产业关联、技术差距与外商直接投资的技术溢出

本文运用非均衡面板数据的广义矩估计,从产业关联和技术差距的角度考察了外商直接投资对中国纺织业的技术溢出效应.经验分析结论表明,外商直接投资主要通过水平关联和后向关联对纺织业内资企业产生溢出效应;外商直接投资是否通过水平关联促进内资企业生产效率的改善还取决于内外资企业间的技术差距,只有当内外资企业技术差距小于门限值时,外...     

外商直接投资对内资企业技术效率的溢出渠道研究

本文将讨论外商直接投资(FDI)是否能通过各种溢出渠道提高国内企业生产技术效率。为进一步衡量FDI对内资企业生产效率的溢出渠道效应,本文首先运用随机前沿(stochasticfrontier)生产函数,分析1999～2002年中国37个工业行业中内资企业的总体技术效率,并测度出各行业的有效技术效率值;其次运用面板数据(paneldata)回归方法,衡量外商直接投资对国内企业技术效率的溢出效应。     

国外FDI行业间溢出效应实证研究综述

外国直接投资(FDI)行业间溢出效应是较行业内溢出效应更具现实意义的研究领域。本文对近几年国外相关文献进行了回顾与分析。结果表明:20世纪90年代对发展中国家与转型经济国家的微观面板研究之所以未能发现FDI生产率正溢出效应的依据,主要原因之一是忽视了前向与后向关联效应。目前的实证结果已经证明了这一点。此外,通过分析这些国外最新文献的研究设计特色,能对今后国内学者开展此项研究有所助益。     

国外FDI行业间溢出效应实证研究综述北大核心CSSCISSCI

外国直接投资(FDI)行业间溢出效应是较行业内溢出效应更具现实意义的研究领域。本文对近几年国外相关文献进行了回顾与分析。结果表明:20世纪90年代对发展中国家与转型经济国家的微观面板研究之所以未能发现FDI生产率正溢出效应的依据,主要原因之一是忽视了前向与后向关联效应。目前的实证结果已经证明了这一点。此外,通过分析这些国外最新文献的研究设计特色,能对今后国内学者开展此项研究有所助益。     

地域因素、行业特征与FDI的技术溢出效应——基于珠三角地区面板数据的实证研究

本文运用基于DEA的Malmquist指数方法分析珠三角地区1996～2007年28个内资制造行业全要素生产率(TFP)及其分解变量的变化规律,考察了外商直接投资的技术溢出效应与地区经济增长的关系。经研究发现FDI从整体上对内资制造行业产生了正溢出效应,且这种溢出效应主要通过后向关联效应在技术进步方面得以实现。     

FDI行业间技术溢出效应的实证研究——基于全球价值链的视角

国内现有研究FDI行业间技术溢出的文献相对较少,特别是没有结合跨国公司FDI按照全球价值链进行布局的背景进行分析。本文选取2001～2006年两位码国民经济行业中8个行业的面板数据,考察了购买者驱动类型和生产者驱动类型的全球价值链下跨国公司在华FDI行业间技术溢出的效应和途径。结果发现,我国纺织、服装、家具等劳动密集型行业中前向溢出和后向溢出的效应都比较明显,后向溢出的效应大于前向溢出的效应;我国电子通讯、计算机等资本技术密集型行业并没有从外资企业获得明显的行业间溢出,上游的FDI反而对内资企业的生产率带来负面影响。     

外商直接投资的技术溢出的进一步检验——基于中国东中西部不同时间阶段分析

外商直接投资的技术溢出效应对东道国技术进步有着重要影响,进而,并影响着东道国经济增长的可持续性.本文拟利用1988-2006年中国29个省市自治区直辖市的面板数据,将中国外商直接投资状况在不同时间段进行科学合理的划分,通过建立技术进步与外商直接投资技术溢出效应的分析模型,分析我国外商直接投资技术溢出在不同时间段、不同地区的溢出效应以及对中国技术进步的作用,从而为囡时制宜、因地制宜地正确制定外商投资决策提供科学有效的依据.     

外国直接投资的行业内与行业间溢出效应:哪些行业受益?

本文运用2000至2005年省际分行业的数据,对外国直接投资的水平、后向和前向溢出效应进行了检验和分析.经分析发现,在样本期间和地区,外国直接投资的溢出效应并不十分明显.溢出效应主要体现在对内资企业生产前沿的影响上,其中,消费品或轻工业产品行业的内资企业主要从FDI的前向溢出效应中受益;采掘、资本品或重工业行业的内资企业主要从FDI的后向溢出效应中受益;水平溢出效应大多为负,体现了外企竞争的不利影响.     

