城市规划中土地使用兼容性控制的探究

研究目的:探求城市土地使用兼容性控制的方法与途径,提高城市规划设计与管理的科学性和合理性.研究方法:理论研究、对比研究和系统分析方法.研究结果:分析了城市土地使用兼容性控制的重要作用,剖析了实际操作中面临的三个问题与困境,并从法规体系、控制重点和实际工作等方面提出了强化城市土地使用兼容性控制的若干方法与途径.研究结论:城市土地使用兼容性控制是一项复杂而系统的工作,必须从现状调研、规划设计、规划评审、规划实施、规划管理和公众监督等不同阶段,有针对性地开展土地使用兼容性控制与管理工作,真正实现城市规划与管理的动态控制.     

层叠用海兼容性评估方法与模型研究

本文阐述了层叠用海兼容性评估的指导思想,构建了层叠用海兼容性评估的指标体系,选取海域自然契合度、海域需求空间、海域使用情况、投资收益能力及海域资源环境承载力五个方面的指标,论证了层叠用海兼容性评估方法,引用层次分析法进行评价因子的筛选,建立层叠用海兼容性评估指标体系模型,选择层次分析法软件计算各指标的权重并进行层次单排序和综合排序,以及阐述了层叠用海兼容性评估的量化处理方法。之后选择青岛市胶州湾为实证对象,对胶州湾用海项目的兼容性进行了实证分析。     

城郊森林公园的旅游规划定位研究

从区域定位、市场定位、导向定位以及效益定位等方面对森林公园的旅游规划问题进行研究,指出森林公园旅游规划定位已违背森林公园的设立宗旨和社会服务功能的发挥,影响森林旅游的可持续发展。依据城郊森林公园的资源优势与区域特色,结合森林公园的战略使命和当今中国城市社会发展,提出城郊森林公园急需改进旅游规划定位,应立足城市旅游区域,重点满足本城市居民的休闲游憩需求,以社会效益为主体,秉持社会发展导向旅游规划,实现城市社会和谐发展的愿景。     

基于“反规划”理论视域下的森林公园综合体规划探讨

分析了森林公园综合体产生的动力机制,并与旅游综合体、森林公园在特征上的差异进行了对比。最后,提出将反规划理论引入森林公园综合体的规划中,核心问题是规划生态基础设施、划定基本生态控制线和测算旅游自然环境容量。     

2013年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2014年展望——土地利用与规划分报告

研究目的:总结2013年国内外土地利用与规划方面的研究进展,展望2014年国内研究趋势。研究方法:文献调研法。研究结果:2013年国外土地利用与规划研究侧重在土地利用动态监测、土地利用变化效应以及土地利用规划理念和方法等方面;国内研究主要集中在土地利用调查与动态监测、土地评价、土地利用变化效应和模拟以及土地利用规划编制和评估等方面。研究结论:构建国土空间规划体系、建立"生产、生活、生态"的"三生"空间分类、强化土地利用的生态环境保护和土地利用效率评价,将是2014年及未来土地利用与规划领域着重研究的方向。     

2014年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2015年展望——土地利用与规划分报告

研究目的:总结2014年国内外土地利用与规划方面的研究进展,展望2015年国内研究趋势。研究方法:文献调研法。研究结果:2014年国外研究主要集中在土地利用动态监测技术与方法、土地利用变化驱动因素与模拟、土地规划理念与技术、土地利用管理措施等方面;国内研究侧重在土地分类调查与监测技术、土地利用变化机制与效应、土地利用评价、规划协同与土地规划技术创新、土地利用管控策略等方面。研究结论:土地调查监测的理念与方法创新、土地利用生态环境保护、国土空间合理利用评价、国土空间规划理论体系完善和土地节约集约利用策略研究将是2015年及未来土地利用与规划领域着重研究的方向。     

卡卡杜国家公园的规划与管理及对我国森林公园发展的启示

卡卡杜国家公园是澳大利亚四大自然文化双遗产之一。阐述卡卡杜在整个澳大利亚国家公园网络中的地位、遗产价值、可持续旅游规划与管理,从而保证公园的可持续发展。分析我国森林公园发展中存在的问题,并提出卡卡杜国家公园的规划与管理模式对我国森林公园管理与发展的借鉴与启示。     

