进口贸易对经济增长的影响分析

进口贸易在国民经济增长中的作用尚未引起到人们的高度重视。近年来．随着国际经济环境的变化和中国经济的发展,入们开始重新审视进口贸易对经济增长的作用。一国出口的目的最终是为了进口,出口是为了发挥本国优势,而进口则是为了充分利用他国的长处,只有进出口贸易的协调发展,才有本国经济的健康发展,才符合“以人为本”的发展战略。本文对我国进口贸易发展的现状及它对我国经济增长的作用进行了分析。     

70年中国对外贸易与经济增长的动态关系研究

在新中国成立70周年的背景下,准确识别中国对外贸易与经济增长的动态关联机制具有重要的现实意义。文章选取1952～2018年的年度样本数据,并通过构建非线性自回归分布滞后(NARDL)模型和具有随机波动率的时变参数向量自回归(SVTVP-VAR)模型测度进口、出口贸易和经济增长的长期非线性协整关系和短期动态关联机制。实证结果表明:第一,在长期均衡视角下,出口、进口贸易和产出具有显著的非线性协整关系,其中出口、进口贸易增加对产出的拉动作用小于其下降带来的抑制作用,并且出口贸易对产出的促进作用大于进口贸易。第二,在短期动态视角下,出口贸易上涨冲击在整个样本区间内对产出具有逐渐衰减的正向拉动效应,而进口贸易上涨冲击对产出起初具有正向促进效应,随后快速转为负向抑制效应,最后渐进地转为正向拉动效应。第三,在1978年实施改革开放、2001年加入世贸组织和2008年爆发美国金融危机等重要时间点上,出口贸易对经济增长表现出逐渐减弱的拉动效应,而进口贸易表现出稳步增加的促进效应。因此,为保持经济持续健康增长,中国应继续实施对外贸易结构优化升级战略,同时也应坚定实施创新驱动战略和扩大内需战略,以创新驱动代替过去的要素驱动,使经济发展更多依靠内需特别是消费需求拉动,逐步告别传统的发展模式,实现中国经济转型升级。     

天津市外商直接投资对进出口贸易影响的实证分析

本文利用天津1990-2009年的年度统计数据,运用相关分析和多元回归分析的方法分析了进出口贸易与外商直接投资之间的关系。研究结果表明．实际利用外商直接投资额对进出口贸易额均具有累积效应,同时对出口具有滞后效应。短期内．外商直接投资对天津的出口贸易具有替代效应;长期看,FDI对出口贸易具有明显的促进作用。实际利用外商直接投资额累计值对出口和进口均具有明显的带动效应,而对出口的作用多于进口。     

中国对俄罗斯及中亚国家直接投资的贸易效应研究——基于面板数据的实证分析

本文在分析中国对俄罗斯及中亚国家直接投资和进出口贸易发展的基础上,以俄罗斯和中亚五国为研究样本,利用2003年-2012年的面板数据分析了中国对俄罗斯及中亚国家直接投资与进出口贸易的关系。研究结果表明：中国对饿罗斯及中亚国家的直接投资均具有明显的出口促进效应,除塔吉克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦外也都具有进口促进效应;中国对饿罗斯及中亚国家直接投资的贸易效应存在较为明显的国别差异。造成这些差异的原因可能与俄罗斯及中亚国家在要素禀赋、中国对其投资行业结构、投资方式以及东道国自身投资自由度等方面的差异有关。     

浙江对外贸易结构与经济增长关系的协整分析

本文主要运用Johansen协整检验方法对浙江对外贸易结构与经济增长的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明,浙江省对外贸易与经济增长之间存在长期稳定关系。进一步分析表明,浙江进口贸易对经济增长的促进作用较大,加工贸易出口对经济增长的促进作用大于一般贸易出口对经济增长的作用,而外商投资企业出口对经济增长的作用强于国有企业出口和民营企业出口对经济增长的作用。     

