基于人力资本投资的酒店业劳动力迁移研究——珠海、澳门酒店业实证分析

劳动力成本上涨成为中国劳动密集型企业普遍关注的问题,它也是推动第三产业转型的重要原因.酒店作为典型的劳动密集型企业,员工流动问题一直备受关注,但是从人力资本角度的研究很少.本文运用人力资本投资理论对珠海向澳门的劳动力迁移现象进行了实证分析,发现基础工资差距是导致酒店业劳动者个体迁移的主要原因,而两地员工福利水平的差距及地理临近性进一步增加了酒店业个体劳动者迁移的愿望.文章最后建议,珠海酒店企业可以采取增加员工收入、完善员工福利保障及创新盈利模式的措施来解决员工高流动性的问题.     

基才人力资本投资的酒店业劳动力迁移研究——珠海、澳门酒店业实证分析

劳动力成本上涨成为中国劳动密集型企业普遍关注的问题，它也是推动第三产业转型的重要原因。酒店作为典型的劳动密集型企业，员工流动问题一直备受关注，但是从人力资本角度的研究很少。本文运用人力资本投资理论对珠海向澳门的劳动力迁移现象进行了实证分析，发现基础工资差距是导致酒店业劳动者个体迁移的主要原因，而两地员工福利水平的差距及地理临近性进一步增加了酒店业个体劳动者迁移的愿望。文章最后建议，珠海酒店企业可以采取增加员工收入、完善员工福利保障及创新盈利模式的措施来解决员工高流动性的问题。     

开源节流、渡过危机

对于酒店业来说,能够渡过危机是以后可以纪念的节、不能渡过危机就成了跨不过的劫。在危机中,酒店业的降价竞争愈演愈烈,但是这对酒店业整体经营和酒店个体的长远经营来说是非常不利的。     

试论我国酒店业集团化经营模式

(一) 经过十多年的发展,我国酒店业的数量和规模皆已发展到相当程度。目前,单从我国酒店业的个体来看,我国许多酒店的“硬件”是相当好的,也很现代化。但是,从我国酒店业的整体或群体经营能力和效果来看,则显得差距较大,也较脆弱,缺乏在国际市场的竞争力。原因之一就是我国酒店业中的大多数酒店均属于分散独立经营。它们往往有多系统、多层次、多部门的隶属     

中国酒店业能源消耗水平与低碳化经营路径分析

低碳旅游是在低碳经济背景下旅游管理研究的热点问题。旅游业虽然被认为是低碳经济的一个重要组成部分,但关于旅游业的能源消耗水平研究一直缺乏定量研究成果。文章以中国酒店业为例,采用投入产出分析方法,对中国酒店业的能源消耗水平进行了定量分析。研究表明,中国酒店业每万元的总产出需要消耗330.99千克标准煤。通过产业部门间的比较研究,发现中国酒店业整体仍然处于高耗能阶段,酒店业在节能减排以及发展低碳经济方面还不具有比较优势;通过比较研究,发现中国酒店业能源消耗水平与部分发达国家相比,还存在很大差距;通过与本地居民能源消耗水平的比较,发现酒店住客的日常能源消耗量远远高于城市居民日常生活的能源消耗量。最后,针对中国酒店业在能源消耗方面存在的问题,提出了中国酒店业低碳化经营的发展路径。     

“自由行”政策对澳门经济影响的评价

澳门发展定位于建设世界旅游休闲中心,游客流量是支撑澳门经济发展的重要因素,“自由行”政策给澳门博彩旅游业带来了巨大的客流量.研究旨在考察“自由行”政策对澳门经济发展的影响与贡献程度.在对国内外相关研究文献和“自由行”政策效应研究观点进行评述的基础上,探讨了澳门博彩旅游业经济利益的估算方法,引入“旅游比率”的概念,以直接增加值和直接就业量作为利益衡量标准,将入澳旅游的直接利益细分为源自自由行游客、内地非自由行游客、非内地游客的利益,并从批发零售业、酒店业、餐饮业、博彩娱乐业以及其他相关行业几个细分行业进行考察,评价了各类游客消费对旅游相关行业的直接增加值和直接就业量.以2011年和2012年澳门旅游附属账户为基础数据的计量分析表明,2012年自由行游客给澳门经济带来了171.25亿澳门元的直接增加值和25 526个直接就业量,分别占澳门GDP的7.80％和澳门总就业人数的7.44％.与其他类型的游客相比,自由行游客在零售和博彩娱乐两个行业具有更显著的直接增加值,而酒店业、餐饮业等行业的直接增加值相对偏低;与非内地游客相比,自由行游客和内地非自由行游客每单位消费在澳门产生的直接就业量偏低;“自由行”政策对澳门经济的影响被高估.这些特征主要由澳门较为特殊的旅游产业结构和自由行游客在现阶段消费倾向所决定的.“自由行”作为一项符合经济自由化和贸易便利化的政策安排,对该政策的调控要基于事实分析和科学判断.在澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心的目标定位下,澳门旅游业应加快非博彩娱乐业的发展,并提高旅游相关产业的附加值,重视旅游客源市场的多元化,实现澳门经济的可持续发展.     