土地利用总体规划研究

论文从理论与实践两个方面对土地利用总体规划进行了系统研究。首先,通过对我国过去的土地利用规划理论与实践的分析,指出我国过去的土地利用规划存在着的明显的局限性,突出表现在两个方面:(1)规划的范围局限于农业或农村土地,(2)规划只是静态地表现未来土地利用的理想模式,而忽视了土地利用的过程。为此,作者提出了土地利用规     

森林公园游憩者恢复性知觉对休闲满意度的影响

基于福州国家森林公园实地调研与问卷调查的数据,采用因素分析法和回归分析法对森林公园游憩者恢复性知觉和休闲满意度之间的关系进行研究,揭示两者之间的影响机制。结果表明:森林公园游憩者的恢复性知觉对休闲满意度具有显著的正向影响,其中魅力性对休闲满意度的影响相对较弱;在恢复性知觉与休闲满意度之间的关系中,性别和访问频率没有表现出显著的调节作用。因此,在森林公园的改造更新和森林旅游产品的开发中,要注重营造空间的远离感、提升环境的延展性、提高空间的魅力性和增强环境与游憩者的兼容性,以提高游憩者的休闲满意度。     

城市交通与土地利用相互作用的优化整合探讨——以北京为例

随着国民经济的发展和城市化进程的加快,北京城市交通问题日益突出.城市交通与土地利用互为因果关系,造成目前北京城市交通和土地利用处于分离状态的原因在于规划、供地模式、土地利用等方面存在的问题.应建立城市总体规划、土地利用总体规划与交通规划相协调机制;实行土地储备,严格控制用地;对交通设施周边的土地节约集约利用;大力推进以公共交通为主导的交通模式,以实现北京城市交通和土地利用优化整合.     

Socioeconomic drivers of forest loss and fragmentation: A comparison between different land use planning schemes and policy implications

Forest loss and fragmentation, which generate various negative environmental and ecological consequences, have become widespread phenomena across the globe. Motivation to investigate the underlying drivers is essential for land use planning and policy decision making. This paper characterizes forest loss and fragmentation from 1979 to 2014 in the Ningbo region (China) using multitemporal satellite imageries and a set of landscape metrics (area-weighted mean patch area, edge density, area-weighted shape index, Euclidean nearest neighbor distance, effective mesh size and total area); and then quantifies the responsible socioeconomic drivers (economy, social activities, science and technology, culture and policy, demography) under different land use planning schemes (urban and non-urban) using multivariate linear regression. Results show that the two zones present identical trend of intensifying forest loss and fragmentation but differ in changing magnitude and speed. More specifically, forest loss and fragmentation in the non-urban planning zone occurs at a significantly higher pace and magnitude. For the urban planning zone, population pressure, economic growth and fruit consumption are the primary drivers of forest loss, while forest fragmentation is mainly driven by economic openness, cash crop consumption and environmental protection consciousness. For the non-urban planning zone, income increases, fruit consumption and infrastructure development are the primary drivers of forest loss, while infrastructure and tourism development are the major drivers of forest fragmentation. Besides, forest loss and fragmentation in the two zones are both heavily subjected to land use policy. The variance partitioning analysis highlights that the policy driver is the most influential one and economic driver also has strong effect on forest loss and fragmentation in the urban planning zone. For the non-urban planning zone, the influence of policy driver is the strongest and social activity is also very powerful. These results provide compelling evidence that land use planning fails to play an efficient role in protecting forest resources in the Ningbo region. The failure should be attributed to several issues associated with land use planning and forestry governance that widely exist in China. We finally propose some pertinent implications and suggestions for China’s land use planning and forest policy. This study is believed to advance the understanding of the socioeconomic drivers of forest loss and fragmentation. It therefore provides some new insights in land use policy.     

Is Oregon's land use planning program conserving forest and farm land? A review of the evidence

Planners have long been interested in understanding ways in which land use planning approaches play out on the ground and planning scholars have approached the task of evaluating such effects using a variety of methods. Oregon, in particular, has been the focus of numerous studies owing to its early-adopted and widely recognized statewide approach to farm and forest land protection and recent experiment with relaxation of that approach in 2004 with the passage of ballot Measure 37. In this paper we review research-based evidence regarding the forest and farm land conservation effects of Oregon land use planning. We document the evolution of methods used in evaluating state land use planning program performance, including trend analysis, indicator analysis, empirical models, and analysis of indirect effects on the economic viability of forestry and farming. We also draw on data documenting Measure 37 claims to consider the degree to which Measure 37 might have altered land use and development trends had its impacts not been tempered by a subsequent ballot measure – Measure 49. Finally, we provide a synthesis of the current state of knowledge and suggest opportunities for future research. Common to nearly all of the studies we reviewed was an acknowledgement of the difficulty in establishing causal relationships between land use planning and land use change given the many exogenous and endogenous factors involved. Despite these difficulties, we conclude that sufficient evidence does exist to suggest that Oregon's land use planning program is contributing a measurable degree of protection to forest and farm land in the state.     

