German investments abroad and foreign investments in the Federal Republic

The investments of residents of the Federal Republic of Germany in economic areas abroad and of non-residents in the economic area of the Federal Republic are the subject of the following article. Their development over the last fifteen years is analysed in regard to their geographical location and distribution over the various economic sectors. One of the questions to be examined is whether German investments in foreign countries are an alternative to exports from the Federal Republic or a necessary complement to such exports.     

Nontraded goods and optimal foreign investments

The main purpose of the present paper is to discuss the optimal tax policy towards capital movements in the case where nontraded goods exist. We show that, in the case of generic capital, the instability of nontraded goods market in the passive country makes it optimal to subsidize the income from international investments. Furthermore, we show that complete specialization of the passive country invokes the orthodox tax policy of Kemp (1962, 1964, chs. 13 and 14), whether capital is generic or sector-specific.     

浅析我国企业对外直接投资的发展战略选择

在国际贸易中，对外投资有广义与狭义之分。从狭义的角度来讲，对外投资亦是对外直接投资：它是指投资者在国外直接开办企业或收购企业部分股权或采取其他方式获得企业经营权的投资行为，是将资金直接投放到生产经营中的经济活动。自上世纪８０年代以来，国际直接投资逐渐取代国际货物贸易而成为挤占国际市场的一种重要手段。在这期间，我国积极顺应对外开放的发展要求，在对外直接投资方面有了较快的发展。据外经贸部统计显示，２００１年经外经贸部批准和备案的境外投资企业共计３１２家，协议投资总额９．７亿美元，其中中方协议投资额７…     

浅析东北利用外资突破途径——引进跨国公司

东北是中国重要的老工业基地，在石油化工、动力设备、造船、机床等重大装备制造业方面具有举足轻重的地位，同时又是大型国有企业集中的省份。改革开放以来，东北在对外开放和利用外资方面取得了一些成果，但与自身地位和东部沿海省市相比仍有一定差距。应借东北振兴之风，突破制约外商投资的政策环境因素，扩大吸引外资力度，引进跨国公司，使东北利用外资能够上一个新台阶。     

Equity-based entry modes of the Greater Chinese Economic Area's foreign direct investments in Vietnam

In January 2007, Vietnam became the 150th member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Vietnam is located in the heart of Asia and has a resource-rich economy, which offers it a significant advantage in attracting foreign direct investments (FDIs). The research focuses on equity-based entry mode choices adopted by multinational corporations (MNCs) in the Greater Chinese Economic Area (GCEA) for entering Vietnam. The statistical results indicate that equity-based entry modes are significant when FDI firms entering Vietnam originate from the GCEA, which includes Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. However, the interaction results show that industry does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between location and entry mode, whereas it is not found that industrial cluster is specific to any one location. The generalized model has implications for the theoretical and managerial perspectives of both the host and the home countries.     

Business groups and foreign direct investments by developing country firms: An empirical test in India

Drawing on recent theoretical explanations, we develop hypotheses on the relationship between business group affiliation and FDI by developing country firms. We hypothesize a positive relationship between business group affiliation and FDI overall, as well as between business group affiliation and FDI into advanced countries and into developing countries. In addition, we argue that the impact of business group affiliation on FDI varies in strength among business groups based on their size and diversification. We also empirically test the hypotheses in a sample of firms from one large and important developing country, India.     

新一轮外商直接投资的趋势及我国的引资策略

加入WTO两年来，中国市场开放进一步扩大，吸收外商投资的政策更加符合国际投资的要求，中国吸收外资进入了一个新的发展阶段。据商务部统计，2004年1-3月份，全国新批设立外商投资企业10312家，比去年增长19．57％；合同外资金额342．78亿美元，同比增长49．15％；实际使用外资金额140．66亿美元，同比增长7．49％。截至2004年3月底，全国累计批准设立外商投资企业475589个，合同外资金额9774．08亿美元，实际使用外资金额5155．36亿美元。     

Marketing investments and market investments in industrial networks

A large and increasing share of company resources is devoted to marketing activities. To a large extent those activities are of a long term nature. There are long term, intertemporal dependence relations between marketing activities and their consequences. It is important both for marketing practice and marketing theory to develop tools for analyses of such relations in marketing. In business, intertemporal relations are frequently analysed within an investment process framework and it seems fruitful to apply such a framework to the analysis of marketing activities. The main purpose of this article is to make such an analysis.     

从跨国并购谈我国利用外商直接投资问题

一般来说，企业对外直接投资不外乎两种方式：一是新建投资，也称为绿地投资，即在东道国建立一个新的企业，或独资或合资；另一种跨国并购，即通过跨国收购或兼并方式来控制东道国的企业。     

浅谈影响国际投资的因素

随着世界经济的发展和国际经济交流的加强，国际投资在世界经济领域所起到的作用越来越明显。实践证明，一个国家如果能快速、成功地引进外资和对外投资，即搞好国际投资，就能更快更好地发展本国经济，尤其是发展中国家。大多数发展中国家在发展本国经济的过程中存在着资金不足的问题，如果能善于利用国内的各种资源，吸引外资，积极参加国际投资活动，不仅有利于缩小本国与世界先进国家经济水 平之间的差距，而且能够获得相当可观的经济效益。因此，为了能更好地引进外资，各国都努力克服影响国际投资的各种因素。那么，什么因素会影响国…     

Subsidiary goals,learning orientations,and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises: evidence from foreign direct investments in Korea

This paper investigates the links among subsidiary goals, learning orientations, and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The authors hypothesize that an MNE's ownership strategy is determined by subsidiary goals and learning orientations. Furthermore, interactions between learning orientations and subsidiary goals are predicted to influence the ownership strategy. Based on 723 foreign subsidiaries of MNEs operating in Korea, our findings suggest that when MNE foreign subsidiaries influence ownership choice, market-seeking goals and resource-seeking goals have a stronger fit with the exploitation orientation than with the exploration orientation. In contrast, the category of knowledge-seeking goals has a stronger fit with exploration than with exploitation.     

Chinese investments aid international trade

Chinese firms＇ increased outbound investment has benefited the recipient countries, a senior Chinese Ministry of Commerce （MOC） official said on November 1.     

China expresses interest in upgrading Zimbabwe＇s transport network

Chinese investments in Italy, although still limited compared with that in the rest of Europe, are growing with more and more Chinese firms operating in the country＇s strategic sectors, said an Italian government agency on November 5.     

Foreign direct investment productivity premium and foreign affiliates' heterogeneity: A comparison between advanced and emerging market overseas investments in the EU

This paper aims to investigate the existence of productivity heterogeneity among foreign‐owned firms (FOFs) based in the European Union (EU). Using firm‐level data for a sample of FOFs investing in the EU over the period 2006–14, we find that foreign affiliates from advanced countries (AFOFs) show a positive productivity gap compared to foreign affiliates from emerging countries (EFOFs). However, when we consider the type and the motivation of foreign direct investment, our results reveal that, while AFOFs always seem to be more productive than EFOFs in manufacturing sectors, EFOFs appear to enjoy a productivity premium compared to AFOFs in the services, when their activity occurs in the same industry as their parent and they operate in less knowledge‐intensive market sectors.