FDI、行业间联系与溢出效应——基于我国制造业行业面板数据的实证分析

本文采用1999～2003年28个制造业行业的面板数据进行实证分析,以期说明制造业行业是否存在外资行业内横向溢出和行业间纵向溢出效应(后向联系和前向联系)。利用动态面板数据的系统广义矩估计方法(SystemGMM),克服了要素投入的内生性问题和前期的生产率冲击后,实证结果表明,对制造业的内资而言,外资的后向联系效应作用明显,说明后向联系确实是外资技术溢出的重要渠道,而行业内溢出效应和前向联系效应表现为不明显的正向影响。     

外商直接投资行业间技术溢出研究综述

外商直接投资技术溢出发生的机制更有可能是通过行业间而非行业内。文章对国内外相关文献进行了回顾，结果表明：FDI的行业间溢出会受到内外资企业的技术差距、国内企业的出口导向、联系成本、东道国金融市场发展状况等因素的影响。     

Do Chinese domestic firms benefit from FDI inflow?: Evidence of horizontal and vertical spillovers

Using a large panel dataset covering all manufacturing firms (above a minimum scale) in China from 1998 to 2005, this paper examines whether there exist productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to domestic firms. In estimating productivity, we control for a possible simultaneity bias by using semi-parametric estimation techniques. We find that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (HMT) invested firms generate negative horizontal spillovers, while Non-HMT foreign invested firms (mostly from OECD countries) tend to bring positive horizontal spillovers in China. These two opposing horizontal effects seem to cancel out at the aggregate level. We also find strong and robust vertical spillover effects on both state-owned firms and non-state firms. However, vertical spillover effects from export-oriented FDI are weaker than those from domestic-market-oriented FDI.     

劳动力供给、生产率与外商直接投资工资外溢效应

本文利用中国1999-2007年441个四位码工业行业数据,考察外商直接投资在产业内部和产业之间,通过直接影响劳动力市场供给方式和间接生产率外溢方式对中国内资行业的工资外溢效应。研究结果表明:(1)外商直接投资(FDI)通过直接和间接方式对中国内资行业工资在产业内部和产业之间都产生了显著的正向外溢效应;(2)国有行业比重提高会显著促进FDI通过劳动力供给方式对内资行业产生工资外溢效应,但同样会显著阻碍FDI通过间接的生产率外溢方式对内资行业产生工资外溢效应;(3)FDI对内资劳动密集型行业的工资外溢效应显著高于资本密集型行业,FDI进入显著缩小了中国不同劳动生产率工业部门的工资收入差距。     

Which firms benefit from foreign direct investment? Empirical evidence from Indonesian manufacturing

Despite growing concern regarding the productivity benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI), very few studies have been conducted on the impact of FDI on firm-level technical efficiency. This study helps fill this gap by empirically examining the spillover effects of FDI on the technical efficiency of Indonesian manufacturing firms. A panel data stochastic production frontier (SPF) method is applied to 3318 firms surveyed over the period 1988–2000. The results reveal evidence of positive FDI spillovers on technical efficiency. Interesting differences emerge however when the samples are divided into two efficiency levels. High-efficiency domestic firms receive negative spillovers, in general, while low-efficiency firms gain positive spillovers. These findings justify the hypothesis of efficiency gaps, that the larger is the efficiency gap between domestic and foreign firms the easier the former extracts spillover benefits from the latter.     

经济转型下FDI溢出及其对能源效率影响的门槛特征分析

文章采用面板门槛回归模型及中国1995-2014年的省际数据，研究引发FDI对能源效率地区内和地区间的溢出效应在相关制度性因素下的门槛效应。研究发现，转型中的各区域FDI对能源效率的溢出效果受到产业结构合理化、市场化水平及对外开放力度等因素的影响，并具有显著的门槛特征。地方政府竞争引致下的地区间FDI空间溢出对能源效率的影响也具有非线性的门槛效应。地区间溢出相比于地区内溢出而言更倾向于阻碍本地区能源效率的提升，且地区间溢出比地区内溢出发挥积极作用所要求的相应门槛更高。文章最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

FDI研发溢出效应对内资企业劳动生产率影响研究——以广东机动车和电子业为例

本研究比较了FDI研发活动对广东本地机动车和电子企业劳动生产率的影响.在机动车业,FDI和本地组装企业对本地零件供应企业都具有垂直溢出效应;对于水平溢出效应,以销售额为权重的水平溢出效应使得本地内资企业劳动生产率提高,而零件供应业的FDI按照人力资本为权重的水平溢出效应并没有提高本地零件供应企业的劳动生产率,竞争者之间的水平溢出效应与存在互补关系双方的垂直溢出效应相比,相对较弱.对于电子业,垂直溢出效应较小,而无论是以销售额为权重还是以就业人员为权重,电子业的水平溢出效应都不显著.     