Analysing outdoor airflow and pollution as a parameter to assess the compatibility of mass-scale low-cost residential development

Land use compatibility has always remained an integrally crucial factor for city development. Traditional contentious theories integrating land use planning principles, demand-oriented market development and industry-induced air pollution regulations have debated the adjacency of residential and industrial land uses. However, in the event of inevitable and unprecedented urbanization, where land shortage has compelled cities to expand towards the industrial peripheries, low-income resettlement planning turns evident. However, this process turns detrimental when land use incompatibility affects newly settled population. Adjacent industrial pollution degrades health and liveability, ultimately forcing the population to vacate the housing and recur poverty recycling phenomenon. This study aims to assess micro-level land-use compatibility from health and liveability viewpoint using environment-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis as a surrogate measurement technique. It is assumed that if site-based ventilation potential and airflow assessment can be performed at early design for site-selection and post-construction stages for rational retrofitting, it would deliver a liveable environment to the low-income inhabitants. While industrial development is irresistible, this study focused on environment-sensitive built-environment planning, utilising aerodynamically potential morpho-metrics of urban form density, inter-building gaps and integrated open spaces. Simulated results demonstrated that while existing built-environment planning failed to deliver improved ventilation, the simulation-based approach of iterated built-environment designs created air channelling and pollutant transport paths, thus reducing the air pollution stagnancy quotient. This study, by applying a system-driven methodological approach aided in bridging the knowledge gaps of micro-level land use compatibility assessment from environmental perspective and health viewpoint.     

基于文献计量分析的中国森林公园文化建设研究评述

以中国知识基础设施工程(CNKI)数据库为数据源,通过Note Express软件,分别从文献发表时间及数量、文献类型、研究人员、研究机构、刊登期刊以及关键词6个方面对我国森林公园文化建设领域的相关文献进行统计。结果表明:(1)2013年以后,我国森林公园文化建设研究进入快速发展时期,但2018年研究成果较少;(2)规划院和高校是森林公园文化建设的主要研究机构,林业类期刊对森林公园文化建设研究关注度最高,但森林公园文化建设研究亟需与其他学科融合;(3)生态文化、森林文化、地域文化是森林公园文化建设的研究热点,研究方向比较陈旧。针对以上研究结果,提出了强化研究;加强交流、兼收并蓄和结合时代推进创新的建议。     

规划情景约束下山地丘陵区土地利用空间格局模拟*——以重庆市綦江区为例

[目的]以重庆市綦江区为研究对象,通过模拟预测2010—2020年规划调控影响下研究区的土地利用空间格局变化特征,以期为目标情景下土地利用规划的空间实施提供技术支持。[方法]文章通过构建Dyna-CLUE模型分别模拟研究区在自然增长和规划约束引导下的土地利用空间格局,并对照自然情景进而分析规划约束下土地利用空间格局的表现特征。[结果]比较AutoLogistic模型与传统Logistic模型回归结果发现,除建设用地外,其他地类的ROC值都有显著提升;对比两种情景模拟结果发现,到2020年,研究区内耕地、农村居民点、未利用地较自然情景显著减少,林地、园地显著增加,城镇建设用地增长规模较自然增长情景减少171.86hm~2;规划情景约束下,2010—2015年研究区地类转移以耕地转建设用地为主,2015—2020年以耕地转林地为主,耕地转建设用地次之,再次为农村居民点转耕地。[结论]Dyna-CLUE模型模拟中,运用添加自相关因子的AutoLogistic模型代替传统Logistic模型进行空间驱动力分析,能够显著提升模型模拟精度;规划约束下,退耕还林、农村居民点复垦和农业结构调整等工作的开展是耕地减少、林园地显著增加,建设用地规模得以控制的重要原因;退耕还林成果在规划约束情景中得到较好体现,表明规划目标对于引导土地利用空间格局定向变化有重要作用,但是丘陵山地的耕地减少态势也需得到足够重视,建议推进耕地产能建设从而协调生态保护与粮食安全间的用地需求。     

