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1.
This study examined experimentally the effect of retaliation strength and accounting students’ level of moral reasoning, on
their propensity to blow the whistle (PBW) when faced with a serious wrongdoing. Fifty-one senior accounting students enrolled
in an auditing course offered by a large New Zealand university participated in the study. Participants responded to three
hypothetical whistle-blowing scenarios and completed an instrument that measured moral reasoning (Welton et al., 1994, Accounting Education. International Journal (Toronto, Ont.)
3(1), 35–50) on one of two conditions – i.e., strong or weak retaliation for whistle-blowing. Consistent with the results of
Arnold and Ponemon (1991, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory
10, 1–15) this study found that the strength of retaliation and participants’ moral reasoning level positively affected their
PBW. Unlike results reported in Arnold and Ponemon (1991, Auditing; A Journal of Practice and Theory
10, 1–15) a significant interaction effect of moral reasoning level and retaliation on participants’ PBW was not found. However,
results showed that a participant’s gender has a significant effect on the relationship between his or her moral reasoning
level and PBW. These results support the need to improve ethical awareness through accounting education and to increase protection
for whistle-blowing (Miceli 2004, Journal of Management Inquiry
13, 364–366). Furthermore, many participants found it difficult to take a stand when serious wrongdoing is discovered. Therefore,
policymakers must exercise caution when placing heavy reliance on whistle-blowing, especially when whistle-blower protection
processes are complex and not easily accessible, and processes to facilitate whistle-blowing may vary substantially between
public and private sector organizations (Scholtens, 2003, Review of the operation of the Protected Disclosures Act 2000: Report to the Minister of State Services). 相似文献
2.
This study provides an additional partial test of the Hunt–Vitell theory [1986, Journal of Macromarketing, 8, 5–16; 1993, ‘The General Theory of Marketing Ethics: A Retrospective and Revision’, in N. C. Smith and J. A. Quelch (eds.),
Ethics in Marketing (Irwin Inc., Homewood), pp. 775–784], within the consumer ethics context. Using structural equation modeling, the relationships
among an individual’s personal values (conceptualized by the typology of Schwartz [1992, ‘Universals in the Content and Structure
of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries’, in M. P. Zanna (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 25, Academic Press, Orlando), pp. 1–65] ethical ideology and ethical beliefs are investigated. The validity of the
model is assessed in a two-step procedure. First, a measurement model of constructs is tested for key validity dimensions.
Next, the hypothesized causal relationships are examined in several path models, comparing no mediation, partial and complete
mediation of ethical ideology. The empirical results indicate that individual differences in value priorities (resultant conservation
and resultant self-enhancement) directly and indirectly (through idealism) influence the judgment of ethically questionable
consumer practices. These findings may significantly contribute to the theoretical understanding of ethical decision-making. 相似文献
3.
Andersen and the Market for Lemons in Audit Reports 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Previous accounting ethics research berates auditors for ethical lapses that contribute to the failure of Andersen (e.g.,
Duska, R.: 2005, Journal of Business Ethics
57, 17–29; Staubus, G.: 2005, Journal of Business Ethics
57, 5–15; however, some of the blame must also fall on regulatory and professional bodies that exist to mitigate auditors’ ethical
lapses. In this paper, we consider the ethical and economic context that existed and facilitated Andersen’s failure. Our analysis
is grounded in Akerlof’s (1970, Quarterly Journal of Economics
August, 488–500) Theory of the Market for Lemons and we characterize the market for audit reports as a market for lemons. Consistent
with Akerlof’s model, we consider the appropriateness of the countervailing mechanisms that existed at the time of Andersen’s
demise that appeared to have effectively failed in counteracting Andersen’s ethical shortcomings. Finally, we assess the appropriateness
of the remedies proposed by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOA) to ensure that similar ethical lapses will not occur in the
future. Our analysis indicates that the SOA regulatory reforms should counteract some of the necessary conditions of the Lemons
Model, and thereby mitigate the likelihood of audit failures. However, we contend that the effectiveness of the SOA critically
depends upon the focus and attention of the␣Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) towards assessing the ethical
climates of public accounting firms. Assessments by the PCAOB of public accounting firm’s ethical climate are needed to sufficiently
ensure that public accounting firms effectively promote and maintain audit quality in situations where unconscious bias or
economic incentives may erode the public accounting firm’s independence. 相似文献
4.
