Regulation of Mobile Telephony across the European Union: An Empirical Analysis

In this paper I analyze the impact of regulatory policy on prices and demand for mobile telecommunications services across the European Union. I estimate a reduced form model of the mobile industry using panel data for the EU countries from 1998 to 2002. Among others, I find the following effects: liberalization of fixed telephone lines has a negative impact on prices and a positive impact on the demand for mobile services, and the introduction of mobile number portability has a negative impact on prices.*I am grateful to Toker Doganoglu, Gerd Hansen, Eric Kodjo Ralph, Guido Friebel, participants at the 30th EARIE Conference 2003, the 2nd International Industrial Organization Conference 2004 and the 19th Annual Congress of the EEA 2004, and anonymous referees for valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge the generous financial support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and the Munich Graduate School of Economics which made this research possible. All errors are mine.1 Source: European Commission (1994).     

我国移动通信产业的市场结构与规制改革

双寡头垄断是我国当前移动通信市场的格局。在移动通信行业打破独家垄断、促进竞争的规制改革初期,为争夺市场份额,中国联通有进行价格竞争的动机,价格竞争可以带动其他方面业务竞争,这样的市场格局能够增进社会福利。但随着中国联通和中国移动在市场份额上逐渐接近,价格竞争的动机不再明显,进行"默契串谋"的动机增强。同时,技术的进步和市场需求量的增加也使得双寡头的市场竞争格局不再是最有效的,构建一个三寡头有效竞争的市场格局应成为我国移动通信市场规制改革的取向。     

发达国家的电信管制机构及其启示

电信管制机构改革直接影响管制效率,从而影响电信产业的改革与发展。本文探讨了发达国家电信管制机构的主要模式,分析了电信管制机构的发展趋势,提出了我国电信管制机构设置与运行中值得借鉴的经验和启示。     

Inflation,growth, and distribution: The Brazilian economy after the post war

Abstract

Following Marglin and Bhaduri (1990 Marglin, S.A., and Bhaduri, A. “Profit Squeeze and Keynesian Theory.” In S.A. Marglin and J. Schor (eds.), The Golden Age of Capitalism. Reinterpreting the Postwar Experience. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990. [Google Scholar]), the purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the interaction between income distribution and growth of aggregate demand during the 1951–89 period in Brazil. Applying Hein and Vogel’s (2008) methodology we conclude that the Brazilian economy showed a profit-led demand regime. In a context of high inflation, high concentration of markets, and wage control, retained profits were the main source to finance new capital. In this sense, we found a large sensitivity of investment relative to the wage share, a result that is compatible with a consumption pattern based on high income, which supported the growth trend with low wages observed during the period.     

中国移动运营市场竞争格局情景分析

中国的移动运营市场一直是中国移动(2000年前为中国电信)和联通两家的双寡头竞争格局.鉴于情景分析法的特点和移动运营市场面临的形势,对移动运营市场后3G时代的竞争格局分析适宜采用情景分析法来预测中国进入3G时代后移动运营市场的几种竞争格局.并可以对每种格局产生的可能性、途径以及各种情景所带来的后果进行详细的比对,这样对我国移动运营市场的健康良性发展可提供一些有益的决策参考.     

Impact of innovation policies on small,medium and large Brazilian firms

This study comprises a comparative examination of the effects of innovation support programmes’ spend on innovative activities in small, medium and large Brazilian firms. The econometric methodology propensity score matching is used to assess the impacts of tax and financial incentives based on. Results show that innovation support programmes stimulate expenditure on innovative activities, especially financial incentives for the acquisition of machinery and equipment.     

