商业银行面临企业信用风险的进化博弈分析

本文根据进化博弈理论,运用复制动态方程对商业银行面临企业的经营风险和道德风险进行了深入分析,对于有限理性的经济人来说,进化博弈的最终结果是令人失望的,市场几乎是完全失败的。但是,银行可以通过建立长期稳定的银企相互信任的业务关系和组建银企集团,实现商业银行与企业     

转型期新型银企关系的建立与对策

文章提出在转型期应将国家银行与国有企业之间的行政管理服务型的资金供应关系，转变为市场经济体制政以信用为基础，资金交易的新型银企关系。这就必须改革金融体制实现政银分开，将国有商业银行改造为国家控股、地方参股、企业入股，个人持股份制银行。同时通过建立资产经营公司作为国有产权营运主体，实现投资主体到位。将银企关系建立在正常的商业借贷关系基础上。     

银行“惜贷”的信息经济学解释及其对策

本文运用博弈论和信息经济学模型,分析并指出我国信贷市场中的银行"惜贷"现象本质上是由于银企之间信息不对称引起的"逆向选择"的结果;接着证明了扩大银企的共享信息,消除信息不对称,对各方均有利;最后提出相应的对策。     

银企关系的信息价值与企业金融化趋势的冲击——来自贷款公告市场反应的证据

文章采用一种更加综合的银企关系度量方式,从贷款公告市场反应的视角,首次检验了银企关系强度与企业金融化对银行缓解信息不对称能力的影响。基于A股市场数据,研究发现银企关系越亲密,贷款公告的市场反应越正面,表明亲密的银企关系有助于提高银行缓解信息不对称的能力,但危机后企业的金融化行为会削弱亲密银企关系的信息价值。文章深化了银行信息生产领域的研究,为银企关系的信息价值以及信息在金融市场中的传递机制提供了新的证据。     

清末至民国前期银企关系探究——以天津恒源纱厂与银行的关系为中心

本文以恒源纱厂与银行的关系为中心,对清末至民国前期的银企关系进行了分析,认为近代中国的工矿企业存在着对银行的高度依赖,在此基础上出现了银行控制企业的趋势.在这一趋势中,银行建立了相关的制度和组织,拓展了业务;而企业的经营管理机构也因此而改变,经营状况有所改善.但这并不意味着中国近代必然会出现银行主导型的银企关系.     

构建银企和谐共生的关系型借贷模式探索

关系型借贷是通过建立银企之间全面、细致的关系,来最大程度地减少中小企业借贷风险的一种贷款协议。目前,关系型借贷已经成为西方发达国家的商业银行解决信息不对称问题的主要方式。近年来,我国许多商业银行引入了该项技术,以创新信贷技术为引线,调整内部组织结构和激励约束机制,以及遵循贷款定价的市场化改革,为我国小型商业银行开展小企业贷款提供了成功的案例。国内小型商业银行关系型贷款模式的探索2006年,包头市商业银行和浙江台州银行成为我国     

运用基金作为中介化解银企不良债权债务

银行与企业存在的巨额不良债权债务已成为影响银企深化改革的现实难题。一方面，银行不良信贷资产至少占全部资产的20％，另一方面，我国企业负债率已由1980年的18．7％上升到1997年的85％以上，其中90％以上是对银行的负债，成为高风险借贷型经济。因此，化解银企不良债权债务已成为深化金融改革和企业改革的当务之急。笔者认为，我国要消除银企不良债权债务，可以采取这么一种思路：银行将一部分债权出售给基金这一中介机构，基全对企业控股和投资，进行资产重组和资本运营。基金的资金来源可通过发行金融债券、受益证券和股票来解决。基…     

按市场经济要求重塑银企关系

在传统体制下，银行与企业都不是独立的经济实体和市场主体。由于政企不分，政银不分，国有企业对银行过度依赖，形成债台高筑。经济活动中的银企关系，真可谓“剪不断，理还乱”。文章通过分析银企关系现状，剖析银企关系扭曲的成因，提出了构建新型银企业关系的原则，并就理顺银企业关系与产权制度改革提出了建议。     

对重建新型银企关系的若干思考

对重建新型银企关系的若干思考凌江怀，黄真一、当前银企关系进一步扭曲变形的突出表现及原因分析改革开放以来，银行逐渐取代财政，成为我国企业资金的主要供给者，银行在经济生活中的地位和作用日显重要，银企关系亦按市场取向的改革有了不少新的变化，但形势的发展并不...     