Robert W. Kolodinsky Timothy M. Madden Daniel S. Zisk Eric T. Henkel 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,91(2):167-181
Four predictors were posited to affect business student attitudes about the social responsibilities of business, also known
as corporate social responsibility (CSR). Applying Forsyth’s (1980, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
39, 175–184, 1992, Journal of Business Ethics
11, 461–470) personal moral philosophy model, we found that ethical idealism had a positive relationship with CSR attitudes,
and ethical relativism a negative relationship. We also found materialism to be negatively related to CSR attitudes. Spirituality
among business students did not significantly predict CSR attitudes. Understanding the relationship between CSR attitudes
and the significant predictors has important implications for researchers and teachers in particular. 相似文献
5.
Lapses in ethical conduct by those in corporate and public authority worldwide have given business researchers and practitioners
alike cause to re-examine the antecedents to personal ethical values. We explore the relationship between ethical values and
an individual’s long-term orientation or LTO, defined as the degree to which one plans for and considers the future, as well
as values traditions of the past. Our study also examines the role of work ethic and conservative attitudes in the formation
of a person’s long-term orientation and consequent ethical beliefs. Empirically testing these hypothesized relationships using
data from 292 subjects, we find that long-term perspectives on tradition and planning indeed engender higher levels of ethical
values. The results also support work ethic’s role in fostering tradition and planning, as well as conservatism’s positive
association with planning. Additionally, we report how tradition and planning mediate the influence of conservatism and work
ethic on the formation of ethical values. Limitations of the study and future research directions, as well as implications
for business managers and academics, are also discussed.
Jennifer L. Nevins is an assistant professor of marketing in the Walker College of Business at Appalachian State University.
Her articles have been published in journals such as Journal of the Academy of the Marketing Science and Journal of Business
Research.Her research interests include export marketing, distribution channels, and the influence of cultural values on international
channel relationships.
William O.Bearden is the Bank of America Chaired Professor of marketing in the Moore School of Business at the University
of South Carolina. His articles have been published in journals such as journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,
and Journal of Retailing. His research interests include consume perception of value and prices,measurement of consumer and marketing constructs, and
the effects of marketplace Promotions.
R.Bruce Money is the Donald Staheli Fellow and associate professor of marketing and international business in the Marriott
School of Management, Brigham Young university. His articles have been published in journals such as Journal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of International Business Studies, and Sloan Mangement Review. His research interests include the international aspects of national culture’s measurment and effects, business-to-business
marketing, word-of-mouth promotion, services marketing, and negotiation.
“It appears many executives based their business decisions on how they could quickly build, and then protect, their own personal
fortunes – and cared less about the long-term growth and profitability of their company.” – Associated Press
(Clendenning, 2002) on the Enron collapse 相似文献
6.
This is a study that investigated the extent of use of the three principles of ethics – utility, morality, and justice – in
managerial ethical decision making, in addition to the personal attitude towards them. It involved undergraduate and graduate
business students (total N=163) from the Olayan School of Business in the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. Two kinds of measurements were done:
self assessment, and testing with the Saschkin’ s Managerial Value Profile (1997). It showed that morality was the overriding
ethical principle used, especially in the graduate group (professionals). Business students still believed in the justice
system despite the weakness of the country’s law. Utility was the least used, although males were found to be more utilitarian
than females. Finally there was no relation between personal attitudes toward the three ethical principles, and the intentional
behavior when faced with ethical dilemmas. The findings were discussed and recommendations were given. 相似文献
7.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Theory and Practice in a Developing Country Context 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
After providing an overview of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research in different contexts, and noting the varied
methodologies adopted, two robust CSR conceptualizations – one by Carroll (1979, ‘A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of
Corporate Performance’, The Academy of Management Review
4(4), 497–505) and the other by Wood (1991, ‘Corporate Social Performance Revisited’, The Academy of Management Review
16(4), 691–717) – have been adopted for this research and their integration explored. Using this newly synthesized framework,
the research critically examines the CSR approach and philosophy of eight companies that are considered active in CSR in the
Lebanese context. The findings suggest the lack of a systematic, focused, and institutionalized approach to CSR and that the
understanding and practice of CSR in Lebanon are still grounded in the context of philanthropic action. The findings are qualified
within the framework of existing contextual realities and relevant implications drawn accordingly.
