关于推进税收立法 完善税法体系的思考

关于推进税收立法完善税法体系的思考汤贡亮一、１９９４年税制改革以来我国税法体系建设的成效和当前仍需解决的主要问题根据“统一税法、公平税负、简化税制、合理分权”的指导思想，经过３年来的改革实践，我国已初步建立起基本适应社会主义市场经济发展要求的税制和税...     

关于建立科学的税收征管模式的研究

我国在税收征管存在的主要问题有：税法宣传不够，纳税人的纳税意识不强；征管范围划分模糊．税务管理机构设置不科学，漏征漏管、税款流失严重；征收程序和手段相对落后；地方税管理权过于集中；地方税务代理不规范，不利于实施分税制。科学的税收征管模式应是：建立科学的申报制度；严格规范税务代理；建立计算机网络征管体系；强化税务稽查；建立群众性协税、护税监控体系。     

新会计准则与税法中收入和资产处理差异分析

会计准则和税法的差异已成为当前税收征管和会计工作中的一个暨待解决的问题。它关系到我国会计体系的建立、健全和税制的完善。会计和税法的差异从会计和税制的改革开始就产生了。以我国新会计准则和现行税法为依据,系统地分析了我国新会计准则和税法中的收入和资产的处理差异。     

征管改革呼唤税法宣传服务体系的建立

新的税收征管改革模式要求“以纳税申报和优化服务为基础”,纳税申报是对纳税人而言,旨在增强纳税人依法纳税意识;优化服务则是要求税务部门必额完善聪能,做好服务工作。因此征管改革不单单是税务部门的事情,同时需要企业及时转变观念,跟上税制及征管方式改革的步伐。目前,税务部门已按新的征管模式将“集中征收．重点稽查”落宴到位,而且成效显著。但在与企业沟通、相互配合方面仍有薄弱环节。     

纳税服务规范：车同轨 书同文

全面推进税收现代化，是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化对税收工作的总要求，是税收改革发展的总目标。在2013年12月26日召开的全国税务工作会议上，国家税务总局为未来的税收工作定下目标：建立完备规范的税法体系、成熟定型的税制体系、优质便捷的服务体系、科学严密的征管体系、稳固强大的信息体系、高效清廉的组织体系，到2020年基本实现税收现代化。     

建立严密的税务监控和稽查体系

我国的税制改革已缀取得了历史性的战功和突破性的进展，在全面总结近儿年税制改革实践经验的基础上，国家税务总局制定了《关于探化税收征管改革的方案》，并经国务院批转执行。《方案》中提出，深化税收征管改革的任务是：建立以申报纳税和优化服务为基础，以计算机网络为依托，集中征收、重点稽查新的征管模式。其中，建立严密的税务监控和稽查体系被列为个重点、就我国目前的税收工作实际和税收法制建设状况而言，建立严密的税务监控和稽查体系应当做到以下几点：     

当前税务稽查应处理好的几个关系

新税制的建立，使得税法刚性逐步增强，建立了管户制向管事制转变的新征管模式，税务机关的职能要求我们今后工作的重心和主要力量税收征管转移，向以税务稽查为重点的监督管理体系转移。因此，强化税务稽查工作和建立一个行之有效的地税系统的稽查体系，就成为税收工作中的一项紧迫任务。笔认为，当前税务稽查工作应处理好以下几个方面的关系。     

高职财经类院校税法课程教学方法研究

税法课是高职院校财经类专业的一门重要课程,随着我国税法体系的逐步完善,税收法规得到全面普及,依法治税迫在眉睫,这对高校税法课程的教学提出了新的更高的要求.面对当前我国税制不断改革的形势,高校税法课程的教学理应及时进行调整与改革,使其能适应高职财经类院校发展和税收实践的需要.     

数字经济时代我国增值税税制和征管面临的挑战及对策

伴随着数字经济的快速崛起，我国增值税的税制和税收征管面临诸多挑战，增值税税制和传统的增值税征管模式亟待改革和完善。完善增值税的税制需要厘清纳税主体、简并增值税税目和税率、明晰课税对象等；改革增值税税收征管模式必须改进增值税税务登记方式，创新增值税申报方式，建立专门的数字经济征管部门，改革财政分配机制。同时，应加强国际税收合作与交流，积极参与国际税收征管规则制定。通过实施一系列有效措施，提升我国在数字经济时代的增值税征管水平，推动我国数字经济健康发展。     

税收征管改革与税收制度的协调

积极推进税收征管改革,提高税收征管的质量与水平是我国当前税收工作的重点,但突出的问题是我国税制的复杂性及多目标将会制约税收征管质效。本文通过分析税收征管与税收制度的关系以及我国现行税制与税收征管不协调的状况,提出了在现行税制体系下我国税收征管改革的路径选择。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.