Study on knowledge-intensive business service employee＇s characteristics

In the knowledge-based economy, knowledge-intensive business service （KIBS） is act as an active and key role. The study based on the theory of human resources, summarizes a series of characteristics of KIBS employee in which including innovative spirit, intellectual spirit, adventure spirit and entrepreneurial spirit.     

Analysis of innovative water-saving irrigation systems in rural areas ——Taking Taocheng in Hebei province as an example

Since China＇s rural areas is short of groundwater resources, one focus in water management study is water waste in irrigation in rural areas. The root causes of water waste are inefficient management and market-based instruments which are due to the ＂common pool resources＂ property of water resources, and this property ultimately results in ＂public tragedy＂. Farmers＇ awareness of water saving and water resources＇s use efficiency can be promoted through the innovation of systems, the introduction of collective action, the establishment of autonomous organizations of water users, the implement of participatory management of water users, and the price adjustment by economic means. Saving water through system arrangement enriches the content of water resources management in theory and provides system sustainment for water-saving in engineering and agriculture in practice.     

Patent Propensity in Small Technologybased Firms： Evidence from Zhongguancun Science Park

Using a survey administered in Zhongguancun Science Park in Beijing, China, this paper investigates the impact of R ＆D personnel-related intellectual property management practices on the patent propensity of small technology-based firms. It is found that R＆D personnel- related management practices, including training and reward mechanisms, are effective in enhancing a firm ＇s willingness to patent. In particular, we find that reward mechanisms can negatively moderate the effect of size on a firm ＇s willingness to patent. One implication that emerged from the analysis is that a small firm can counteract its size disadvantage in patenting by introducing a well-developed reward mechanism.     

Team Management： A Reflection on Leadership to Achieve Success

This study aims at rethinking the posture and attitude of professionals in, managerial and leadership positions, regarding the organizational management, showing that it is possible to motivate a team, valuing the human and maintaining a good working environment, with respect and collective participation towards a common good by focusing on problem solving regardless the resources that the company can offer to encourage and satisfy its employees. In order to prepare this study, survey was conducted from empirical studies, literature surveys, and qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in a company linked to the tobacco sector. The results show that companies are still adapting to new paradigms of the market and seek to achieve greater productivity with the accomplishment of teamwork, considering aspects such as leadership, motivation, and interpersonal relationships.     

Workplace isolation and job performance： A study on carpet weaving women

Workplace isolation has been recognized as a critical issue in organizational theory. Studies have found that employees who felt isolated might also show low performance in their organizations. However, there is very little empirical research about the relationship between perceived isolation and job performance, and most of the studies were conducted on salespeople working in the virtual offices. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between workplace isolation and job performance in terms of productivity and emotional outcomes of carpet weaver women. In order to do this, job performance of a sample of 238 employees who were exposed to a radical workplace change was analyzed. The means of the performance variables before and after five years of the workplace change were statistically compared via paired sample t-tests and the results indicated significant differences between pre and post means of the performance variables. A qualitative research was also carried out through a number of in-depth interviews with the carpet weavers to enrich the breadth and depth of the findings. Findings of the qualitative study replicated the results of the quantitative study that monotonous and unsocial working conditions lowered the job performance of the employees.     

Enhancing China＇s Innovation Performance： The Policy Choices

Transforming China into an innovation-driven economy has been one of the top priorities of the Chinese Government. This paper examines the policy choices involved in the extended national innovation performance framework for creating an open innovation system. Innovation capabilities, incentives and institutional frameworks are examined. The paper argues that China should continue to increase its investment in R ＆D and in education, and that there should also be an attempt to strengthen the incentive system at the macro, meso and micro levels. This strengthening may include reforms to： release the power of competition and guide resources towards innovative sectors; adopt appropriate human resource management, such as appraisal and remuneration systems; create effective policies for research funding management; and evaluate the efficiency of research to encourage the creativity of researchers, managers and employees. The paper also discusses the space for industrial policy in the 21st century.     