Managing technological and social uncertainties of innovation: The evolution of Brazilian energy and agriculture

This paper explores how technological, commercial and social uncertainties shaped the development of Brazilian biofuels. Technological innovation allowed the country to emerge as a global leader, but Brazil continues to struggle with major social uncertainties due to poverty and environmental concerns common in many emerging economies. Contemporary approaches to development within the innovation literature focus primarily on overcoming technological and commercial uncertainties, but only peripherally explore social uncertainties. To fill this void, we draw on Martin and Hall's framework for managing innovative uncertainties, which is based on Kuhn and Popper's approaches to the evolution and methodology of science, and extend it with Aldrich and Fiol's concept of cognitive versus socio-political legitimacy. Based on qualitative data collected in Brazil, we outline the evolution of automotive fuel ethanol and flex-fuel technology, the development of Brazilian soybean production, and castor for socially inclusive biodiesel production. We show how innovation solved some technological and commercial uncertainties and generated new opportunities, but also created additional social uncertainties that are now being addressed. Through this process, Brazil has acquired capabilities in alternative energy technologies and more sustainable agriculture, becoming an exemplar for other emerging economies. We conclude with implications for policy and industry.     

Executive remuneration and financial performance in Brazilian companies

The objective of this study is to investigate the existence of a relationship between executive remuneration and financial performance in 28 Brazilian companies from the industrial sector. These companies have been selected among those companies elected as ＂The Best Companies to Work for in Brazil＂. In order to operationalize the remuneration variable, the authors use the monthly salary, the variable salary and three indexes--of benefits, career and professional development--which have been created especially for this survey. To measure financial performance, the authors use three accounting measures： sales growth, return on equity （ROE） and return on sales （ROS）. The results point the existence of a relationship between executive remuneration and financial performance.     

Accumulation pattern of the Brazilian economy in the 1990s and 2000s

This paper investigates the dynamic relationships among income distribution, debt ratio and capital accumulation in the Brazilian economy in the 1990s and 2000s. One explanation for the relatively slow growth of the Brazilian economy is the relatively low rate of investment. The paper presents an econometric model, based on Nishi, to investigate the causes of instability in investment in the period. It concludes that the Brazilian economy since the economic opening presents a debt-burdened pattern of capital accumulation.     

代理成本与审计师选择--基于中国IPO公司的研究

西方大量研究表明,公司的代理冲突程度越高,选择大事务所进行审计的动力就越强。文章在对179家IPO公司研究后发现,建立在英美市场经济条件下的代理理论对我国审计师选择行为的解释力并不充分。在公司规模、成长性、财务杠杆、管理层持股比例、董事会独立性等反映公司代理冲突的变量中,仅公司规模与是否选择大事务所进行审计有显著正向关系,管理层持股与是否选择大事务所审计则呈倒U形关系,没有发现成长性、财务杠杆与审计师选择存在显著关系的证据。     

中国手机电视的运营模式策略探析

中国手机电视业务的出现，加剧了手机发挥效用的环境条件的复杂性。当前中国手机电视运营遇到的问题主要有政策管制缺位及政策支持不力、手机电视接收终端技术不成熟、受众享用成本高、手机电视服务市场缺乏成熟的合作模式、手机电视节目内容严重匮乏、公共手机电视缺位等。政府应对手机电视业务给予政策支持。政府发展公共手机电视，市场发展商业性手机电视，并从传输网络、电视内容、收费模式等方面提出手机电视运营模式的发展方向。     

中国旅行社企业财务绩效评价指标研究——基于熵值法的视角

旅行社企业财务绩效评价指标的构建必须坚持客观真实、灵活可行的原则,借助信息工程学中“熵”的概念,利用“熵”的大小来度量各指标之间的差异程度,可以较客观地揭示出各指标的重要性,具有较强的实用性和可靠性,为中国旅行社企业的财务绩效评价提供了思路和方法。     

旅游移动商务服务平台构建模式研究

本文提出了一个旅游移动商务服务平台模式的框架,并对其服务功能进行了分析,主要包括前台客户端服务和后台管理功能两大块。对平台的各主要参与方的操作流程也进行了分析与设计,最后为我国旅游移动商务服务平台的建设提出了一些建议与展望。     