Dr. Jamali is Assistant Professor of Management at the Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut. She holds
a BA in Public Administartion from the American University of Beirut, and a Ph.D. in Social Policy and Administration, from
the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK. Her research interests encompass corporate social responsibility, public private
partnerships, learning organizations and women issues. She worked as an expert consultant on projects funded by the World
Bank, the US Agency for International Development, NGOs, and other regional and local public and private firms. She is the
author of numerous studies and international peer reviewed publications in various international journals, including the Journal
of Management Development, the International Journal of Public Sector Management, the International Journal of Quality and
Reliability Management, Business Process Management Journal, Public Works, Management and Policy and Women in Management Review.
Ramez Mirshak Graduated with honors from the American University in Cairo (AUC) with a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
in February 2001, then worked for two years in Egypt in the field of marketing and management. In 2004–2005, pursued his Masters
of Business Administration at the American University of Beirut (AUB), researching primarily issues relating to change management
and corporate social responsibility under the supervision of Dr. Dima Jamali, then joined a leading international financial
institution as a regional Management Associate, while maintaining links with AUB and working on several research based projects. 相似文献
8.
Knapp 17 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung bleiben die ostdeutschen L?nder wirtschaftlich noch immer hinter Westdeutschland
zurück. Wurden schon von Beginn an Fehler gemacht? Welche wirtschaftspolitischen Schlussfolgerungen sind aus einer Bilanz
des Vereinigungsprozesses zu ziehen? Welche Strukturunterschiede gibt es zwischen West- und Ostdeutschland? Wie sieht die
demografische Lage in den neuen Bundesl?ndern aus? Zu diesen Fragen fand vom 16. bis 17. M?rz 2007 eine Tagung der Akademie
für Politische Bildung Tutzing in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) statt. Die folgenden Beitr?ge
sind schriftliche Fassungen der dort gehaltenen Vortr?ge.
Die Autoren unseres Zeitgespr?chs:
Prof. Dr. Ullrich Heilemann*, 62, ist Direktor des Institutes für Empirische Wirtschaftsforschung (IEW) der Universit?t Leipzig.
Dr. Klaus Günter Deutsch**, 42, ist Mitarbeiter der Deutsche Bank Research – Büro Berlin Deutsche Bank AG.
Dr. Joachim Ragnitz, 46, ist Leiter der Abteilung Struktur?konomik des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH).
Dr. Nicola Hülskamp, 32, ist Mitarbeiterin des Instituts der Deutschen Wirtschaft K?ln.
* Vortrag unter dem Titel „Wirtschaft Ost – Nachwirkungen der Vergangenheit und Fehler im Vereinigungsprozess“ im Rahmen der
von der Akademie für Politische Bildung Tutzing und dem IWH Halle veranstalteten Tagung „Der Traum vom Aufbau Ost: ?konomie
als Triebfeder der Einheit?“ am 16./17. M?rz 2007 in Tutzing. – Für kritische Anmerkungen bin ich Herrn Dr. Manfred Wegner
als Korreferent dankbar.
** Der Text beruht auf der Studie von DB Research: Perspektiven Ostdeutschlands – 15 Jahre danach, Aktuelle Themen Nr. 306,
Frankfurt am Main, 2004, 10. November 2004. Siehe auch erg?nzend zur Entwicklung in Berlin und Brandenburg DB Research: Perspektiven
wichtiger Branchencluster in Berlin/Brandenburg, Aktuelle Themen Nr. 318, Frankfurt am Main, 1.4.2005. 相似文献
9.
