基于供应链视角的工程项目管理研究

首先对传统工程项目管理模式进行描述,发现了这种管理模式的两个固有缺陷:利益相关者之间的高度对立关系和高昂的交易成本。为解决这两个问题,供应链管理的思想需要被引入。结合供应链的理念,本文阐述了工程建设行业的特点,并提出了一种将其有效整合的管理模式,从整体上优化工程的建造环节,实现了利益相关者之间的多赢。     

Analysing remanufacturing decisions of supply chain members in uncertainty of consumer preferences

This article formulates a gaming model of the closed-loop supply chain with manufacturers (as the leader), sellers and consumers where consumers may or may not be willing to pay remunerative price for remanufactured products vis-à-vis new products. In the model, manufacturers produce new as well as remanufactured products, whereas sellers distribute them. In stable circumstances, this article presents the functional formula of the optimal manufacturing pricing decisions. The results show that when the cost of new products is significantly lower than that of remanufactured ones, manufacturers choose to produce new products only. When the difference between cost of new and remanufactured products is moderate, manufacturers tend to produce both new and remanufactured products, and in some regions, production of new and remanufactured products is proportional to each other. When the difference between cost of new and remanufactured products is enormous, their production and sale tend to stop. Also, this article analyses the effects of varying cost of new and remanufactured products and the recycling rate on pricing decisions of supply chain members. This article contributes to the management of manufacturers’ and sellers’ remanufacturing decisions and also provides advice on how governments can guide consumer preferences.     

Information technology, transaction costs and the decision to 'make or buy'

Information and communication technology (ICT) has a wide ranging impact on business. One of the effects is on the 'make or buy decision'. This is analysed from the perspective of transactzon cost economm (TCE). On the one hand ICT reduces transaction costs by reducing search costs, by facilitating monitoring and control of performance and by yielding a greater flexibility of production, which reduces the transaction specificity of assets. These efiects, favour the decision to 'buy'. On the other hand, ICT reduces economies of scale, in some areas of production, which makes outside production i n a specializedfirm less attractive. Also, ICT may be used to impose switching costs between suppliers and buyers, thereby miszng transaction costs. But such ploys appear to be feasible only temporarily, with a pressure from users and competitors towards standardization and open systems. Thus the effects of ICT are diverse, but on the whole it tends to favour the option to contract out.     

Information technology,transaction costs and the decision to 'make or buy'

Information and communication technology (ICT) has a wide ranging impact on business. One of the effects is on the 'make or buy decision'. This is analysed from the perspective of transactzon cost economm (TCE). On the one hand ICT reduces transaction costs by reducing search costs, by facilitating monitoring and control of performance and by yielding a greater flexibility of production, which reduces the transaction specificity of assets. These efiects, favour the decision to 'buy'. On the other hand, ICT reduces economies of scale, in some areas of production, which makes outside production i n a specializedfirm less attractive. Also, ICT may be used to impose switching costs between suppliers and buyers, thereby miszng transaction costs. But such ploys appear to be feasible only temporarily, with a pressure from users and competitors towards standardization and open systems. Thus the effects of ICT are diverse, but on the whole it tends to favour the option to contract out.     

如何使供应商参与绿色产品创新更有效——参与模式及治理形式适配的作用

供应商参与作为一种供应链企业间的价值共创活动,对制造企业绿色产品创新意义重大。基于交易成本理论和社会交换理论,在揭示供应商参与模式与供应商治理形式间的适配对供应商参与绿色产品创新效能影响的基础上,引入供应商关系专用型投资,揭示参与模式—治理形式间适配与供应商参与效能间的转换机制。来自246家制造业企业样本的实证研究表明,当对外包型供应商参与采用正式化控制、协作型供应商参与采用社会化控制、咨询型供应商参与采用互补双元控制时,有助于供应商参与效能提高;供应商关系专用型投资在供应商参与模式—治理形式适配和供应商参与效能的关系间起不同程度的桥梁作用。     

基于企业关系分析的供应链交易成本研究

企业竞争模式逐渐被供应链竞争所取代,原来作为企业竞争力量的供应商和购买者现在成为了供应链上的合作伙伴。然而作为不同的独立个体,上下游企业间存在交易成本,且构成了供应链组织间成本的最主要部分。通过对影响交易成本因素的分析,研究供应链中的企业间关系对交易成本大小的影响,进一步将广义的交易成本中作为质量保证价值活动的部分分离出来作为关系成本独立研究。以期秉承战略成本管理和系统管理的思想,通过付出关系成本更大幅度的降低交易成本,提升整体供应链的价值和竞争优势。     

Risk and Household Grain Management in Developing Countries

A dynamic model is presented of a household's joint production, storage, and trade decisions when facing transaction costs and risk in prices and yields. Grain management decisions balance the goals of maximising profits and reducing consumption price risk. Model solutions calibrated to Chinese data show that grain's consumption role makes it an attractive form of precautionary saving even when households have access to credit, the joint nature of production and savings decisions limits the income loss associated with risk-coping, and the desire to store grain can explain why subsistence households are frequently net purchasers but rarely net sellers of grain.     

