The Income Splitting Method: Is it Good for Both Marriage Partners?

Abstract. This paper analyzes how deviating from individual taxation affects married couples. The focus is on time allocation, on investment in family‐specific human capital and on distribution of income within the family. Two insights are discussed in detail. First, the distribution of tax‐reduction gains due to the income splitting system depends on whether the family has been started or not. After marriage, joint taxation increases redistribution among family members. Second, although joint taxation reduces the tax burden of the family, it might harm the marriage partner that is more productive in household production provided that potential marriage partners foresee the effects of joint filing on the time allocation within the family.     

车道被占用对城市道路通行能力的影响分析

针对车道被占用对城市道路通行能力的影响问题,本文对题中所给的附件与数据进行统计分析,分别建立了车道被占用状态下的通行能力模型和格林希尔治模型,得到了道路实际通行能力的变化趋势和差异、,车辆排队长度与其他变量的关系以及信号灯对车辆排队的影响。最后,本文还提出了车道被占用的解决方案.     

David Golumbia,The Politics of Bitcoin: Software as Right-Wing Extremism

The Review of Austrian Economics -     

The Latvian Road to the Euro

The article presents the situation in Latvia ahead of the country＇s adoption of the euro by offering an analysis of the extent to which the country is prepared for the move and of general economic difficulties as well as indicating possible threats to its future development. The article talks about difficulties caused by the great unemployment connected with the specific economy of the country, political problems of the post-socialistic multinational country and steps done towards the fulfilling of all the convergence criteria. Its aim is to present the moments around the change of the currency which is done by the material＇s analysis because there are not enough statistical data for the mathematical analysis. It can be concluded that the adoption of the euro will probably be beneficial in the long run for Latvia＇s economy. The conclusions may be done by comparison with the situation of Estonia and its foreign trade with Poland which is shown in the article because there are a lot of similarities between the two Baltic countries.     

Innovation Process 'Fuel Cell Vehicle': What Strategy Promises to be Most Successful?

Many car manufacturers recognize fuel cell vehicles as future substitutes for conventional cars with internal combustion engines. According to press releases and brochures, different strategic approaches of the automobile companies to fuel cell technology can be identified. These strategies match to a high degree the market entry strategies known from strategic marketing literature. A system dynamics model that reflects the beginning innovation process and the strategic approaches of a pioneer (first to market), an early follower (early to market) and a late follower (late to market) has been built. It examines the future prospects of the car manufacturers' strategies in three different scenarios, which illuminate possible future developments of external influences like politics or fuel infrastructure.     

转型创新:中国企业制胜之道

我国一些企业陷入困境由来已久,金融危机成为导火索,长久以来的痼疾加速暴露。国际金融危机传递的信息表明,过去许多传统的发展模式已发挥到了极致,加速企业转型创新势在必行。因此,在危机中发展生存能力和创造机遇,着力转型创新,是企业制胜的关键。     

市场经济与计划经济相结合: 中国经济快速和谐发展的有效模式

市场经济从产生以后创造了极其辉煌的成就，它在自身发展中不断完善。形成了现代市场经济。中国社会主义市场经济建设要防止市场经济的负面影响，必须要发挥计划经济的优势，使计划经济与市场经济的正面效用有机地结合起来。这是建设社会主义现代化必须采取的形式。     

专题：纪念加尔布雷斯——权力和良知：加尔布雷斯的政治

作为经济学家,加尔布雷斯给二十世纪后半叶的美国政治史和思想史留下了深刻印记。本文首先试图揭示内在于加尔布雷斯经济学中的道德和社会关怀之特性,指出其本身就是一种旨在和政治达成相容和互动关系的经济学。文章着重考察1950年代初至1970年代中期加尔布雷斯的政治活动,从中凸现如下主旨:加尔布雷斯之于政治权力,无论是襄助和介入,还是离弃和批判,都始终致力于把良知注入其中,也始终保持了知识分子的独立性和批判精神。加尔布雷斯不仅以学术和思想,而且以政治行动塑造了一个卓越的知识分子典范。     

应对WTO:关键是培植核心竞争力

我国加入ＷＴＯ后,企业将面临更激烈的市场竞争,要取得竞争优势,关键是要打造核心竞争力。本文从企业参与国际市场竞争的战略高度,提出了培植和提升企业核心竞争力的途径。     

A Good Opening: The Key to Make the Most of Unilateral Climate Action

In this paper we argue that when a subgroup of countries cooperate on emission reduction, the optimal response of non-signatory countries reflects the interaction between three potentially opposing factors, the incentive to free-ride on the environmental benefits of cooperation, the incentive to expand energy consumption, and the incentive to adopt the cleaner technologies introduced by the coalition. Using an Integrated Assessment Model with a game-theoretic structure we find that the equilibrium abatement of the coalition composed by OECD countries would be moderate, in line with the Pledges subscribed in Copenhagen, but increasing. The mitigation strategy would consist of investments in energy R&D and deployment of cleaner technologies with high learning potentials. International knowledge and technology externalities would facilitate the diffusion of cleaner technologies in non-signatory countries, offsetting the free-riding incentive and reducing their emissions. If the OECD group curbs emissions beyond the optimal equilibrium level, reaching reduction rates between 40 and 45 % below 2005 levels in 2050, the benefits of technology externalities would no longer compensate the effect of lower fossil fuel prices. Our results suggest that a moderate unilateral climate policy could induce a virtuous behaviour in non-signatory countries and that policies promoting the international transfer of technologies and knowledge could represent an effective complement to mitigation targets.     