Channel alliance is regarded as the most advanced form of channel relationships. The extant literature mainly focuses on commitment,
trust, communication and cooperation as influencing factors of channel alliance relationship. This paper empirically explores
influencing factors of channel alliance relationship in Chinese enterprises, and their respective degrees of influence, particularly
those of personal relationship and government administrative factors. Research hypotheses were tasted based on a survey of
automobile vendors and dealers. Three most important influencing factors were identified “commitment and trust”, “communication
and cooperation”, and “returns”.
__________
Translated from Nankai Guanli Pinglun 南开管理评论 (Nankai Business Review), 2006, 6(1): 42–48 相似文献
10.
A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fresh Perspective into Theory and Practice 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dima Jamali 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(1):213-231
11.
Maria May Seitanidi Dimitrios N. Koufopoulos Paul Palmer 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,97(1):139-158
Despite their ethical intentions, ethically minded consumers rarely purchase ethical products (Auger and Devinney: 2007, Journal of Business Ethics
76, 361–383). This intentions–behaviour gap is important to researchers and industry, yet poorly understood (Belk et al.: 2005, Consumption, Markets and Culture
8(3), 275–289). In order to push the understanding of ethical consumption forward, we draw on what is known about the intention–behaviour
gap from the social psychology and consumer behaviour literatures and apply these insights to ethical consumerism. We bring
together three separate insights – implementation intentions (Gollwitzer: 1999, American Psychologist
54(7), 493–503), actual behavioural control (ABC) (Ajzen and Madden: 1986, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
22, 453–474; Sheeran et al.: 2003, Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 393–410) and situational context (SC) (Belk: 1975, Journal of Consumer Research
2, 157–164) – to construct an integrated, holistic conceptual model of the intention–behaviour gap of ethically minded consumers.
This holistic conceptual model addresses significant limitations within the ethical consumerism literature, and moves the
understanding of ethical consumer behaviour forward. Further, the operationalisation of this model offers insight and strategic
direction for marketing managers attempting to bridge the intention–behaviour gap of the ethically minded consumer. 相似文献
12.
In the past thirty years, it has been claimed that Republicans tend to favor relatively restrictive monetary policy while
Democrats favor relatively accommodative monetary policy. Another claim is that, regardless of which political party is in
power, monetary policy tends to be relatively restrictive during the first two years of an administration and relatively accommodative
during its final two years. The present paper finds an absence of empirical evidence supporting either claim by restricting
the sample period to the past quarter century (1982–2006). The depoliticization of monetary policy decisions probably reflects,
among other factors, both the post-1970s new-Keynesian consensus in macroeconomic theory and the realization of political
independence of the Federal Reserve System during the Volcker-Greenspan years.
Editor’s note: After this article was submitted and accepted for publication by Business Economics, Mr. Tempelman took a position with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The views expressed are strictly those of the author
and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. 相似文献
13.
Of recent time, there has been a proliferation of concerns with ethical leadership within corporate business not least because of the numerous scandals at Enron, Worldcom, Parmalat, and two major Irish banks – Allied Irish Bank (AIB) and National Irish Bank (NIB). These have not only threatened the position of many senior corporate managers but also the financial survival of some of the companies over which they preside. Some authors have attributed these scandals to the pre-eminence of a focus on increasing shareholder value in Western business schools and/or to their failure to inculcate ethical standards. In this paper, we challenge these accounts and the aetiological view of knowledge from which they derive but are grateful for the consensus that they convey regarding the importance of business ethics. The paper focuses on different approaches to ethical leadership concluding with a view that some hybrid of MacIntyre’s virtue ethics and Levinas’s ethics of responsibility may serve as an inspiration for both educators and practitioners.
Dr. David Knights is a Professor of Organisational Analysis in the School of Economic and Management Studies at Keele University. He previously held chairs in Manchester, Nottingham and Exeter Universities. He is a founding and continuing editor of the journal Gender, Work and Organisation and his most recent books include: Management Lives, Sage, 1999 (with H. Willmott) and Organization and Innovation, McGraw-Hill, 2003 (with D. McCabe).
Majella O’Leary is a Lecturer in Management at the University of Exeter. Her research interests include corporate scandals, ethical leadership, disaster sensemaking, and organizational storytelling. Majella’s most recent publications have appeared in Human Relations and European Journal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
14.
