Economic Analysis of Microfinance： Evidence from China

China＇s evolutionary reform brought China economy enormous progress, which also subsided the poverty phenomenon. But the present anti-poverty task is still very arduous for China today. Peasant household＇s microfinance is a kind of important tool which contributes to the poverty alleviation. The sustainable development of microfinance has become a serous problem at present. This text analyses the sustainable development of microfinance through setting up the income model of microfinance, then puts forward the way to solve.     

Empirical of the Taiwan stock index option price forecasting model – applied artificial neural network

This work presents a novel neural network model for forecasting option prices using past volatilities and other options market factors. Out of different approaches to estimating volatility in the option pricing model, this study uses backpropagation neural network to forecast prices for Taiwanese stock index options. The ability to develop accurate forecasts of grey prediction volatility enables practitioners to establish an appropriate hedging strategy at in-the-money option.     

Effect of board gender diversity on the financial performance of microfinance institutions: Does judicial efficiency matter?

The impact of board gender diversity on the financial performance of firms is not known. This is because empirical investigations have yielded inconclusive outcomes. This study engages data from 408 microfinance institutions (MFIs) covering the period 2010–2018 from the six microfinance regions to investigate this impact using the Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) and the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) estimation techniques. The study also explores whether judicial efficiency exerts any significant effect on the board gender diversity–financial performance nexus. The study observes that board gender diversity exhibits a strong negative effect on the financial performance of MFIs. The study also observes that the effect of board gender diversity on the financial performance of MFIs escalates in the presence of judicial inefficiency. The study, therefore, unveils the judicial system as a channel through which gender diversity drives the financial performance of MFIs negatively.     

对发展我国农村小额信贷的思考

金融是现代经济的核心和命脉,同样农村金融也是社会主义新农村建设的核心和命脉[1]。我国的农村小额信贷主要服务与农村地区的弱势群体即被金融机构排除在外的广大农户,虽然我国的小额信贷在现阶段取得了一定的成果,但是其可持续发展仍然存在许多因素的制约,主要有资金供需失衡,小额信贷自身的不足,缺乏有效的风险分担机制等。根据国内外小额信贷成功的事例,我国应采取拓展多元化小额信贷资金来源,加快利率市场化改革等措施来促进我国小额信贷的可持续发展。     

金融发展理论:一个文献综述

在麦金农和萧之后 ,2 0世纪 80年代末 ,现代金融发展理论在利用现代金融理论和内生经济增长理论重构自己的理论基础之后 ,已经成为一个包括发展中国家和发达国家金融发展问题的一般理论。本文依照金融发展理论的发展脉络系统评述了这一领域的主要文献 ,介绍了最新研究进展。     

小额金融机构监管须谨防与服务低收入群体冲突

以服务低收入群体为宗旨的小额金融机构(MFI)近年来在中国发展迅速,其监管制度正在探索之中。国际经验表明,接受监管与不接受监管的两类机构在业务深度上存在显著差异。监管似乎抑制了MFI对低收入群体的服务,违背了其创立初衷。充足资本有助于MFI拓展业务深度,是监管可能带来的积极影响。此外,MFI的其他微观控制变量及所在国的宏观背景也会影响其业务深度。中国要防止简单套用传统金融机构的监管体制和方法,谨防业务出现漂移。     

中国农村小额信贷宏观效率现状分析

中国农村小额信贷的宏观效率包括小额信贷运作对农村经济发展的作用效率和政府监管农村小额信贷市场的效率,其影响因素主要包括农村地区货币量与农村经济总量比率、农村地区货币结构比率、政府调控农村小额信贷措施的影响力、政府调控农村小额信贷效果与预期目标的偏离程度等。受农村小额信贷运作对农村经济发展的作用效率较低和政府监管农村小额信贷市场的效率较低的影响,目前中国农村小额信贷的宏观效率较低。     

Microfinance institutions’ transparency in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study analyses the impact of the ownership structure and macro-level factors on Microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) transparency in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using cross-sectional data from 223 MFIs in 11 countries, we find that MFI transparency in SSA is low and highly variable. Our results indicate that larger MFIs and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are associated with greater transparency. Greater transparency of NGOs is consistent with the need to sustain and attract donor funding. Country-level resources, such as the level of financial sector development, also impact MFI transparency.     