黑龙江省稻米供应链交易效率的实证研究?

本文研究了黑龙江省稻米供应链在不同情况下的交易效率。研究结果表明,稻米供应链的制度环境落后和粮食主产区的基础设施薄弱,导致了黑龙江省稻米交易效率低下。因此,黑龙江省稻米供应链交易效率的提高必须从优化制度环境和加强产区基础设施建设入手。     

构建物流联盟基础上的现代物流配送

物流配送是物流系统中是最接近消费者的重要环节，它通过运用先进的信息技术和管理来优化配送系统，提高物流服务水平和竞争力。目前，我国物流配送发展中还存在不少问题，应通过建立物流联盟，来降低企业交易费用，发挥资源互补优势，增强供应链竞争力，提高物流配送服务水平。     

R&D boundaries of the firm: An estimation of the double-hurdle model on commissioned R&D,joint R&D,and licensing in Japan

This paper studies the firm’s decisions on in-house R&D and its procurement from outside through commissioned R&D, joint R&D, and technology acquisitions (i.e., licensing-in). Using the data about 14,000 manufacturing firms in Japan, we estimate a modified double-hurdle model in which the first hurdle determines whether the firm should perform any R&D at all and the second hurdle determines whether (and how much) it should perform each mode of procured R&D. The results generally support the two major theories—the transaction cost theory and the capability theory. The estimated positive effects of firm size, in-house R&D intensity, diversification, and vertical integration support the hypothesis that capability is needed for procured R&D, while the estimated positive effect of the index of appropriability by patents supports the hypothesis that this appropriability reduces transaction costs. In addition, we found that information flow from scientific sources and that from transaction-based sources affect the three modes of procured R&D differently.     

Linking corporate sustainability and innovation in supply chain management – evidence of a Taiwan leading glass recycling company

This empirical study presents a combination of insights from corporate sustainability practices, supply chain management, and innovation literature, and a case study to discover new understandings on factors influencing firms to incorporate sustainable innovation initiatives into their supply chain practices. There is an apparent lack of literature in this field due to its modernity and evolving nature. Also, there is a lack of insights into how firms could translate sustainable innovation initiatives into practice. This study addresses this gap by examining a successful glass recycling company through the lenses of sustainable innovation context and the Global Reporting Initiative G3 Guideline framework. Primary data are collected through observations and in-depth interview before it is coded and analysed using nVivo. The findings show that sustainable innovation practices are mainly directed at improving the technological processes, resource sharing, and reduction of production cost among supply chain partners. A conceptual sustainable innovation framework is also proposed. This study contributes to sustainable innovation literature by providing insights into the evaluation of a firm's innovative sustainability efforts.     

宏观经济管理中的牛鞭效应及其实证

牛鞭效应是供应链中上下游企业订货量波动的一种固有规律,它不仅存在于单个供应健中,而且存在于整个宏观经济管理中。本文在定量分析牛鞭效应的形成机理的基础上,实证分析了它在宏观经济产、供、销上的存在性,有关结论对科学地进行宏观经济管理有一定指导意义。     

实施绿色供应链管理,促进制造业可持续发展的意义与对策分析

由于我国对资源、环境问题的高度重视,绿色供应链管理也日益受到关注。但绿色供应链在我国起步较晚,这方面的研究还较少。本文从绿色供应链管理的视角出发,结合制造业的实际情况与特点,研究得出了绿色供应链管理对制造业及循环经济发展的意义,提出实施绿色供应链管理必将促进制造业的可持续发展,促进循环经济的发展,并针对目前我国国情下绿色供应链管理存在的整体高效益,局部不经济这一主要矛盾,提出了实施绿色供应链管理的具体措施。     

农业产业集群优化升级的空间配置模型:供应链管理视角

文章从供应链管理视角,建立了同时考虑生产和运输成本的农业产业集群优化升级空间配置问题的混合整数规划数学模型。该模型通过对农业产业集群供应链网络的各个生产节点的区位、生产规模进行选择,以最小化农产品的初级生产、初级加工、完成品加工和配送的总成本。文章并以陕西渭北平原苹果产业集群为例,得出了集群的最优空间配置方案,验证了模型的有效性,也表明该模型对农业产业集群空间配置的优化和升级能提供有益参考。     

Factors that influence transaction costs in development offsets: Who bears what and why?