FDI productivity spillovers and the technology gap in Malaysia's electrical and electronic industries

This study measures the impact of indirect technology transfer through spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) on Malaysia's development of a ‘high‐tech’ sector, namely the electrical and electronic (E&E) industries. We estimate the total factor productivity (TFP) of establishments as a function of foreign presence within and across industries. Both the fixed assets and wages share of foreign establishments in a five‐digit ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classification) industry are used as measures of foreign presence. The estimations provide evidence of significantly negative (or insignificant) FDI vertical spillover effects and insignificant horizontal spillover effects on the TFP of domestic establishments. The positive (negative) coefficient of the interaction term between the forward (horizontal) spillover variable and the technology gap supports the ‘catching‐up’ (technology accumulation) hypothesis. The negative impact, even absence, of FDI spillover effects on TFP and the mixed evidence on the effects of interactions between FDI spillovers and the technology gap suggest that fine‐tuning of fiscal incentive schemes for FDI to arrive at positive net benefits may prove to be a daunting task in the Malaysian E&E industries.     

国际技术溢出与我国生产率的变化：基于FDI和进口渠道的研究

本文利用1990—2007年的省际面板数据,在测算我国省际全要素生产率及其变化的基础上,分析了基于FDI和进口渠道的国际技术溢出对我国全要素生产率的影响。研究表明,通过外商直接投资和进口的技术溢出均显著地促进了我国生产率的增长,但随着FDI和进口额的增加,其对生产率增长的促进作用是递减的。人力资本对提高生产率,加快生产率增长速度均具有显著的促进作用。本文最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

市场是否可以换来技术进步？——来自广东省工业部门面板数据的实证分析

本文首先构建了一个考虑FDI的中间产品质量提高型内生经济增长模型，然后运用Panel Data计量方法对广东1997～2002年39个工业行业的数据对理论模型进行了实证检验，检验结果表明：FDI对广东省内资工业部门有正向的技术外溢效应，但效应有限；而负向的竞争效应和人力资本流动效应却大大超过了正向的技术外溢效应。另外对不同所有制结构的企业研究还表明，改制后的国有企业是外资外溢效应的最大受益者。最后是相应的政策建议。     

Export spillover from foreign direct investment in China during pre- and post-WTO accession

This study investigates the effects of export spillover from foreign direct investment (FDI) before and after China’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession, with particular consideration of the FDI source country and firm ownership structure. It uses a Chinese manufacturing firm-level panel dataset, for the period 1998–2007. In general, there are no spillover effects among state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This study finds negative horizontal and positive vertical spillovers associated with FDI from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan (HMT) among non-SOEs. Furthermore, non-HMT FDI, which is predominantly from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, have statistically significant positive horizontal and vertical spillover effects on the export performance of private Chinese firms. Positive forward spillovers occurred only after China joined the WTO, while positive backward spillovers existed during both the pre- and post-WTO periods. China’s entry into the WTO intensified the forward linkage of production, implying that greater availability of high-quality inputs produced by non-HMT foreign multinationals benefited the export performance of private domestic firms.     

The Role of the Efficiency Gap for Spillovers from FDI: Evidence from the UK Electronics and Engineering Sectors

This paper focuses on the role of the efficiency gap in determining whether or not domestic firms benefit from productivity spillovers from FDI. We use establishment level data for the period 1980–1992 for the UK. Given that there is substantial heterogeneity of productivity across sectors we focus on two manufacturing sectors in detail, namely, electronics and engineering. We allow for different effects of FDI on establishments located at different quantiles of the productivity distribution by using conditional quantile regression. Overall, while there is some heterogeneity in results across sectors and quantiles, our findings clearly suggest that the efficiency gap matters for productivity spillover benefits. We find evidence for a u-shaped relationship between productivity growth and FDI interacted with the efficiency gap. We also analyse in some detail the impact of changes in relative efficiency on establishments’ ability to benefit from spillovers.