The importance of personal connections and relationships, or guanxi when doing business with the Chinese is widely acknowledged amongst Western academics and business managers alike. However,
aspects of guanxi-related behaviours in the workplace are often misunderstood by Westerners with some going so far as to equate guanxi with forms of corruption. This study extends earlier study of Tan and Snell: 2002, Journal of Business Ethics
41(December), 361–384) in its investigation of the underlying modes of moral reasoning in ethical decisions relating to aspects
of guanxi, amongst Hong Kong managers. Managers’ ethical judgements and underlying moral reasoning relating to a series of guanxi-related behaviours were recorded. Content analysis yielded categories that correspond with categories of moral reasoning
described in Kohlberg’s (1969, Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research, Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 347–480) model. As hypothesised, it was found that harsher ethical evaluations of guanxi-related behaviours were positively correlated with the stage of moral reasoning. The most common types of reasoning were
those corresponding to Kohlberg’s stages four and five which relate to moral reasoning based on law and order, and on reason
rather than emotion. Stage 6, concerned with more universalistic approaches to moral reasoning, was utilised considerably
less, consistent with popularly held beliefs of the relativistic nature of Chinese ethics. 相似文献
15.
Recent financial fraud legislation such as the Dodd–Frank Act and the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (U.S. House of Representatives, Dodd-Frank
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, [H.R. 4173], 2010; U.S. House of Representatives, The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, Public Law 107-204 [H.R. 3763], 2002) relies heavily on whistleblowers for enforcement, and offers protection and incentives for whistleblowers. However, little
is known about many aspects of the whistleblowing decision, especially the effects of contextual and wrongdoing attributes
on organizational members’ willingness to report fraud. We extend the ethics literature by experimentally investigating how
the nature of the wrongdoing and the awareness of those surrounding the whistleblower can influence whistleblowing. As predicted,
we find that employees are less likely to report: (1) financial statement fraud than theft; (2) immaterial than material financial
statement fraud; (3) when the wrongdoer is aware that the potential whistleblower has knowledge of the fraud; and (4) when
others in addition to the wrongdoer are not aware of the fraud. Our findings extend whistleblowing research in several ways.
For instance, prior research provides little evidence concerning the effects of fraud type, wrongdoer awareness, and others’
awareness on whistleblowing intentions. We also provide evidence that whistleblowing settings represent an exception to the
well-accepted theory of diffusion of responsibility. Our participants are professionals who represent the likely pool of potential
whistleblowers in organizations. 相似文献
16.
The initial purpose of this study is to provide an empirical validation of Victor and Cullen’s ethical-climate model (1987,
Frederick (ed.), Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, Vol. 9, pp. 51–71; 1988, Administrative Science Quarterly
33, 101–125; 1990, Frederick and Preston (eds.), Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (JAI Press Inc., Greenwich, Connecticut), pp. 77–97). Testing the model on a sample of Danish firms, this study demonstrates
that the empirical model as suggested by Victor and Cullen is much stronger than suggested by previous research. Based on
a confirmatory factor model, the results of this study suggest a revised ethical structure. Especially a sixth dimension –
own interest – is separated from the original instrumental dimension. Further, this study suggests that the ethical-climate
model can be enhanced with the dimension of autonomy deriving from Koys and DeCotiis’ (1991, Human Relations
44(3), 265–285.) dimensional psychological climate instrument. 相似文献
17.
María del Carmen Triana Kwanghyun Kim María Fernanda García 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(2):333-342
Using the scope of justice perspective (Deutsch in J Soc Issues 31(3):137–149, 1975; Opotow in Conflict, cooperation, and justice: essays inspired by the work of Morton Deutsch, 1995, J Soc Issues 52:19–24, 1996), we examined whether and how the relationship between perceived discrimination against minorities at work (i.e., racial
minorities and females) and citizenship behavior toward minorities can be modified by personal value for diversity. Based
on a survey of 173 employees, unexpectedly, we found a negative relationship between perceived discrimination against minorities
at work and citizenship behavior toward minorities. However, consistent with our expectations and the scope of justice, we
found that the negative relationship was attenuated for those high in personal value for diversity. 相似文献
18.