Environmental policy instruments generate transaction costs to public and private parties. There is a growing literature reporting on the size of transaction costs produced by environmental policy instruments. This paper extends that literature through an analysis of the factors that influence transaction costs in environmental policy and how this influence occurs. The theory based factors that influence transaction costs are categorised as: 1) transaction characteristics; 2) transactor characteristics; 3) nature of the institutional environment; and 4) nature of the institutional arrangements. We examined how these factors influenced transaction costs through the analysis of two Australian-based development offset schemes with different policy designs. We found evidence of all four theory-based categories of influence in the policy case studies. The degree of influence and how each factor influenced transaction costs varies across the two policies and between parties. Policy design as a component of the institutional environment had a particularly large bearing on transaction costs of offset buyers and the policy administrator. An important contribution to transaction cost theory assumes the institutional environment as given.     

Beyond associative democracy

This article proposes a cognitive and empirical approach, based on in-depth semi-structured elite interviews, to analyse the extent to which the dollar is becoming a negotiated international currency in the perception of financial elites in China, Brazil and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It shows that while the greenback is still the top currency in the system due to a lack of alternatives, its long term dominance is questioned because its economic pre-eminence and its political leadership are perceived to be fading. This in turn is stimulating financial elites in emerging markets to promote alternative regional monetary frameworks and the internationalisation of their own currencies. The article explores how financial elites in key dollar holding countries react to the US ‘exorbitant privilege’ of not facing disciplinary constraints in its economic policies. It then examines how the US has been able to misuse its central position in the system by delaying and deflecting adjustment costs upon others, and illustrates the disapproving response that this has provoked in emerging markets and Europe. Finally, it concentrates on Chinese proposals to renegotiate the status of the dollar in the system and why these have been hitherto rejected by the US.     

Conflicts of supply chains in multi-channel marketing: a case from northern Finland

Multi-channel marketing is a popular research theme of marketing management. Studying multi-channel marketing is a popular research theme of marketing management. The studies emphasise the necessity and advantages of multi-channel marketing. Despite these advantages, multi-channel marketing is also a source of conflicts in supply chains because the coordination of supply chain ecosystem is challenging. This study is based on a questionnaire and interviews of entrepreneurs. The large significance of dealer, large turnover and the intention to bypass middlemen in the supply chain are sources of conflicts. Variables, which seem to have decreasing effects on conflicts are ‘large number of employees’, ‘intentions to sell different products via different channels’ and slightly in the case ‘to achieve competitive advantage via online shop’. Successful exploitation of e-commerce and multi-channel marketing needs intensive adaptation of entrepreneurs in each step. Each marketing channels need their own planning and sub-strategies. The strategic decisions of e-commerce are part of the whole strategy of the entrepreneurs and the firm.     

混合型供应链订单渗透点的确定

推式供应链追求的是效率,其缺点是当市场需求预测不准确时产品的滞销大.拉式供应链追求的是对客户的快速响应、减少在制品库存,其缺点是响应需求的成本较高、难以形成规模经济.多数产业的供应链是由“推式”与“拉式”两部分组成的混合型供应链,其追求的是效率与响应的平衡,即确定订单渗透点的合理位置.订单渗透点的位置受市场因素、产品因素、生产因素的影响.导致订单渗透点位置向前或向后移的主要驱动因素分别是提高定制化水平、减少在制品库存、减少送货时间和提高生产效率.最后,用一个家具企业的案例说明订单渗透点的位置是如何移动的,并由此导致供应链绩效的提高.     

Transaction Cost Economics, Antitrust Rules, and Remedies

This article discusses the application of transaction cost economics(TCE) to the specification of antitrust legal rules and antitrustremedies and explains why the application of TCE analysis maylead to very different legal rules and remedies from approachesthat ignore TCE considerations. Antitrust legal rules must besensitive to the attributes of the institutions we rely uponto enforce antitrust policies, the information and analyticalcapabilities these institutions possess, the uncertainties theymust confront in the diagnosis and mitigation of anticompetitivebehavior and market structures, and the associated costs oftype I and type II errors implied by alternative legal rulesand remedies. Modern imperfect competition theory that failsto take TCE principles into account is likely to lead to poorlegal rules and remedies. These conclusions are supported bya discussion of the Kodak case and its progeny and of the proposeddivestiture remedies approved by the District Court's decisionin the Microsoft case.     

数字经济如何影响制造业全球价值链地位：机制分析与空间溢出

当前,数字经济已成为稳定经济增长的新优势。构建数字经济影响制造业全球价值链地位的数理模型,利用2005—2020年中国省级面板数据,从数字产业化和产业数字化两方面构建省级数字经济发展水平综合评价指标体系,实证研究数字经济对制造业全球价值链地位的影响。结果表明,数字经济能显著提升省域制造业全球价值链地位且具有动态非线性递增效应;与东部地区和非“一带一路”沿线地区相比,数字经济对中西部地区和“一带一路”沿线地区制造业全球价值链地位的提升作用更大。就内在机制而言,提高技术创新能力和推动产业结构升级是数字经济影响制造业全球价值链地位的两条基本路径。进一步的空间杜宾模型分析表明,数字经济对制造业全球价值链地位的影响存在空间溢出效应。