Estimation of food demand in Turkey: method of an almost ideal demand system

In this study, data of the household income and consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute for 1994 and 2003 years were used; income, price, and cross price elasticities under six aggregated product groups were estimated within the framework of the an almost ideal demand system approach for food expenditures; and estimation of household consumers’ food demand in Turkey was analyzed. According to the findings obtained, it was established that a price-bound change would appear in the food demand, and elasticities were calculated. Expenditures by product groups and price elasticities were obtained, and the product groups were aggregated as bread and cereals; meat, fish, and poultry; milk and dairy products, oil and egg; vegetables and fruits; various fast food and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.     

在金融危机下发放消费券促消费扩内需的博弈分析

众所周知,2008年注定对世界、对中国来说都是不平凡的一年。始于美国的由于次贷危机引发的金融危机至今都没见减缓的迹象。甚至有愈演愈烈之势,何时见底,没人知晓。同时,在全球经济一体化不断深入的进程中,中国岂能独善其身。自2008年下半年开始,我国的出口额明显下降,并在2009年上半年延续着继续下降的趋势。然而,在这全球经济增缓,甚至下降的环境下,我国为实现我们既定的长期目标,提出了2009年GDP的增长8％的目标,并分解落实到各地方政府。由此,各地方政府为了完成中央下达的增长目标,特别是在以出口为主的沿海城市,开始了一场浩浩荡荡的发行消费券,其中又以旅游券为甚的运作（以下统称消费券）,想以此来促消费,扩内需,保GDP增长。本文拟运用博弈理论首先分析这场运作产生的原因并分析其实效,同时剖析其产生的外在博弈条件,最后提出从实现国家总体目标的考虑方向提出了相应解决的措施建议。     

从工业经济到体验经济的广州消费需求

人的行为存在一定的动机,这些动机驱使人从事各种活动。古代的中国人,将人类最基本的需要归纳为四件事:"衣、食、住、行"。本文以马斯洛的需要层次论为基础,对广州居民消费中"四大件"的变化进行分析,探讨消费需求的变化规律,以寻求中国设计的发展方向。     

Banking crises and financial system in Turkey

The important part of the macroeconomic policies is related to financial sector. Banking, which is a portion of this sector, takes the most important place in both the operation of economic system and the realization of the institutional or individual activities. It is well known that the foundation of banking system is based on trust, stability and strong capital formation. The birth and development of the banking sector in Turkey is relatively new. If the roots of the Turkish banking are traced, it is seen that the history goes back to the middle of the nineteenth century. Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the targets of the economic development have been tried to be reached through supporting the industry and banking in the leadership of the State. But the obstacles in the financial system have limited the development of the Turkish banking sector. Since the application of the liberalization policies in the markets, particularly after 1980＇s, the banking sector has been one of the most affected sectors from the liberalization. When the fundamental problems of the Turkish banking sector have been analyzed, they can be enumerated as economic instability, being the financier of the public deficits, being too sensitive to the market risks and being fragile, high input costs, inefficient use of capital, defects in the booking system or weaknesses in the control, problems with restructuring, defects in domestic control, lack of risk management and institutional inner-management. In this study, the development of banking sector will be briefly analyzed for determined periods since 1923. The analysis will include the developments which create economic crises, the role of banks in this process, the defects of the banking sector and the financial system, and the effects of crises on the banking sector on the basis of the cause and effect relation. Economic crisis of February 2001 and the banking crisis will be examined in detail. The new arrangements after the 2001 crisis in the banking sector have been overviewed.     

城镇专业市场形成的供需机制分析

在分析本地专业市场的地理意义及其对供需的空间聚集能力的基础上,由生产带动和消费带动两种模式入手对本地专业市场的供需互动形成机制进行探讨.通过分析行业平均价格指导下的供需曲线变化,寻求对本地专业市场形成机制的解答,并以国内相关城镇的专业市场实例进行印证,得出在不同模式下本地专业市场的形成条件.结论显示,城镇专业市场是在本地与外地的供给与需求互动过程中有条件地形成的.     

Nonparametric bootstrap analysis with applications to demographic effects in demand functions

"A new bootstrap proposal, labeled smooth conditional moment (SCM) bootstrap, is introduced for independent but not necessarily identically distributed data, where the classical bootstrap procedure fails.... A good example of the benefits of using nonparametric and bootstrap methods is the area of empirical demand analysis. In particular, we will be concerned with their application to the study of two important topics: what are the most relevant effects of household demographic variables on demand behavior, and to what extent present parametric specifications capture these effects."     

A gravity model analysis of the demand for mass communications

The gravity model specification is shown to be applicable to a study of the demand for a mass communication medium. The data are taken from newspaper circulations in the San Francisco metropolitan area. The demand equations have properties different from those for either private communication or travel demands.     

论南京市刺激消费、扩大内需的税收策略

扩大内需,刺激消费,促进经济发展是近年来人们关心的重要问题。文章分析了南京市应如何刺激消费扩大内需,促进经济增长,并提出了相应的改革措施。     

A simultaneous equations system of money demand and supply using generalized functional forms

The Box-Cox parametric transformation was incorporated into a simultaneous money demand and supply equations systems, where the demand function had a liquidity trap. Full-Information Maximum-Likelihood parameter estimates of the ‘generalized’ system, as compared to FIML estimates from an equations system where the functional forms were a priori restricted, revealed the ‘generalized functional form’ model had superior forecasting ability, smaller impact multipliers on discretionary policy instruments, and different elasticity estimates. A likelihood ratio test between the ‘generalized’ and a priori restricted models indicated the generalized model was significantly different from the closest ‘linear in the parameters’ model.     