废旧手机回收管理国际经验及对我国的启示

随着经济发展和技术进步,手机普及率日益提高,更新换代速度也越来越快,手机销售量和废旧手机产生量都急剧增加。首先梳理了我国涉及废旧手机管理的相关政策法规,并分析了废旧手机回收处理的现状和存在的问题。然后,借鉴欧盟、美国、日本、韩国等发达国家和地区,及国际组织在废旧手机管理和回收处理方面的经验,从法律政策、生产者责任延伸制度、回收处理体系和环保意识等方面提出了相应的改进建议,以便为废旧手机等小型电子废弃物的管理提供理论依据。     

The diffusion of Internet telephony among consumers and firms: Current issues and future prospects

This paper analyses the current demand and market potential for Internet telephony—the transmission of voice over the public Internet or over a private Intranet—a technology that has attracted considerable attention as an appealing alternative to traditional telephony but that is likely to develop as a component within an integrated system of video, data and voice applications. The paper investigates technical, economic and social factors supporting and hindering the adoption of Internet telephony. In doing so, it relies upon the idea that the diffusion of Internet telephony is determined both by the attributes of the technological applications as perceived by the potential adopters, and by the characteristics of different users. According to this view, the research points out that relevant uncertainties reside on the demand side, particularly among residential users, and that in the future, businesses are more likely to adopt these applications than consumers. The assumptions concerning the future diffusion of Internet telephony are supported by the results of a survey carried out among a sample of Internet telephony service providers in Europe and North America.     

市场微观结构及其对市场流动性的影响分析

信息技术的飞速发展给证券市场带来的交易系统计算机化的革命引起了证券交易的一系列变革,使得以证券交易结构为核心的市场微观结构的选择已经成为证券价格发现过程及资本市场健康发展的重要因素。本文重点介绍了市场微观结构的一些要素,并着重分析了市场微观结构对市场流动性的影响。     

金融市场的流动性功能与竞争

证券市场的基本功能之一就是向市场提供流动性:为企业供应资金和为投资者供应金融品。在全球经济金融一体化的环境下,一国证券市场的竞争力最终取决于市场流动性功能,如果不能维系健全良好的市场流动性,就会失去资源配置的功能,从而沦为附庸子市场,并且增加市场的系统风险。证券市场的出现和制度的变迁无不受到竞争压力的影响,因此维持以及提高市场流动性是设计一个国家证券市场的最终目标。     

Agency Cost of Debt and Credit Market Imperfections: A Bargaining Approach

This paper studies the effect of credit market imperfections, measured by the relative bargaining power of banks, on the agency costs of debt finance. The threshold of obtaining loan finance is shown to be independent of the relative bargaining power of the financier. However, lower relative bargaining power of banks leads to lower lending rates and investment return distributions with lower, but less risky returns. Thus, our analysis does not support the view, presented in a large existing literature, that there would be a trade‐off between reduced credit market imperfections and higher agency costs of debt finance.     

市场的演进和改革的方向

市场经济的建立离不开市场的发育,而市场又体现出一种动态的演进过程,在建设市经济的过程中,我们必须要明白市场演进的方向和要求。通过对市场演进过程的分析,我们可以提炼出三个重要的概念,即分工、产权和信用。指出,市场经济就是从以上三个维度进行整合的制度安排,它要求我们在改革进程中的一些制度建设和政策选择必须要从这三个方面展开,即要有助于分工的发展、产权的明晰和信用的塑造。     

市场类型理论及其对我国市场格局的研判

闻潜教授的市场类型理论认为(1)划分市场类型的客观依据是卖方与买方市场经济力量的对比;(2)由市场价值、市场价格、供给和需求、市场竞争所构成的市场结构决定市场类型;(3)典型卖方市场、典型买方市场、均势市场、畸型卖方市场、畸型买方市场在构成要素和运行机制上有不同的特征;(4)市场价值和市场容量是引起市场类型转化的主要变量.根据此理论,把自1978年至今中国市场基本格局的演变过程划分为三个阶段.