“一带一路”沿线国家制度环境对中国出口效率的影响北大核心CSSCISSCI

中国出口贸易持续增长,需求拉动型出口对经济增长的贡献日益增强;需求方视角的进口国制度环境必然对我国出口贸易效率和贸易不确定性产生重要影响。文章利用随机前沿模型,以中国2006~2014年在"一带一路"沿线61个国家的出口经验为样本,考察中国对沿线国家的出口效率水平,以及"一带一路"沿线国家制度环境对出口效率和贸易不确定性的边际效应。实证结果显示,中国对沿线国家的出口效率均值为0.695;在市场规模较大、收入较低沿线国家的出口效率水平较高;积极同沿线国家达成区域贸易协定,并选择政府效率越高、民主程度较好、法律规则越规范的国家进行出口,这既有利于中国出口效率的提升,又有利于贸易不确定性的降低。     

“一带一路”沿线国家制度环境对中国出口效率的影响

中国出口贸易持续增长,需求拉动型出口对经济增长的贡献日益增强;需求方视角的进口国制度环境必然对我国出口贸易效率和贸易不确定性产生重要影响。文章利用随机前沿模型,以中国2006~2014年在"一带一路"沿线61个国家的出口经验为样本,考察中国对沿线国家的出口效率水平,以及"一带一路"沿线国家制度环境对出口效率和贸易不确定性的边际效应。实证结果显示,中国对沿线国家的出口效率均值为0.695;在市场规模较大、收入较低沿线国家的出口效率水平较高;积极同沿线国家达成区域贸易协定,并选择政府效率越高、民主程度较好、法律规则越规范的国家进行出口,这既有利于中国出口效率的提升,又有利于贸易不确定性的降低。     

国家标准、国际标准与中国对外贸易发展

运用误差修正模型,分析国家和国际标准对中国进出口贸易规模的影响显示,国家和国际标准量的增加对中国对外贸易规模均产生正面的作用。国家标准的颁布和实施促进了中国进出口贸易的发展,积极采用国际标准的影响更加显著,并且它们对于出口总额的正面影响都要大于对进口总额的影响。因此,进一步完善国家标准化体系建设、积极采用国际标准将有助于中国进出口贸易的发展。     

东道国腐败治理、基础设施建设与中国对外直接投资北大核心

中国对"一带一路"沿线国家的直接投资平稳增长,设施联通是共建"一带一路"的优先方向,沿线国家腐败治理对于吸引中国OFDI和东道国基础设施均有重要影响。本文拓展了中国OFDI对东道国基础设施的影响机制,分析了东道国腐败治理、中国OFDI对"一带一路"沿线国家基础设施的影响,利用2008-2017年63个"一带一路"国家的面板数据,采用OLS回归和2SLS回归,实证检验了东道国腐败治理程度对其基础设施吸引中国OFDI的影响,结果表明中国OFDI对"一带一路"国家的基础设施存在正向效应,该效应对以人均实际GDP表示的经济发展状况更敏感;东道国腐败治理越好,对其基础设施有正向促进效应,该效应对以GDP增长率表示的经济发展速度更敏感;东道国腐败治理越差,将会降低中国OFDI对其基础设施的正向促进效应。研究结论对发挥中国OFDI在"一带一路"国家的积极影响有一定的指导意义,对推进"一带一路"倡议有重要的政策参考价值。     

中巴经济走廊贯通对中国进出口贸易的影响——基于沿线国家产业层面数据的反事实模拟

中巴经济走廊作为"一带一路"战略的重要组成部分,其贯通将对中国与周边国家的货物贸易运输环节产生巨大冲击。文章依据中国与中巴经济走廊沿线贸易伙伴国的贸易数据,引入预计贸易增长空间与极限贸易增长空间两个测度指标,结合回归分析与反事实分析方法测算中巴经济走廊贯通将造成的经济效应。研究结果显示:运输距离对中国与伙伴国贸易活动的抑制作用明显,伙伴国人口总量与区域贸易协定在中国进出口贸易上具有"非对称"特征;中国进出口贸易均面临典型的非效率问题,其中进口层面的效率问题更为突出;中巴经济走廊贯通将使中国出口与进口的预计贸易增长空间提升19.4%与10.1%以上,若进一步释放现有贸易环境的潜力,中国出口与进口的极限贸易增长空间将分别得到26.3%~263.6%与14.6%~779.7%的提升。     

