基于全寿命周期的城市基础设施管理信息化研究

城市基础设施建设和管理的成效对提高城市综合竞争力具有重要作用,信息化建设为城市基础设施管理提供了有效的发展方向。分析城市基础设施管理信息化框架模型的功能,包括各系统全寿命周期过程的信息化,即项目规划——投资决策——招标——设计——施工——使用——维护等,以及基础设施信息查询与服务功能。该模型可以提高城市基础设施的管理水平,一方面可以降低基础设施建设、维护成本,另一方面可以提高基础设施的服务水平,从而提高城市综合竞争力。     

我国企业价格合谋的博弈论分析

随着市场竞争日益加剧,我国企业应从价格合谋的现象出发,运用库诺特——纳什均衡及伯川德——纳什均衡模型分析我国的企业合谋行为,指出企业合谋行为失败的原因在于企业技术创新能力不足和企业价格竞争行为的非理性。     

Are Firms in Developing Countries in Spider Webs or Iron Cages? Geographic Traps and Firm Performance

We explore the question of whether a geographic context represents opportunity or threat using two competing theories — geography of opportunity and curse of geography — and multilevel techniques to analyze data from 366 firms in six African countries (and validated with 128 firms from 24 countries). We find that location (landlockedness and bad neighbors) relate negatively to both sales and net profit. Infrastructure, however, does not relate directly to firm performance at a significant level but interacts with one firm characteristic — multinationality — in relating to sales and net profit. Locational traps — landlockedness and bad neighbors — also interact with multinationality and CEO origin in relating to sales and net profit. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

以诚信为本 塑造房地产品牌

当房地产业发展到一定阶段时 ,品牌将成为房地产企业持续发展的制胜法宝。房地产品牌应建立在诚信的基础上 ,并从物业品牌与企业品牌两方面同时入手 ,在开发经营的全过程中创立。在对物业性能的塑造、房地产特色的营造与企业理念的培养中应更多融入诚信意识。     

Social power bases of marketing executives: The relationship with organizational climate

This research paper reports the results of a mailed questionnaire study of 343 marketing executives. The purpose of the research was to investigate whether or not a relationship exists between organizational climate (i.e., specific conditions in the organizational environment of the firm) and the particular social power base of the marketing executive. Results indicate that the three desirable power bases—expert, referrent, and legitimate—are correlated with all four of the organizational climate dimensions studied—reward orientation, personnel policies, MBO orientation, and status orientation. The undesirable power base—coercive power—was correlated with none of these dimensions.     

ON PASLNETTI'S ‘G’ MATRIX

Pasinetti's vertically integrated H matrix has been much used in economic theory but his other vertically integrated matrix, G — which is of a quite different nature — has been little noticed. This paper considers the nature of the G matrix, its relationship to H, and varous issues — concerning consumption and growth, value added, sales revenue and differential growth or profit rates — for the analysis of which G is a very useful analytical tool.     

Male–Male Status Signaling through Favoring Organic Foods: Is the Signaler Perceived and Treated as a Friend or a Foe?

Even though consumers’ status signaling is a heavily researched topic, empirical contributions from two important research areas—the mundane food context and prosocial status signaling between male consumers—to signaling literature are still scarce. Thus, this study empirically investigates how a male signaling about his status through favoring organic foods is perceived and treated by other males in two different sociocultural settings (urban vs. rural). In an urban area—but not in a rural—the pro‐organic signaler was perceived as more respected, altruistic, and affluent than a male who did not signal about this (he also received statistically more money in a charity donation task). This may indicate that signaling about this tendency—because it can be viewed as use of one's own resources for the benefit of others—is not only a way to attain status, but can also make others behave more positively toward the signaler.     

国外供应链整合的研究述评与展望

文章在回顾供应链整合相关研究文献的基础上,首先对供应链整合的概念演变进行梳理,然后将供应链整合对企业绩效的影响以及供应链整合的前因研究成果整合为一个包容性更强的“供应链整合的前因——供应链整合——供应链整合的结果”组织间供应链整合概念模型,最后对未来的相关研究进行了展望。     

Strategic entrepreneurship's dynamic tensions: Converging (diverging) effects of experience and networks on market entry timing and entrant performance

In this paper, we return to the roots of strategic entrepreneurship research by examining the dynamic tension between opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking activities and by testing key resources that affect both activities. More specifically, we identify the empirical manifestations of the two activities—market entry timing decisions and entrant performance—and examine the degree to which the type of resources (in particular, experience and networks) that enable firms to enter a new market space early converge with (or diverge from) the type of resources that enhance entrant performance. Through analysis of 78 new market spaces and the associated 6544 entrant games in the U.S. console video game industry between 1995 and 2012, we find that while some resources—particularly relevant experience—have convergent impacts on entry timing and entrant performance, the impacts of other resources—first-order and second-order embeddedness—on these two outcomes diverge. We demonstrate that this tension in terms of resource impact on the two aspects of strategic entrepreneurship persists as the markets evolve.     

Two copy testing techniques: The cloze procedure and the cognitive complexity test

The theory behind two copy testing techniques—the cloze procedure and the cognitive complexity text—is reviewed; and three hypotheses are developed for testing. These two techniques work especially well when used together as they provide a way to match message properties with the audience's abilities. In a discriminant analysis setting, support is found for all three hypotheses, and a substantial portion of the variance in the criterion variable—advertising recall—is taken into account. The results of predictions to a validation sample are also encouraging.     