试论市场经济条件下新型银企关系的重构

试论市场经济条件下新型银企关系的重构李国鹏，刘国辉由于长期以来受资金供给制、银行职能行政化和银企关系从属化等因素的影响，我国银行与企业关系一直被扭曲，这种既不平等、又不体现价值规律的银企关系，与市场经济规律形成了难以吻合的矛盾。社会主义市场经济体制确...     

Bank Lending and Economic Growth of Chinese Cities

Using a city-level dataset over the period 2004-2006,the present study investigates the relationship between bank lending and the economic growth of Chinese cities.Unlike past studies,we divide bank lending into loans from three types of banks:foreign banks,city banks and other banks.Our findings are threefold.First,the lending of foreign banks exhibits a strong and positive association with the economic growth of Chinese cities. Second,foreign direct investment in the sampled cities enhances the lending effects of foreign banks,but reduces the lending effects of other banks on the economy of Chinese cities.Third, the effects of city competitiveness are similar to those of foreign direct investment;that is,city competitiveness augments the lending effects of foreign banks but reduces the lending effects of other banks.     

贷款技术、设立取址与村镇银行小微企业贷款

本文选取东中西部六个省份200家村镇银行作为研究样本,实证分析了村镇银行贷款技术、设立取址与小微企业贷款发放量之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）经济发达地区村镇银行小微企业贷款发放量明显低于经济欠发达地区;（2）村镇银行在发放小微企业贷款时,更倾向于使用关系型贷款技术。随着地区金融基础设施的完善,村镇银行所使用的贷款技术中交易型贷款技术的比例逐渐增加,且小微企业贷款发放量也呈递增趋势;（3）当主发起人为农村金融机构时,村镇银行的小微企业贷款发放量明显高于主发起人为非农金融机构的村镇银行。因此,为了进一步缓解小微企业融资难,政府应当采取积极措施鼓励村镇银行更多的设立在能发挥其小微企业贷款比较优势的欠发达地区,尤其是当主发起人为农村金融机构时;同时,应当努力完善地区金融基础设施,以方便贷款技术的创新与应用。     

Monetary policy transmission through the bank lending channel in Thailand

This paper investigates the strength of the bank lending channel in the transmission of monetary policy in Thailand. Bank behavior is captured by quarterly balance sheet data for ten commercial banks of diverse size for the period 2007-2016. Based on a flexible form profit function, bank supply and demand equations are estimated that capture lending and funding choices. The estimation results are used to derive time-dependent supply and demand elasticities which are then combined with estimates of pass-through from the policy rate to retail rates to simulate the dynamic impact of a monetary tightening on bank portfolio allocations. Due to pass-through differentials among retail interest rates, an increase in the policy rate is shown to raise the cost of loan-production relative to the return on loans, thereby motivating banks to contract their lending. Small banks show a greater degree of loan contraction than large banks because large banks are better able to fund continued lending through debt issuance. Because the Thai economy relies heavily on bank loans, these findings suggest that the bank lending channel is an important conduit for the transmission of monetary policy in Thailand.     

Bank profitability and the bank lending channel: Evidence from China

This paper uses bank-level data to investigate whether the impact of monetary policy on bank lending depends on the characteristics of Chinese banks during the period 1985–2007. We find that the impact of monetary policy on lending is weaker for larger banks and banks with lower levels of liquidity, and that banks’ responses to monetary policy do not necessarily vary according to their capital. Further, to identify the bank lending channel more clearly, we test whether the impact of monetary policy varies according to profitability. The results show that profitable banks tend to be less sensitive to monetary policy, because when tight monetary policy leads to a fall in deposits, less profitable banks face a higher cost of capital.     