钱江源国家公园自然资源统一管理路径探索

《建立国家公园体制总体方案》中提出“国家公园内全民所有自然资源资产应该占主体地位”。由于土地权属复杂,自然资源统一管理成为我国国家公园体制试点建设的难点问题之一。钱江源国家公园在试点期间,通过探索和分析租赁、置换、合作等方式,对比国内外国家公园地役权制度优劣,构建了适合本地特点的集体林地地役权改革制度,即在不改变森林、林木、林地权属的基础上,通过一定的经济补偿,限制权属所有者的行为,将其使用权和管理权通过各项决议和合同形式授权给国家公园管理机构。通过集体林地地役权改革实现了对自然资源的统一管控,不仅解决了国家公园建设中集体林占比较高的难题,同时还带来了显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,为集体土地占比较高的东部经济发达地区构建互促共赢的可持续发展模式提供了示范经验。     

Dynamic land use and land cover changes and their effect on forest resources in a coastal village of Matemwe,Zanzibar, Tanzania

Recent land cover change estimates show overall decline of tropical forests at the regional and global scales caused by multiple social, cultural and economic factors. There is an overall concern on the prevailing land use practices, such as shifting cultivation and extraction of forest materials as agents of forests losses, but also new, emerging land uses are threatening tropical forests. Understanding of the long-term development and driving forces of forest changes are needed, especially at local levels where many decisions on forest policies and land uses are made. This paper addresses the importance of such information for improved estimates of forest dynamics by studying local level land cover and land use changes during the last 50–70 years in the Eastern African tropical island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. The paper discusses the role of traditional and new land uses mainly subsistence farming, tourism and government interference through tree planting, in the long-term development of the forests at the village level. The material for the study is gathered from the interpretation of archival maps and aerial photographs combined with contemporary digital aerial photographs. The analyses are based on the mapping, spatial sampling and spatio-temporal change trajectory analysis (LCTA) of forest land cover, forest land uses and settlement patterns with GIS and statistics. Six distinct forest land cover change trajectories were identified and these illustrate dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the forests. Closed forest cover has dominated throughout due to cyclical land use patterns, but over 70% of the land area has been continuously transforming between closed, semi-open and open land cover conditions. Land use turnover rates indicate that hardly any forest areas are left untouched from the forces, which remove and re-establish forest vegetation in the long run. Land cover and land use change trajectories are spatially fragmented in the studied landscape. Majority of forest loss-gain dynamics is caused by shifting cultivation, while forest losses are most dramatic along the coast, where traditional and new land uses meet and land uses pressures are highest. The study suggests that landscape change trajectory analyses, where contemporary and historical information on land uses and land cover changes are spatially linked, can provide valuable aspects into local level forest land use planning and management strategies. For the case study, the findings suggest the following key forest management strategies for consideration: (1) establishment of a protected forest/scrubland in participation with the local stakeholders, especially the farmers, (2) promotion of areas for permanent agricultural practices, while simultaneously introducing management controls in the traditional slash-and-burn farming areas, and (3) promoting new livelihood opportunities for the farmers, who have traditionally been dependent on forest resources, meanwhile introducing alternatives for fuel wood for cooking.     

国家农业科技园区土地利用态势分析——以全国36个国家级农业科技园区为例

从土地科学和农业经济科学视角出发,探讨我国国家农业科技园区的运行机制和园区内部核心区、示范区和辐射区三大结构的土地利用规模状况;同时,评价分析了国家农业科技园区土地利用的经济、社会和生态效益状况;最后,提出国家农业科技园土地利用的相关政策建议,引导土地资源的可持续利用.     

Land use planning in Canada: An overview of the forestry aspects

Forested land occupies 44% of Canada. Forestry activities contribute more to the balance of payments than the combined total trade of farm products, food, beverages, metals and the auto industries. Despite the significance of forestry in the federal and provincial economies of Canada, forest and land use planning strategies have not played a major role until very recently. Traditionally, Canada's forests were regarded as limitless, requiring no skills other than to manage logging and roadbuilding operations. Today land use planning strategies have recognized the need for reliable data about the forest, and forest land tenures in Canada are being (or have recently been) revised in most provinces.