Jerry M. Calton 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,68(3):329-346
This paper applies Wempe’s (2005, Business Ethics Quarterly
15(1), 113–135) boundary conditions that define the external and internal logics for contractarian business ethics theory, as a system of argumentation for evaluating current or prospective institutional arrangements for arriving at the “good life,” based on the principles and practices of social justice. It does so by showing that a more dynamic, process-oriented, and pluralist ‘dialogic twist’ to Donaldson and Dunfee’s (2003, ‘Social Contracts: sic et non’, in P. Heugens, H. van Oosterhout and J. Vromen (eds.), The Social Institutions of Capitalism: Evolution and Design of Social Contracts (Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd.) pp. 109–126; 1999, Ties that Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics (Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press); 1995, Economics and Philosophy
11(1), 85–112; 1994, Academy of Management Review
19(2), 252–284.) integrated social contracting theory (ISCT) of economic ethics will further develop this promising and influential approach to moral reasoning, ethical decision-making, and stakeholder governance. This evolutionary, interactive learning-based model of ethical norm generation via dialogic stakeholder engagement is particularly appropriate within economic communities that are experiencing value conflict and pressures for institutional change.Jerry M. Calton is Professor of Management at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. His research interests encompass multi-stakeholder learning dialogue, trust-based network governance, and the social contracting approach to ethical decision-making. His publications have appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Business & Society, Business Ethics Quarterly, the Journal of Corporate Citizenship, and elsewhere. 相似文献
19.
An empirical study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (King, L. A. and C. K. Nappa: 1998, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
75(1), 156–165) concludes that people generally believe meaning and happiness are essential elements of the good life, whereas
money is relatively unimportant. Yet, the authors also state that although “we do know what it takes to make a good life...we
still behave as if we did not.” The authors are suggesting that despite a general belief that money is relatively unimportant
in creating happiness, many people continue to focus their behaviors on increasing income and wealth. This is the classic
conflict between the folk wisdom that money cannot buy happiness, on the one hand, and a continued focus by many people on
achieving material success on the other. The issue is of particular importance to business professionals, not only because
profit maximization is the central focus of business, but also because college students often pursue business as a profession
for the express purpose of maximizing personal income and wealth. In the business world a focus on personal financial success
is the norm. Wealth and income are honored. The purpose of this article is to critically analyze psychological studies comparing
happiness and financial success. The results are then contrasted with philosophical wisdom and religious writings comparing
happiness and money. The intent is to determine whether psychological studies provide incremental insights into the connection
between financial success and happiness.
Kent Swift PhD, is a professor in the College of Business Sciences at Zayed University. He has been teaching business at both
the undergraduate and graduate level in science 1978, and he has published articles on a variety of business topics. Dr. Swift
received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. 相似文献
20.
Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Ratings by Spanish Listed Firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carmelo Reverte 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(2):351-366
The aim of this paper is to analyze whether a number of firm and industry characteristics, as well as media exposure, are
potential determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure practices by Spanish listed firms. Empirical studies
have shown that CSR disclosure activism varies across companies, industries, and time (Gray et al., Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal
8(2), 47–77, 1995; Journal of Business Finance & Accounting
28(3/4), 327–356, 2001; Hackston and Milne, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal
9(1), 77–108, 1996; Cormier and Magnan, Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting
1(2), 171–195, 2003; Cormier et al., European Accounting Review
14(1), 3–39, 2005), which is usually justified by reference to several theoretical constructs, such as the legitimacy, stakeholder,
and agency theories. Our findings evidence that firms with higher CSR ratings present a statistically significant larger size
and a higher media exposure, and belong to more environmentally sensitive industries, as compared to firms with lower CSR
ratings. However, neither profitability nor leverage seem to explain differences in CSR disclosure practices between Spanish
listed firms. The most influential variable for explaining firms’ variation in CSR ratings is media exposure, followed by
size and industry. Therefore, it seems that the legitimacy theory, as captured by those variables related to public or social
visibility, is the most relevant theory for explaining CSR disclosure practices of Spanish listed firms. 相似文献