Integration of the economic contract and psychological contract

Economic contract and psychological contract are both important in enterprise human resources management. They are the emotional bands between the enterprise and employees, which depend on each other and have a tight connection with each other. The ultimate goal of an enterprise is the achievement and maintenance of psychological contract, but without economic contract, psychological contract will lack of innovation encouragement. The enterprise should implement system construction, dynamic contract management, total compensation management, emotional management and differential incentive to integrate the economic contract with psychological contract.     

The application of Participative Management training and its relationship to Thai cultural values： Is there a good fit？

This study examines the relationship between training in participative management （PM） and work-related cultural values and managerial attitudes toward PM. The sample 127 male and 117 female managerial employees at an international Thai corporation. The results indicated that contrary to expectations, paternalism is positively related to PM. The results are discussed in relation to Thai work-related cultural values and what may still be unknown about applying western management practices in other cultures. The results do not fit with western perceptions of what are appropriate relationships between cultural values and PM. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.     

The viable measure for hospitals？ --Healthcare expenditure forecasting under the global budget system

After the implementation of the global budget system, hospitals need to negotiate individual＇s healthcare budget in order to face the uncertainty of income and cost control. The major contribution of this study is to predict the increase of the inpatient healthcare expenditure using ARIMA model under the global budgets system to establish a better allocation rule for healthcare expenditure budget during the negotiation with the Bureau of National Health Insurance. The healthcare expenditure prediction model proposed in this paper will serve as a justification for hospitals＇ negotiation. Although Taiwan has abundant experiences implementing national health insurance, there are still a limited number of literatures concerning economic significance of the budget allocation rule. This paper intends to fulfill this gap. We find that as the individual healthcare expenditure increases, the number of physicians does not function as a bargaining chip. However, there are significant differences in the increase rate and quality of healthcare within the scope of insurance coverage and the increase rate of healthcare for healthy insured. The findings in this paper can serve as policy references in hospital management.     

The outline of research progress of authentic leadership＇s influence on subordinate＇s work satisfaction

The work attitude of employees is one of the primary concern of human resources management researchers, competition among enterprises is mainly about human capital, hence, research on authentic leadership and subordinate＇s work satisfaction is very important. There are many researches about this field. This article has summarized domestic and foreign research progress of authentic leadership and subordinate＇s work satisfaction.     

Management Science in Knowledge Management

Technological developments, globalization, and numerous information types have caused significant changes in every part of people＇s life. In this era, along with the occurrence of information society, organizations have also initiated this changing process. Nowadays, increasing competition in economy makes information the most valuable part of production. Management administration, which is of high importance for the firms and which provides advantage in sustainable competition, has become one of the most popular topics. From now on, information is an economical tool for organizations. The people, who have information, are evaluated as powerful. Moreover, if the organizations produce new information from available information, they move ahead of their opponents. Information is in the centre of financial and social change. Meanwhile, information has a key role in both societies＇ and foundations＇ superiority struggle over another. Knowledge management is a compile of strategies and processes for creating, finding, and exploiting information. Reaching, gathering, sharing, utilizing, evaluating, and storing information are some of the processes of knowledge management. One of the most important parts of obtaining advantage in competition firms is to evaluate information effectively. In this paper, information management, its importance, its conceptual development, its aim, its underlying perspective, and its processes are highlighted. In the results of the study, two questions have been studied： What can be done in addition to current situation of information management and what are the points need to be careful about. The main focus in this article is on the knowledge management and its importance in the management science.     