Bank capital and lending: Evidence of nonlinearity from Indonesia

This paper studies the transmission of bank capital shocks to loan supply in Indonesia. Using bank data for the period 2001:Q1 to 2018:Q4, we estimate dynamic panel data models of bank lending. We find nonlinear effects of capital on loan growth. Specifically, the response of weakly capitalized banks to changes in their capital positions is larger than that of strongly capitalized banks. This non-linearity implies that not only the level of capital but also its distribution across banks in the system affects the transmission of shocks to aggregate lending. Likewise, the effects of bank recapitalization on loan growth depend on banks’ starting capital positions and the size and distribution of capital injections.     

Explaining Interest Rate Spreads in Ghana*

Abstract: The question of the optimal spread between bank lending rates and rates that banks pay on deposits, which is fair to bankers, depositors and borrowers, has dogged economies for some time. In Ghana, there is widespread perception that the spread is too wide. Bankers, on the other hand justify the spread on the basis of economic variables that affect them. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying, in the case of Ghana, the short‐run response of the net interest margin of banks to changes in bank‐specific, industry‐specific and macroeconomic variables within the broad framework of Ho and Saunders (1981) . We find that increases in the following factors significantly increase net interest margin — bank market power (or concentration), bank size, staff costs, administrative costs, extent of bank risk aversion and the rate of inflation. On the other hand, increases in the following variables decrease net interest margin significantly — bank excess cash reserves, the central bank lending rate, management efficiency and the passage of time. To help reduce interest rate margins, we recommend that banks should not get too big, the central bank should consider lowering the capital adequacy ratio and banks should be required to pass on to borrowers the full extent of reductions or increases in the central bank lending rate. Continued efforts at keeping inflation at bay will also help.     

Does a large loss of bank capital cause Evergreening? Evidence from Japan

Using the real estate lending share of the bank’s loan portfolio at the peak of the land-price bubble as an instrument for bank capital, we identify the impact of capital adequacy on the allocation of bank lending under the Basel regulatory framework. We find that, in Japan, a large loss of bank capital caused by the regulator’s excessively tough stance towards banks not only induced the contraction of the bank lending supply but also the banks’ reallocation of their lending portfolios to financially unhealthy industries with a higher concentration of non-performing loans.     

Bank Lending and Business Cycles: South African Evidence

Abstract: The paper provides empirical analysis on the linkage between the behavior of bank lending and business cycles in South Africa. Consistent with theory, overall evidence suggesting pro‐cyclicality of bank lending is uncovered both at macro and micro levels. At macro level, bank lending and lending rates have moved in tandem with business cycles. Real borrowing by government was counter‐cyclical to business cycles as would be expected if the role of government was to fine‐tune the economy during booms and recessions. At micro level, bank lending to households and firms was generally pro‐cyclical. Even the growth of provisioning by banks has been largely pro‐cyclical to business cycles, though exceptions were recorded. First, new mortgage lending exhibited counter‐cyclical behavior before 1993. We attributed this behavior to the political and economic climate prevailing then which created uncertainties that made ownership of property a good hedge against economic and political risks. Secondly, the growth of real credit for investment and of foreign trade finance does not appear to have been related to business cycles.     

Heterogeneity in lending and sectoral growth: evidence from German bank-level data

This paper investigates whether heterogeneity across firms and banks matters for the impact of domestic sectoral growth on bank lending. We use several bank-level datasets provided by the Deutsche Bundesbank for the 1996–2002 period. Our results show that firm heterogeneity and bank heterogeneity affect how lending responds to domestic sectoral growth. We document that banks’ total lending to German firms reacts pro-cyclically to domestic sectoral growth, while lending exceeding a threshold of €1.5 million to German and foreign firms does not. Moreover, we document that the response of lending depends on bank characteristics such as the banking groups, the banks’ asset size, and the degree of sectoral specialization. We find that total domestic lending by savings banks and credit cooperatives (including their regional institutions), smaller banks, and banks that are highly specialized in specific sectors responds positively and, in relevant cases, more strongly to domestic sectoral growth.