中国食品行业应诉国外反倾销的特点

近年来,中国食品行业在国际市场上屡遭反倾销投诉,企业损失惨重。因此,深刻了解国外对中国食品行业反倾销调查的特点,并采取相应措施,已成为中国企业进一步开拓国际市场的当务之急。针对上述现状,并结合国外对中国食品行业实施反倾销的四个特点,对其遭遇反倾销的原因及损害进行了深层次的分析。中国食品行业应该培养并形成自己的核心竞争力,并强化反倾销意识,这样可以从根本上改变食品行业出口频频遭遇反倾销的状况。     

Hat Deutschland ein Marktmachtproblem?

The long-term development of market power and business concentration is attracting considerable international attention. This is being driven by an intersectoral increase in market power — particularly in the USA but also in other countries — as observed in current empirical research. This is seen as a cause for macroeconomic developments. The Monopolies Commission — which has the mandate in Germany to report on business concentration — concluded in its current report that although the concentration of turnover in Germany has recently been relatively constant, the price-cost markups of companies have risen significantly after the crisis. In addition, indirect corporate links via institutional investors represent a potential competition problem.     

International strategy and business groups: A review and future research agenda

Motivated by the growth and internationalization of business groups, this paper reviews the business group literature and presents a future research agenda, highlighting their implications for international strategy. The paper identifies theoretical tensions and empirical ambiguities around three key business group features—corporate governance, internal markets, and corporate strategy—and three key outcome variables—performance, economic impact, and innovation—that have generated significant debate. We conclude with three methodological concerns relevant to these debates: generalizing business group research across countries, endogeneity in business group research, and performance measurement in business groups.     

Women's Perceived Empowerment in Entrepreneurial Efforts: The Role of Bricolage and Psychological Capital

Women's entrepreneurial empowerment—perceived competence, self‐determination, and ability in managing a firm as an entrepreneur—is important to women's entrepreneurship in developing countries. Drawing on a sample of 369 women entrepreneurs from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in Gujarat, a western state in India, we find that women's entrepreneurial empowerment is positively associated with firm revenues. Gains from empowerment could be further enhanced for women entrepreneurs managing resource constraints—through bricolage—and meeting the challenges of self‐employment—through psychological capital. The present study contributes to literature on women's entrepreneurial empowerment and SME performance. Women's empowerment and the bolstering effects of bricolage and psychological capital could help government agencies and non‐government organizations devise programs and policies to improve the performance of women‐owned SMEs in developing countries.     

Industrial cooperation as an instrument of development policy

The spectacular opening of the People’s Republic of China to the capitalist world market and the flourishing state of East-West cooperation—up to the Afghanistan crisis—show that cooperation with more advanced industrial countries in selected fields is seen as a promising means of speeding industrial progress. Essential for the industrialization and modernization of less developed economies are—apart from convertible finance—the transfer and diffusion of technical and organizational know-how from countries in a more advanced state of development. The opportunities for industrial interstate and interenterprise cooperation between partners from developing and industrialized countries are analysed in the following article.     

Sharing contracts' marginalisation,adverse selection and markup calculation

This paper proposes a new approach to explain the dominance—in the Islamic banking market—of markup contracts at the expense of sharing ones. We show that the dual pricing practised in this market produces an additional—or artificial—dimension of adverse selection, which is causing the sharing contracts' marginalization. We suggest specialized use of two Islamic contractual categories as a device for eliminating artificial adverse selection. We suggest also an endogenous calculation of the markup, that is independent of the interest rate, based on the financing cost unification. This approach allows the deduction of default and liquidity risk premiums.     

Alliances and Survival of New Biopharmaceutical Ventures in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis

Engaging in exploration and exploitation is essential to business survival and performance. While firms manage exploration and exploitation alliances for the long‐term, how prepared are they for sudden shocks in the short‐term? We address this question in the context of a unique and opportune natural experiment associated with the 2008 financial crisis. Our analysis of 155 new biopharmaceutical ventures over a seven‐year period suggests that exploration alliances—with a long‐term orientation—make a firm more vulnerable to external shocks. In contrast, exploitation alliances as well as a balance between exploration and exploitation alliances—which underlie short‐term performance—enable the firm to sustain external shocks.     

A model of consumer relationships with store brands,personnel and stores in Spain

Abstract

Relationship Marketing is an important approach to the study of exchanges. This approach puts emphasis on the development of trust, satisfaction and relational norms to obtain parties' commitment. However, there are very few studies that consider the different levels the consumer relates with. Moreover, a limited number of marketing studies include variables that are often used in economic approaches such as signalling theory, which can enrich the understanding of commercial relationships. Therefore, the proposed multidisciplinary model relates economic variables—the signals that firms send to the market—and key relational variables—satisfaction and trust—considering three relationship levels of trust and satisfaction—store brands, personnel and stores. Results show a transference process among the three levels of trust and confirm that satisfaction and signals are important antecedents of each trust level.     

Happy Birthday,Milton Friedman: A buyer-seller salute

Milton Friedman—famed economist, statistician, Nobel Memorial Prize winner, Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient, and proud champion of the free market—would have turned 100 years old this past July. In spite of his myriad contributions, business researchers and practitioners can easily overlook how his work impacted their own disciplines and areas of focus. A business-to-business buyer-seller perspective is offered herein, detailing how Dr. Friedman's work—specifically, his seminal book, Free to Choose—helped usher in the era we today call ‘relationship selling.’     

我国上市公司外部融资偏好的成本动因分析

按照西方融资方式的“啄食”顺序理论,企业的外部融资顺序应先债券融资后股权融资。我国股权融资相对于债券融资具有资本成本、代理成本、信息成本和寻租成本的优势,使上市公司的外部融资顺序出现了“重股权融资、轻债券融资”的偏好。应从完善公司治理结构、规范信息披露、着力发展资本市场、加快形成经理人市场等方面入手,以改变不合理的融资现状。