Strategic Drift and Strategic Crisis Management of Organization

The research reports how the choice of the organization behavior--strategic drift can lead to strategic crisis as a form of manifestation of a deepening organizational crisis. The research questions whose solution is sought are connected with the relation of strategic drift--strategic crisis--strategic crisis management, in terms of whether the errors in the process of strategic management lead to organizational crises. The results of the historical analysis of the theoretical research and practice in this field show the interdependence among these processes and the reasons for strategic crisis in support of the concept of strategic crisis management and its implementation in business. The study outlines the evolution of the theory of strategic drift, as well as opinions of various scientists on the types of crises, which are perceived as a uniform classification and universal interpretation of the term ＂strategic crisis＂. The organization＇s ＂strategic drift＂ leads to serious organizational crisis which first form that strategic crisis. Practice shows that the management of market leaders often leads to complacency, choosing strategy stability. Soon, as a result of aggressive strategies or implemented innovations of their competitors, they lose their competitive position.     

An empirical study of workplace learning roles for senior leisure farm managers

Now in Taiwan, some of the traditional agriculture has become the leisure farming with high added value which is developed in leisure farm. But at present, under the condition of limited resources, the leisure farm managers, especially the senior ones should pay attention to employees learning in the farms, in order to develop the human resources. So this study aimed at implementation a brand-new human resources development to solve the problem of the roles that the practitioners played in their learning activities. Consequently, the following conclusions are drawn： （1） Most of the managers are male with the ages above 38 and manage their farms more than three years, and then seniors over sixty-five years old account for about 30%; （2） The managers performed not bad and they have greater ambitions; （3） The roles that the senior managers played are almost the ＂environmental perceptivist＂ and ＂information-gatherer＂.     

A Study on Current and Future Guanxi Networks of China

Despite the abundant opportunities are presented by Chinese market, many foreign practitioners have commented that operating in China is more complex and time consuming than necessary, and of the 53 companies interviewed by Hong Kong＇s Bank of East Asia, 42% were reported not to be profitable （Economist Intelligence Union （EIU）, 1995）. Given the fact that China＇s potential as a market is unparalleled, while many foreign business practitioners have commented that operating in China is difficult to be profitable, and it is more complex and time consuming than it is necessary （Ewing, Garuana ＆ Wong, 1999）, a large number of researches on doing business hi China recogniZe the concept of Guanxi, a business relationship network, as the key for conducting successful business in China This study co llectsboth primary data and secondary data to explore the issues of Guanxi. The review on the secondary data helps to build the analysis techniques and study instruments. A survey questionnaire is developed after the study on the secondary data, and the primary data is collected from the surveys, which are faxed to sample groups in both Taiwan and Mainland China. The study on the Mainland China senior managers is to find the current Guanxi concept of China, while the Taiwan senior manager group and the Mainland China college student group are chosen to explore the future Guanxi changes. By using statistical techniques of the mean and standard deviation calculations, the t-test for two samples with equal variances, and the correlation test, the findings of this study help to answer the critical questions concerning the study objectives. The practical interpretation and implications of this study of Guanxi are gained from the summary of the statistical results. A conclusion and recommendations of this study on the Guanxi concepts are presented to business practitioners both inside and outside of China.     

Executive Compensation： Pay-for-Performance in High-Technology Firms

This study examines the relationship between corporate performance and the Chief Executive Officer （CEO） compensation in high-technology firms in the S＆P 500. The total short- and long-term CEO compensation in high-technology was compared with other industrial sectors from standard classification codes and tested in terms of corporate performance. The ExecuComp database was used to find the variables and to create a sample of firms between 2004 and 2010. Important corporate performance variables are used in this work, such as assets, employees, sales, net income, and earnings per share （EPS）, as reported by the firms for each year. A panel data GLS with a fixed effect model for time is estimated that describes total compensation for the period between 2004 and 2010. The result was aligned with the theory of executive compensations to address agency problems and to examine CEO pay-for-performance. The main objective of this paper is to consistently demonstrate that the performance is determined for the total CEO compensation for short- and long-term periods and to examine whether the total remunergttion paid to CEOs in high-technology firms in the S＆P 500 is related to corporate finance. This work provides a better understanding of the relationship between compensation and performance in high-technology firms. Results suggest that high-tech firms tend to use more sophisticated performance measurements to determine CEO compensation.     