Analysis of Energy Consumption Level and Approaches to Low-carbon Management in Loding Industry of China

低碳旅游是在低碳经济背景下旅游管理研究的热点问题.旅游业虽然被认为是低碳经济的一个重要组成部分,但关于旅游业的能源消耗水平研究一直缺乏定量研究成果.文章以中国酒店业为例,采用投入产出分析方法,对中国酒店业的能源消耗水平进行了定量分析.研究表明,中国酒店业每万元的总产出需要消耗330.99千克标准煤.通过产业部门间的比较研究,发现中国酒店业整体仍然处于高耗能阶段,酒店业在节能减排以及发展低碳经济方面还不具有比较优势；通过比较研究,发现中国酒店业能源消耗水平与部分发达国家相比,还存在很大差距；通过与本地居民能源消耗水平的比较,发现酒店住客的日常能源消耗量远远高于城市居民日常生活的能源消耗量.最后,针对中国酒店业在能源消耗方面存在的问题,提出了中国酒店业低碳化经营的发展路径.     

追求双赢 共同发展 创建中国酒店管理品牌--访东方酒店管理有限公司总经理高天明

经过20多年的市场洗礼,我国酒店业的竞争由单一价格竞争转向品牌竞争,经营管理也由简单模仿到自主创新,经营注重实效,管理渐趋科学,已经能够比较坦然地面对来自国外酒店巨头的竞争.但以单体为主的国内酒店在客源挖掘、市场推广、渠道拓展等方面还略显迟滞,预订系统的建立尚处于起步阶段,虽然出现了若干个在国内来说略有规模的酒店集团,但因区域色彩浓厚,经营手段单一,其规模优势难以显现,严重制约了我国酒店业走出国门的步伐,也不利于我国酒店业向纵深发展.     

赌权开放对澳门博彩旅游业经济效率影响的动态分析

博彩旅游业在澳门的经济结构中具有重要的战略地位.澳门赌权自2002年始的开放使其博彩旅游业的规模进一步放大,带动了其他产业发展的延伸,同时刺激了澳门经济体内各种不合理元素的显现,尤其是博彩旅游业的"极性"发展使澳门资源结构不平衡的症结进一步暴露.为了合理评价赌权开放对澳门经济所造成的影响,本文采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,围绕赌权开放前后澳门经济的发展变化,对澳门1997-2006年的经济效率进行动态比较.结果显示:赌权开放提高了开放前博彩旅游业的经济效率,减少了行业资源的浪费,扩大了经济的产出能量.根据澳门博彩旅游业发展中的问题,应采取相应的政策措施.     

透视首届"中国酒店开发与融资论坛"

2004年是中国酒店业自亚洲金融危机以来经营状况最好的一年,这不可避免地在2005年引发了各地对酒店业的新一轮投资热潮。为了帮助各地地产开发商或投资企业更加理性地涉足这一领域,7月20日至22日,浩华管理顾问公司、索金国际地产投资银行和中国旅游饭店业协会在北京共同主办了首届“中国酒店开发与融资论坛”。     

A comparative study for determinants of gaming performance in Macao and Las Vegas

This paper studies gaming efficiency with data envelopment analyses (DEA) and its determinants with seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR). We show that gaming efficiency is higher in Macao than in Las Vegas and can be improved in both places. We find that Macao casino performance hinges on China's economic growth and visitor arrivals as well as VIP service and promotional marketing while non-gaming business and slot gaming are contributors to Las Vegas tourism efficiency. We also indicate that the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2014 China anti-corruption movement are hugely disruptive to gaming efficiency both in Macao and Las Vegas. Those results provide policy makers and casino managers with useful implications for efficiency enhancement in gaming-led tourism and hospitality.     

Why do we teach what we teach? Perspectives from Asia’s hospitality and tourism program directors

This study investigates the forces shaping curriculum design of hospitality and tourism undergraduate programs in Southeast and East Asia. The topic has received little attention in the past. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 hospitality and tourism program directors from 8 regions in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines) and East Asia (China, Hong Kong, Macao, South Korea). The results indicated that the industry as one major stakeholder has strong influences on curriculum in multiple ways. This can be seen in the way industry commentary shapes the objectives of the programs, graduate competencies, and the subject material favoring employability for the hospitality and tourism industry. Accreditation was viewed as more essential in designing a curriculum for the higher institutions in the Southeast Asia compared to East Asia. The availability and expertise of staff were viewed as the least important forces in shaping the curriculum.     