中国国防支出对经济贸易影响的实证研究

中国在一体化经济和军民融合的新时代背景下,研究国防支出对经济贸易的影响机制具有重要价值。通过对中国近三十年来国防支出对国内生产总值和对外进出口贸易的影响进行实证研究可以发现：中国的国防支出可以促进经济增长,而对外贸易能够促进国防支出增加且对外进口贸易对其影响增幅较大。同时,根据研究结论提出中国要稳步增加国防支出、优化出口贸易结构、加大产业科研投入、推动区域协调发展的政策建议。     

Global production networks and China's processing trade

This paper unveils a systematic pattern in China's processing trade. In a cross-section of Chinese provinces, the average distance traveled by processing imports (import distance) is negatively correlated to the average distance traveled by processing exports (export distance). To explain this pattern, we set up a three-country industry-equilibrium model in which heterogeneous firms from two advanced countries, East and West, sell their products in each other's markets. Each firm can use two modes to serve the foreign market. It can directly export its products from its home country. Alternatively, it can indirectly export to the foreign market by assembling its product in a third low-cost country, China, which is located in the vicinity of East. Our model establishes two theoretical predictions relating China's geographical location to its processing trade patterns. First, China's processing exports are negatively affected by both an increase in import distance and a rise in export distance. Second, China's processing exports to East Asian countries are more sensitive to export distance and less sensitive to import distance than its processing exports to non-Asian countries. We find empirical support for both predictions.     

跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（TPP）对中国经济的影响——基于GTAP模型的模拟评估

运用全球贸易分析模型（GTAP）,就跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（TPP）对中国经济可能产生的影响进行定量评估。模拟结果表明,TPP的建立对中国进出口贸易的影响有限,但会恶化中国的贸易条件,造成GDP和社会福利的下降。就具体产业部门而言,农业和食品加工业的产出将会减少。中国应依托“一带一路”,积极布局“一带一路”周边及沿线,构建全方位多领域的开放格局和国际合作新框架;加快实施国内自贸区战略,以开放倒逼改革。     

Remedy or Poison: Impacts of China's Outward Direct Investment on Its Exports

During the past decade, China's outward direct investment (ODI) and exports have experienced rapid growth, drawing increasing attention to the relationship between them. Using the gravity model based on panel data on China's ODI and trade to 174 countries and regions during 2003–2012, the present paper investigates the impacts of China's ODI on exports. We find that China's ODI to a host country significantly promotes China's trade with that economy: a 10‐percent increase in ODI stock can lead to a 2.14‐percent increase in exports, a 2.07‐percent increase in imports and a 2.87‐percent increase in net exports. The scale of the host country's economy, its infrastructure and its distance to China also have significant impacts on China's exports. Therefore, growth in ODI will facilitate China's trade and integration into the global economy, and enhance industrial upgrading in China by transferring the low‐end industries abroad.     

中国服务贸易进出口结构特征研究

基于2000—2018年中国贸易进出口数据,将服务贸易与商品贸易进行对比分析,从进口和出口两个角度研究中国服务贸易结构变化特征,并与服务贸易发达国家进行比较分析.结果表明:中国服务贸易占总体贸易比重偏低,服务贸易逆差额不断扩大;中国服务贸易出口结构渐趋优化,服务贸易进口结构则呈现两极分化的不平衡发展态势,运输、旅游等传统服务贸易依旧占据主体部分.因此,应高度重视国内服务业发展对服务贸易的基础性作用,优化服务贸易产业结构,扎实提升服务贸易国际竞争力,拓宽服务贸易合作新空间.     

