.