Understanding the reactions of government and gaming concessionaires on COVID-19 through the neo-institutional theory – The case of Macao

This paper looks at how Macao, the world’s most densely populated city, deals with the COVID-19 disease, with a focus on government interventions and responses of the gaming concessionaires who operate integrated resorts. Macao was selected as the case not only because of the background of the authors, but also because Macao has been cited in many media coverage as a “good practice” example when it comes to fighting against this COVID-19 pandemic situation. Since there are already ample of articles on the background, development timeline, and overall commentary, this paper adopts a mixed approach by combining supplementary secondary data on the COVID-19 timeline in Macao (focusing on government interventions that can affect the tourism and hospitality industry) and primary qualitative in-depth interviews with senior management personnel (holding positions of Director or above) from major integrated resorts in Macao to get insights on industry strategic responses and expectation on future. A total of seven interviews were conducted with senior management members of five integrated resorts in May 2020. Four areas of responses were identified. They are 1. Survival; 2. The New Business Norm; 3. Business Rebound Strategies and 4. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The findings indicate a seemingly utopian scenario among the major integrated resorts and gaming concessionaires in Macao towards their compliance and autonomous actions. The mechanism of this utopian-like scenario is explained by adopting the neo-institutional theory.     

Technology

Abstract

The presence of technology in the hospitality industry is increasing at a rapid rate. Technology has had an effect on the efficiency of many facets of the hospitality industry. Despite the growing number of meetings, conventions, and conferences, there has not been a published needs assessment study of training needs-especially technology needs-of hospitality sales managers. This paper presents the results of the first part of a study that examined technology training needs for hospitality sales managers and meeting planners. The top three technology skills training needs that surfaced in the 1996 study included advertising/marketing on the Internet, developing request for proposals, and meeting planning/sales management systems.     

我国饭店人才链的失位与调整研究

伴随我国经济持续稳定的高速增长,饭店业迅速崛起,但在产业不断发展的同时,人才不足问题也显得日益严重,并越来越成为制约我国饭店业发展的关键因素.本文力图从人才链的失位与调整角度,研究人才缺失的原因,并探求改变现有饭店人才状况的调整策略.     

Restaurants’ social enterprise business model: Three case studies

ABSTRACT

This research explores the application of the Social Enterprise business model within the context of the hospitality industry. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative primary research was conducted through three case studies. The research suggests that hospitality social enterprises encounter many unique challenges as a result of social mission implications. The research provides a foundation for industry and academic recommendations. Most importantly, detailed recommendations such as strategic planning, strict budgeting, and mission/profit balance are derived for hospitality social enterprise managers to improve efficiency and counteract industry-specific challenges.     

The contributions of economics to hospitality literature: A content analysis of hospitality and tourism journals

This paper aimed to develop a concrete understanding of economics topics and methodologies that have been applied to hospitality research and to suggest areas for further research. Content analysis of 292 full-length articles was performed. The results showed that the contributions of economics to hospitality literature were largely empirical and microeconomics-related. Most of the research topics focused on market analysis, which involves demand and supply modelling and price determinants, followed by performance analysis, involving efficiency and productivity studies. Limited contributions of macroeconomic topics to hospitality were determined, highlighting the lack of studies on the impact of government or public policies on the hospitality industry. Moreover, the application of game theory to market structures was found to be limited, creating a vacuum in terms of understanding the competitive and cooperative behaviours of hospitality firms. As a contribution to the literature, the study provides suggestions for future research.     

Employee turnover dynamics in the hospitality industry vs. the overall economy

High employee turnover is a widely known reality for the hospitality industry. However, the extent to which employee turnover in the hospitality industry depends on overall economic activities or idiosyncratic characteristics of the hospitality industry is not clear. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the employee turnover rate in the hospitality industry is sensitive to the overall US economy. Also, the COVID-19-pandemic has further exacerbated an already convoluted issue of employee turnover for hospitality businesses. Therefore, we further investigate the extent to which employee turnover rate in the hospitality industry are sensitive to the overall US economy during the pandemic period. The results show that employee turnover in the hospitality industry has the highest sensitivity to the economy. However, employee turnover in the hospitality industry decreases the most in the overall US economy when economy-wide turnover increases. The theoretical and practical implications are extensively discussed.     

A technology adoption and implementation process in an independent hotel chain

Successful technological initiatives in the hospitality industry are a product of a well-planned and executed innovation adoption process. This qualitative study investigated the adoption of radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled locking technology in an independent hospitality company as a mechanism for service innovation and improved internal process efficiency. Findings from the research generated themes significantly impacting the knowledge and persuasion stages of the diffusion of innovations (DOI) adoption process. Results produced theoretical implications which suggest the dual nature of adoption process in the service industries, as well as practical recommendations for the implementation of new technologies in the hospitality industry.     

COVID-19 and hospitality 5.0: Redefining hospitality operations

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has severely affected the global hospitality industry. The hygiene and cleanliness of hotels has become the focal point in the recovery plan during COVID-19. This study investigates the effects of past disasters on the global hospitality industry, and how the industry responded to them. Since past pandemics and epidemics identified hygiene and cleanliness as an important factor, this study further explores the role of technology in ensuring hygiene and cleanliness. Hence, this study further examines the scalability of Industry 5.0 design principles into the hospitality context, leading to Hospitality 5.0 to improve operational efficiency. The study further delineates how Hospitality 5.0 technologies can ensure hygiene and cleanliness in various touchpoints in customer’s journey. This study serves as a foundation to understand how synergy between humans and machines can be achieved through Hospitality 5.0. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.