The roles of cultural and institutional distance in international trade: Evidence from China's trade with the Belt and Road countries

Cultural distance and institutional distance have been playing increasingly significant roles in international trade. Recently, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed by China has drawn worldwide attention. This paper examines the roles of cultural distance and institutional distance in China's trade relationship with the Belt and Road (B&R) countries. We estimate the extended gravity model using bilateral trade data at product-level during 2002–2016 between China and 99 trading partners, 38 of which are along the Belt and Road. Using Poisson generalized estimating equations (GEE) econometric methods, we find that firstly, cultural distance and institutional distance inhibit China's bilateral trade with the Belt and Road countries. Secondly, China's bilateral trade with the B&R countries is more sensitive to the change of cultural distance than institutional distance by comparing their beta coefficients. Thirdly, compared to Asian countries on the Belt and Road, bilateral trade flows between China and European countries show less sensitivity to changes in cultural distance, except China's imports from its trading partners. While the trade effects of institutional distance show no difference between China's trade with European countries and Asian countries. Lastly, the announcement of BRI does reduce trade-inhibiting effect of cultural distance on China's trade with the Belt and Road countries, while increase China's exports sensitivity to institutional distance. This study finally suggests relevant cultural exchange driven by the BRI eventually assisting unimpeded trade and deepening the cooperation.     

中国与吉尔吉斯斯坦经贸合作的制约因素分析

近年来,中国与吉尔吉斯斯坦经贸合作稳定发展,但同时也存在许多制约两国开展经贸合作的不利因素：两国贸易发展不平衡、两国进出口商品结构单一、口岸建设滞后等。为此。本文提出应通过扩大进口、提高中国对吉国出口工业品的质量、加强口岸基础设施建设和发展口岸经济、增加对吉国的投资等措施来促进两国经贸的合作与发展。     

中美科技“脱钩”下高新技术产品进出口贸易的影响因素分析——基于20个国家和地区贸易数据的引力模型

近年来,中美关系收紧,美对华科技领域的遏制行为愈演愈烈。美国不仅对华高技术出口采取一系列的管制措施,还对自中国进口的高新技术产品做加征关税的限制。基于此,对中国高新技术产品的进出口贸易特征做深入研究,研究结果发现,中国高新技术产品的进出口结构比较单一。在主要伙伴国进出口贸易数据的基础上,利用引力模型对影响高新技术产品进出口的因素做进一步的实证研究。结果显示：国家创新力和对外开放度的提升对高新技术产品的出口均具有促进作用;且增加高新技术产品的出口有助于改变中国在外贸上大而不强的现状,提升在全球价值链中的地位。     

Reorganization of Intra‐ASEAN 5 Trade Flows: The ‘China Factor’*

There are claims that China's influence on ASEAN is direct in that she has encouraged more exports to flow into her huge markets and changed trade flows among member countries. Demand and supply are thus deemed to have become more China‐centered. This study therefore explores the plausibility of China as a ‘factor’ that influences bilateral intra‐ASEAN 5 trade flows through demand (exporting country) and supply (importing country). The results imply that China's integration in the region increases the size of the key ASEAN member economies export market. There is also no indication that import sourcing from China by ASEAN 5 countries reduces export expansion within the latter. The results accord with the fact that although China has become an important export destination and an import source for individual ASEAN 5 countries, this has not reduced intra‐ASEAN 5 trade.     

Can Cultural Affinity Promote Trade ? HSK Test Data from the Belt and Road Countries

As Chinese culture is “going out,” more and more non‐native Chinese speakers are beginning to study Mandarin and are taking the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) test. Mandarin has become a very important trade language for the Belt and Road countries. This paper uses the difference‐in‐difference model and the Mahalanobis distance and the nearest neighbor distance matching methods to study the internal relationship between culture “going out” and foreign trade. We find that cultural affinity is an important factor in promoting trade, and that the HSK project has expanded China's exports to the Belt and Road countries. Culture's promotion effect in Asia is stronger than that in Europe. Culture's promotion effect shows the characteristics of regional differences, a time‐lag and a fluctuating upward trend. Therefore, further enhancing the international influence of its culture would help China to find a new source of export growth.