Misaligned Expectations and Non-Cooperative Behavior in Indian Microfinance: Evidence from a Survey

This study examined the causalities of non-performance of self-help groups (SHGs) in the context of polarised institutional expectations in the microfinance ecosystem in India. Institutional approach and stakeholder approach were followed for the investigation. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews (SIs) were conducted to collect data from various institutional stakeholders. It was found that the institutional expectations of each institution from other institutions in the microfinance ecosystem were polarized, misaligned and were antagonistic in nature. Institutional behaviours were governed by their expectations from the microfinance ecosystem. Therefore, the polarized and antagonistic expectations created non-cooperative behaviours and attitudes in the key institutions, which further created a weak performance of the microfinance programs.     

Does capital and financing structure have any relevance to the performance of microfinance institutions?

This paper aims to explore the impact of capital and financing structure on the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) from an agency theoretic standpoint. GMM and IV estimations with instruments have been performed using a panel dataset of 782 MFIs in 92 countries for the period 2000–2007. Results confirm the agency theoretic claim that an increase in leverage raises profit-efficiency in MFIs. The study also finds that cost efficiency deteriorates with decreasing leverage. Likewise, the negative significant impact of leverage on depth of outreach can also be explained. However, the study finds that capital structure does not have any noticeable impact on breadth of outreach and neither is it significantly related with women’s participation as loan clients.     

All Myth and Ceremony? Examining the Causes and Logic of the Mission Shift in Microfinance from Microenterprise Credit to Financial Inclusion

This contribution assesses the shift in the mission of microfinance from providing small loans for entrepreneurship to the broader agenda of financial inclusion. Three leading organisations' publications inform a discourse analysis, which allows the strategic shift to be analysed using two theoretical frames from organisational sociology: instrumental rationalism and sociological institutionalism. The proclaimed shift in strategy is found to consist less of rational innovation towards the aim of poverty alleviation than of “myth and ceremony” for the sake of organisational self-preservation.     

中国农村小额信贷微观效率现状分析

中国农村小额信贷的微观效率包括小额信贷机构效率和小额信贷市场效率,其影响因素主要包括农村小额信贷机构的经营效率和发展效率、小额信贷市场的运行效率和对农村经济发展的推动效率。受农村小额信贷机构的经营效率和发展效率较低的影响,中国农村小额信贷机构效率较低;受农村小额信贷市场运行效率和推动经济发展效率较低的影响,中国农村小额信贷市场效率较低,从而导致中国目前农村小额信贷的微观效率较低。     

金融制度缺陷:我国农村金融效率低下的根源

本文通过统计数据对我国农村金融资源配置效率的分析表明,我国农村金融资源配置效率相对低下.造成农村金融资源配置效率低下的原因,是现阶段农村金融制度的有效供给不足,导致了金融资源配置无法满足帕累托条件.因此,提高农村金融资源配置效率的关键,在于农村金融制度的创新和有效供给.     

微型金融机构的效率权衡：财务效率与社会效率——以江苏省小额贷款公司为例

在微型金融机构的财务持续和社会拓展双重目标下,本文采用56家江苏省小额贷款公司的调查数据,使用DEA Tobit方法分析了小额贷款公司的财务效率和社会效率的目标权衡。结果显示：（1）在经营策略和技术进步上,小额贷款公司的财务效率和社会的平均值基本等同,且效率值的数量分布相似,但经营规模上,财务效率的平均值小于社会效率,且其数量分布范围比社会效率更大;（2）金融发展对小额贷款公司的财务效率和社会效率均产生负向影响;（3）小额贷款公司的盈利能力、资产规模都有助于其财务效率和社会效率的提升,而支农广度仅对财务效率影响为负,但对社会效率的影响不明显。     

居民对中、外资金融机构的比较评价研究——来自中国九个城市的证据

Between domestic financial institutions and foreign or joint venture ones in China, which ones do Chinese people give better assessment to? And what factors affect those comparative assessments? With a household survey in nine cities in China in 2006, we find that China’s domestic financial institutions are considered better than foreign or joint venture ones in terms of financial products, communication with investors, security and prudence, operation standardization and service attitudes. When taken into account the endogeneity of people’s trust on government regulation agencies, empirical results show that people’s more attention to returns or the more trust on government regulation agencies leads to their better assessments on domestic financial institutions than foreign or joint venture ones. The policy implications are: Chinese governments have to take measures to improve residents’ trust in governmental regulation and create a fair competition environment for domestic and foreign financial institutions in China. Domestic and foreign financial institutions make efforts to develop a higher rate-of-return and attractive financial products to service more customers.