市场失灵与企业创新

新古典理论认为市场失灵会使得资源配置的效率偏离帕累托最优状态,文章认为,市场失灵还会影响到企业的创新方向和创新数量,导致全社会该产生的创新可能创新不够,不该产生的创新却层出不穷,从而降低资源配置的长期效率,针对市场失灵的不同类型,政府只要采取不同的措施,就能够正确引导企业的创新行为。     

Market efficiency and cointegration: Some evidence in Pacific-Basin black exchange markets

This paper investigates the efficiency of the black exchange markets in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The study applies unit root and cointegration tests to examine black exchange market efficiency of Pacific-Basin countries. The generating process of black exchange rates appears to be a random walk. This is consistent with Gupta (1981) and other foreign exchange rate unit root test studies. Johansen cointegration tests are performed for these black exchange markets together with Japan and Singapore. The results suggest that there is at least one unit root among the black market exchange rates. Hence, black exchange markets are not collectively efficient.     

Some aspects of testing non-nested hypotheses

This paper examines some aspects of testing non-nested hypotheses. An inequality between the Cox and Atkinson statistics is noted, and the necessary and sufficient condition for the Atkinson test to be consistent is derived. A new test procedure is also outlined. The rest of the paper illustrates the various test statistics, their properties, and relationships for competing linear regression models.     

Some economic aspects of industrial democracy*

Laurence Hunter argues that although there has been some reference to economic questions in the debate on industrial democracy, they have not received the attention that they deserve. Rather than to provide answers, the purpose of his article is to highlight the importance of the questions, in the hope that others might be encouraged to accept the presented challenge.     

Some computational aspects of a trimloss problem

In dit artikel wordt het probleem van de afvalbeperking behandeld, dat bij het snijden van papier en andere materialen optreedt. Het blijkt, dat in het geval dat de schrijvers bestudeerden, de lineaire programmerings-matrix sterk kon worden vereenvoudigd door toepassing van een gemakkelijk hanteerbaar criterium.
Voorts wordt ingegaan op het vinden van de begin-oplossing en het verdere verloop van het iteratieproces     

Some further aspects of ecological regression analysis

Ecological regression analysis is concerned with the inference of individual level relationships from aggregate level data. A first method for this type of inference, which here is compared to Leo Goodman's (1953) method, was presented by the German statistician F. Bernstein (1932). His hypothetical example, voting behaviour depending on age, is reanalysed, using historical data from the Reichstag elections, with special emphasis on the NSDAP vote. Furthermore it is demonstrated, why age is a bad predictor is ecological regression analysis, and how unreliable predictors can be diagnosed by means of several simple coefficients.     

Passages on the path to privatisation: the experience of British Steel

In 1988 public sector steelmaking in Britain was extinguished by the sale of all shares in British Steel plc. Given the politicised history of steel, the ease with which the company floated is surprising. This article suggests explanations which lie in the character of the principal industrial actors and the main political parties.     

Some aspects of modeling and statistical inference for financial models

Modeling the stock price development as a geometric Brownian motion or, more generally, as a stochastic exponential of a diffusion, requires the use of specific statistical methods. For instance, the observations seldom reach us in the form of a continuous record and we are led to infer about diffusion coefficients from discrete time data. Next, often the classical assumption that the volatility is constant has to be dropped. Instead, a range of various stochastic volatility models is formed by the limiting transition from known volatility models in discrete time towards their continuous time counterparts. These are the main topics of the present survey. It is closed by a quick look beyond the usual Gaussian world in continuous time modeling by allowing a Levy process to be the driving process.     

Some aspects of random permutation models in finite population sampling theory

Summary We first consider Neyman's optimum allocation of sample size to strata in the light of available auxiliary information for which a suitable random permutation model is assumed. For a special case of this model the allocation of the sample size reduces to the same as when a certain superpopulation regression model is assumed. Motivated by this, more generally, we discuss some optimality results under random permutation models and compare them with the corresponding results when a superpopulation regression model is assumed.     

Some aspects of bivariate regression subject to linear constraints

This paper considers a two-equation linear model when a subset of the parameters in one of the equations is subject to zero constraints. Inference procedures are presented both in the Bayesian and sampling theory framework. Specifically, posterior distributions and confidence distributions of the parameters, as well as various test procedures, are derived and illustrated with examples. The effect of the zero constraints on these procedures are discussed, and a comparison of the Bayesian with the sampling results is given.     

桂林市周边农村客运市场存在的主要问题和策略

目前,广西桂林市周边农村客运市场结构性问题较突出,主要表现在农民出行需求增加与农村客运发展相对滞后相矛盾,农村客运市场秩序混乱,农村公路状况普遍较差,基础设施薄弱,从业人员及农民交通安全意识薄弱等。为确保桂林市周边农村公路客运交通安全,运输管理部门要合理布局客运运力,优化车辆结构,强化行业管理,提高经营者素质,在禁止非客运车辆载客的同时,标本兼治,积极发展桂林市周边乡村公路客运业。     

Relative wage and unemployment changes in Poland: microeconometric evidence

We estimate changes in the Polish wage and unemployment structures between the years 1994 and 1998 in order to identify labour market characteristics associated with increasing and decreasing relative demand, as well as relative wage rigidities. The evidence shows that relative demand for workers with a low level of education decreased. Whereas relative wages for workers with basic vocational education also fell in this situation, relative wages of workers with only primary education did not, pointing to a relative wage rigidity for this group which faced an above-average unemployment risk throughout the observation period.