我国电子商务行业物流系统建设需求分析

近年来,我国电子商务行业已步入飞速发展时期.中国电子商务研究中心发布的<1997～2009:中国电子商务十二年调查报告>显示,2008年我国电子商务市场交易额达到3.15万亿元;其中,B2B交易额为3万亿元,B2C与C2C网购交易额为1500亿元.     

天津市产业结构与能源消费强度分析

发展低碳经济将对城市产业结构调整产生巨大影响。就能源消费、经济增长和产业结构之间的关系做扼要阐述;通过时间序列分析来验证天津市经济增长与能源消费的关系,并通过各产业能源消耗强度、结构效应与强度效应、单位GDP能耗等指标来考查产业结构对能源消费的影响;结合天津市产业发展现状提出了结构调整的建议。     

A fractional cointegration analysis of Fisher hypothesis: evidence from Turkey

This paper examines the validity of Fisher hypothesis in Turkey over the period from 1990:01 through 2010:03 by using cointegration and fractional cointegration approaches. The findings from Engle and Granger cointegration test indicate that inflation and nominal interest rate series are cointegrated. Since the conventional cointegration tests do not provide strong evidence on the long run relationship, we also use fractional cointegration definition suggested by Cheung and Lai (J Bus Econ Stat 11:103–112, 1993) which requires only a mean reverting (d < 1) relationship between the series. The results from fractional cointegration tests based on GPH and Robinson methods show that inflation and nominal interest rate series are fractionally cointegrated. These findings support the validity of the Fisher hypothesis in Turkey.     

Residential energy demand in the United States: A regional econometric analysis

A static equilibrium and a dynamic partial adjustment model of residential demand for electricity and natural gas are presented and estimated for the United States over a recent period characterized by sharply increasing energy prices. The static model is estimated using Ordinary Least Squares while the instrumental variables method is used for the dynamic partial adjustment model. The estimates of long-run elasticities suggest the residential demand for electricity and natural gas are price and income elastic. Intercept and slope dummies used in the models identify significant regional differences in demand functions.     

A time series analysis of real wages,consumption and asset returns

This paper re-examines whether the time series properties of aggregate consumption, real wages, and asset returns can be explained by a neoclassical model. Previous empirical rejections of the model have suggested that the optimal labour contract model might be appropriate for understanding the time series properties of the real wage rate and consumption. We show that an optimal contract model restricts the long-run relation of the real wage rate and consumption. We exploit this long-run restriction (cointegration restriction) for estimating and testing the model, using Ogaki and Park's (1989) cointegration approach. This long-run restriction involves a parameter that we call the long-run intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) for non-durable consumption but does not involve the IES for leisure. This allows us to estimate the long-run IES for non-durable consumption from a cointegrating regression. Tests for the null of cointegration do not reject our model. As a further analysis, our estimates of the long-run IES for non-durable consumption are used to estimate the discount factor and a coefficient of time-nonseparability using Hansen's (1982) Generalized Method of Moments. We form a specification test for our model à la Hausman (1978) from these two steps. This specification test does not reject our model. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparative analysis on school attainment in Turkey and Malta: application of the Tobit model

This research provides a comparative analysis on the correlates of school attainment between Turkish and Maltese people. In the analysis, school attainment is measured by years of education. Tobit model estimates are obtained in the analyses using Eurobarometer 2004.1 data set. The results of the model demonstrate that, the effect of marriage on school attainment found to be insignificant for Malta while it is significant for Turkey. Additionally, it can be seen that females are less educated than males and income has a positive effect on school attainment in both Turkey and Malta. By providing comparative analyses, this research attempts to give insights for policy makers and professionals to improve the Turkish education system.     

A revenue management approach to demand management and order booking in assemble-to-order manufacturing

Revenue management is an order acceptance and refusal process that employs differential pricing strategies and stop sales tactics to reallocate capacity, enhance delivery reliability and speed, and realize revenue from change order responsiveness in order to maximize the revenue from pre-existing capacity. While previously considered primarily as a tool of service operations, revenue management has considerable potential for assemble to order (ATO) manufacturing environments. Increasing demand for customer responsiveness has created service-oriented manufacturing environments suitable for the application of revenue management methods. This paper applies revenue management concepts and techniques to ATO manufacturing environments and presents models for optimal pricing and capacity decisions.     

HR and firm performance at companies in Turkey： Correlative analysis

Aim of this study is to discuss matters with HR and finn performance. Therefore, we used HR and firm performance questionnaire from Delaney and Huselid （1996）. HR variables include recruitment, training, compensation and promotion. Firm performance divided into organizational and market performance. Therefore, correlation analysis demonstrates that HR has positive and significant relationship with organizational performance, and HR has positive but weak relationship with market performance. Therefore, we can propose that HR is partly correlated with firm performance for those companies in sample. Therefore, since we didn＇t realize demography of companies in study, it is arguable, findings of this study can be generalized to other companies in Turkey.     

我国能源消费与经济增长之问的实证分析

应用灰色关联分析对我国近年来能源消费与国内生产总值之间的关系进行深入的研究,从而对我国未来5年的能源需求作出预测.提出大力发展第三产业,新兴第一产业,努力降低第二产业单位能耗的建议.