Monitoring basic characteristics of various economic-geographic regions for economic integration possibility

Motivation of virtually all regional economic integration initiatives has been prospect of enhanced economic growth. Lower transaction costs for business, lower risks associated with investment, expansion of markets, pooling of regional resources, better utilization of economies of scale in production, and more efficient allocation of resources, are part of benefits of economic integration. However, it is indisputable that in order to achieve some of these benefits, strong national economic policies will need to be made by collecting accuracy and pure information about the possible economic partner region. Therefore in this study, the basic characteristics of various economic-geographic regions such as demographic trends, economic performance, structure of trade, technology diffusion ＆ creation and energy sources are investigated for economic integration possibility of these regions.     

The application of analytic hierarchy process in logistics enterprises personnel evaluation

With the gradual open-up of the market, foreign logistics companies who have already obtained market access will establish logistics business in China, which enhance the competition of our domestic logistics market. Personnel who have decisive role in the development of companies are the dominator of companies＇ resources and fashioner of their profit. To conduct analysis on their human resources the companies possess is to conduct test on the companies＇ market competitiveness. However, during to the non-by-the-job character of logistics enterprise services and its own feature of human resources, there is great difficulty in quantizing the question. The present essay selects analytic hierarchy process, combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis, thus form a set of scientific Logistics Enterprises Personnel Evaluation System.     

Process principle- The way to company＇s competitiveness

Seeking ways to increase company＇s competitiveness under current economic and social conditions brought us to investigate internal and external barriers. These reflect contradictions between participants to creation of company＇s output both in internal and external value creation process. These contradictions were identified and their causes are determined. That requires also considering about the trends that are characteristic of the current development in marketing where versatile development of customer orientation dominates. The general governing principle of overcoming the barriers to the growth of company＇s competitiveness is applied by the process approach in organisation and management. The mater is namely using the potential of supply chain management, as well as product and manufacture management, last but not least systematic creation of customer value with the objective of creating a loyal customer and employee.     

Understanding Business Relationship Management in China： A Power and Leverage Perspective

This paper examines whether a power and leverage perspective, successfully applied to analyse extended buyer-supplier relationships in a western context, can be used to analyse business relationships in China. A single embedded case study is presented in this paper and a power and leverage approach is used to analyse business relationships. The power and leverage perspective is applicable for investigating buyer-supplier relationships in a Chinese cultural context. However, in this context using power as coercion is an extremely counterproductive relationship management strategy, which can draw both buyers and suppliers in to a ＂no-win＂ or negative sum situation. The findings are based upon a single case, which makes drawing generalisable conclusions more difficult. In addition, although every effort was made to limit the subjectivity of the power and relationship analysis, researcher interpretation of the data was required. In the Chinese business context, it may not be advisable to manage any relationships in an arms-length manner. Chinese business networks are centred on less explicit or formal power relationships and therefore companies that have learnt the rules of the game of exchange in the west need to modify their approach in China. This work extends the understanding of buyer-supplier relationships and provides additional empirical evidence validating a power and leverage perspective. In addition, the paper provides the first assessment of whether this approach can be used in a non-western context without significant modification.     

Effects of Social Capital,Top Executive Attributes and R＆D on Firm Value in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

This study uses an unbalanced panel data analysis to examine the effects of social capital, top executive attributes and R ＆D on firm value in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Board from 2007 to 2011. There are several interesting findings. First, the gender （male） and academic degree of the chairperson in the SMEs have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Second, social capital （measured by politieal connections, managerial business association networks and technology association networks） and R＆D have a positive effect on SME firm value. Third, the effect of politieal connections on firm value for state-owned enterprises （SOEs） is stronger than for non-SOEs, while the effect of business and technology networks on firm value for non-SOEs is stronger than for SOEs. Our study has important policy implications for SMEs that want to compete successfully in China.