Paving the Road to Export: Assessing the Trade Impact of Road Quality

Assessing the trade impacts of domestic transport costs is data demanding and analyses that examine the effects of road quality, a critical aspect in regional and public policy, practically do not exist in the international trade literature. The few studies available rely mostly on distance-based measures as proxies of transport costs which impede analyzing the trade effects of transport-infrastructure improvements. In this paper, we combine highly disaggregated records of export flows with detailed geo-referenced information of the Colombian transport network, including its road quality, as well as real measures of transport costs of shipping goods within the country to measure the trade impacts of improving road quality. We find that the trade effects of improvements in road quality are relatively small on average; however, there is considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effects. We show that longer routes have larger shares of their roads in poor conditions; accordingly, the trade impacts of shipments originated in remote regions are found to be quite substantial.     

新产品开发的新思维

从新产品开发策略定位、新产品开发组织结构安排和新产品开发流程管理3个层次讨论了产品开发的成功之道。     

Investors Facing Opportunistic Governments: Is it Really Good to “Know the Market” before Investing?

When a government cannot commit to future policies, investors face the risk of opportunistic behavior in addition to uncertain market conditions. We show that although reducing market uncertainty is sometimes essential for investment, it may aggravate problems of opportunism. The better informed the investor is before investing, the more information the government can infer from observing that investment takes place, in turn enabling more efficient rent extraction. This signaling effect can dominate; if the investor receives "too accurate" information before investing, the only equilibrium is the one in which no investment occurs.
JEL classification : D 82; L 51     

寻求保本基金发展的中国道路

在我国当前的金融市场环境下,是否存在发展保本基金的空间?保本基金的发展会对整个基金市场形成哪些方面的影响?在不少基金管理公司开始将产品转向保本基金时,由于当前我国的市场缺乏成熟市场上保本基金运作所需要的金融衍生产品市场、金融机构担保等市场因素,使得这些问题引发了激烈的争论。     

农业结构调整要走产业化之路

改革开放以来，河北省农业产业结构经历了几次适应性调整，但仍存在一些问题。因此，大力推进农业产业结构实现战略性调整，是当今及今后较长时期农村经济发展所面临的一项紧迫而又重大的任务。能否完成这个任务，对于农村经济乃至整个国民经济的持续、快速、健康发展具有决定性作用。影响农业结构调整的宏观因素有多方面，下面从生产技术、市场功能及生产者行为方面做一些简要分析，并提出相应对策。一、农业产业结构调整所面临的困难及问题１．由于农民生产观念和自身素质的局限，结构调整将受到长期的负面影响。农民是农业结构调整的主体…     

The Postmodern Road to Socialism,After Hayek

The Australian policy of reconciliation between indigenous people and non-indigenous settlers is seen as a precursor to recent American efforts to solve its race relations problems via a policy of racial reconciliation. The empirical context of the problem of racial inequality in Australia is presented and the theoretical context of the Australian reconciliation process is discussed. Described is the concept of white privilege and explained is a context that views American policies on race relations as largely lacking new ideas and viable strategies for remedying racial and ethnic economic inequality. Qualitative findings are discussed based on interviews of Aboriginal and white intellectuals inside and outside Australian universities supporting an optimistic assessment of the likely success of racial reconciliation as a policy instrument in Australia. Less optimism is expressed for the success of that policy in the United States.     

The Gift Paradox: Complex Selves and Symbolic Good

Generous unemployment benefits are a conventional explanation of the high rates of unemployment in many OECD countries. However, this perception has been challenged on the basis that cross-national evidence comes only from regression analyses of unemployment on the OECD's gross replacement rate but that results are not robust to improved, multidimensional measures of generosity. In this article, I conduct a detailed empirical analysis of how social welfare programs affect unemployment in 17 OECD countries, from 1975 to 2000, using a detailed concept of labor “decommodification” to make cross-national comparisons of generosity. The results show that unemployment benefits remain an important, robust determinant of unemployment even when the new measure is used.     

科研组织应该控制其衍生企业吗——基于中国上市科研组织衍生企业的研究

创办衍生企业是科研组织实现科技成果转化的重要途径之一。在衍生企业创办之初，科研组织作为“家长”，在衍生企业成长过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色，但随着衍生企业逐渐发展壮大，科研组织作为学术机构参与企业经营管理的弊端也逐步显现。同时，伴随着衍生企业不断成长，对外来资本的需求增加，母体科研组织面临股权被稀释，甚至失去控制权的问题。那么，当衍生企业发展到一定规模，母体科研组织作为衍生企业实际控制人是利大于弊还是弊大于利？以中国境内上市科研组织衍生企业为样本，分析科研组织衍生企业母体控制权对企业绩效的影响，结果发现，科研组织作为衍生企业实际控制人时，企业绩效更优。