Conquering or mapping? Textbooks and the dissemination of human capital theory in applied economics

Textbooks are an important subject for the study of science in general and economics in particular. In this paper, we analyse at the process of the acceptance of human capital theory through its inclusion in economics textbooks by looking at two specialized fields to which this theory became highly influential: labour economics and the economics of education. The analysis will compare the patterns of the dissemination of these new theoretical developments in a more consolidated field and in an emergent field of economics research with a particular focus in the early stages of that dissemination process.     

Temporary Migration, Human Capital, and Language Fluency of Migrants

This paper investigates human capital investment of immigrants whose duration in the host country is limited, either by contract or by their own choice. The first part of the paper develops a model which distinguishes between temporary migrations where the return time is exogenous or optimally chosen. The analysis has a number of interesting implications for empirical work, some of which are explored in the second part of the paper. The analysis focuses on language capital and tests the hypothesis that country specific human capital investments are sensitive to the duration in the host country's labour market. The results show that the acquisition of language capital is sensitive to the intended duration in the host country.     

Can Labor Emigration Affect the Education of Girls? Evidence from Tajikistan

This study examines how large-scale, predominantly male emigration affects the education of girls staying in Tajikistan, the poorest post-Soviet state and one of the most remittance-dependent economies in the world. Using data from a three-wave household panel survey conducted in 2007, 2009, and 2011, this study finds that the net effect of migration on girls’ schooling turns from positive to negative with girls’ age. These results lend support to various conceptual channels through which the emigration of household members may affect girls’ education, including the relaxation of budget constraints, a change of the household head, and an increase in household work. At the practical level, the results imply that migration can be detrimental to women’s empowerment and cast doubt on whether emigration is an appropriate long-term development strategy for Tajikistan.     

资本市场开放与经济稳定增长—对东南亚国家的实证分析及其启示

20世纪90年代,国际资本的急剧流动引发了东南亚的金融危机。国际资本的短期性和投机性,以及它对发展中国家的资本市场、汇率、外汇储备和金融体系的强烈冲击,应当引起我们的深思。资本市场的开放,必须建立在国内金融体系的改革和实质经济市场化转型的基础上。     

上海市未来人口和人力资本的变化趋势分析

利用多状态模型,预测了上海市未来30年人口规模、年龄结构、城市化水平,以及人力资本的变化趋势。无论从上海市经济发展对于劳动力的需求,还是上海市的人口结构看,一定数量的迁移人口对于上海经济和人口的健康发展是有积极意义的。     

中国人口、人力资本变化趋势

利用多状态人口预测模型,以2000年人口普查为基础数据,在对数据进行评估和修订的基础上,综合相关研究成果对未来生育水平、死亡水平、人口迁移和教育转换等参数进行估计,预测了2000年到2030年人口规模的变化,对未来人口的年龄结构特别是老龄化和未来人口和劳动年龄人口的人力资本进行了预测,并分析了城市化和人口迁移对我国未来人口发展的影响。预测结果对我国编制人口规划、制定应对老龄化、提高人力资本和合理利用劳动力的有关政策具有重要意义。     

从人力资本视角分析中国服务贸易竞争力

在当今全球经济中,服务贸易在一固经济结构中的份顿,在一定程度上反映了该国的国际竞争力和固际化水平.长期以来.中国服务贸易竞争优势主要仰仗于成本低廉、总量丰富的低端劳动力.但随着中国经济进入\"刘易斯转折点\",快速的人口转变将导致人口红利的短缺.廉价劳动力驱动的服务贸易增长方式也将宣告结束.为此,必须大力开发人力资源,提升人力资本水平,用质量替代数量.实现服务贸易的可持续发展.     

The returns to general experience,job and occupational tenure: a study using Australian panel data

This article uses Australian panel data for the years 2001–2009 to estimate returns to general experience, job and occupational tenure. We pay particular attention to issues of unobserved heterogeneity bias in our estimations. We find that both general experience and occupational tenure have statistically and numerically significant effects on wage outcomes, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Job tenure on the other hand only seems to matter in OLS regressions that do not control for heterogeneity biases. Once these biases are controlled for, only a modest effect from job tenure remains. The inclusion of occupational tenure in the estimating equation tends to negate even this modest job tenure effect. The only exception to this is for workers in large organizations. For these workers a small but statistically significant effect from job tenure remains, even once we have controlled for heterogeneity and included occupational tenure in the estimating equation. The results reported in this article have implications for the various theories of the labour market that predict upward-sloping wage-job-tenure profiles.     

区域人力资本投资水平研究——基于山东17地市的数据分析

一个地区人力资本投资水平的高低,是由许多因素共同决定的,因此要比较分析地区间人力资本投资水平的差异,就需要考虑更多的影响因素,这就需要建立一个较为全面的影响因素集合,来共同反映人力资本投资水平。通过构建评价指标体系,以山东省17个地市作为评价对象,选取2006年的统计数据,采用因子分析法对山东省各地区的人力资本投资水平进行评价,并为各城市人力资本投资提供一定的建议。     

Disentangling the migration-trade nexus: the pro-trade effects of immigrants and emigrants in the presence of vertical and horizontal product differentiation

This paper presents an exploration of the migration-trade nexus taking the case of Italy by crossing the two dimensions of migration (immigration and emigration) and the two dimensions of intra-industry trade (vertical and horizontal). This empirical strategy proves useful in refining interpretation of econometric results. In general, we find that both immigration and emigration are positively and significantly related to intra-industry trade. However, the magnitude and the statistical significance of the impact of migration on trade vary, depending on the type of trade flows considered (vertical or horizontal), the direction of migration (immigration or emigration) and the partner countries considered (OECD or non-OECD). In particular, we find that immigrants from non-OECD countries have a positive and significant impact on both ‘variety trade’ and ‘quality trade’, while immigrants from OECD countries significantly affect ‘variety trade’ only. Emigrants to non-OECD countries have positive effect only on ‘variety trade’. These findings are largely consistent with predictions deriving from theoretical models of intra-industry trade and from the literature on migration-trade nexus.     

人力资本在农民增收中的作用分析

笔者采用一个农业大省的农户调查资料,分析了农村人力资本在农民收入增长中的作用。结论表明,家庭劳动力平均受教育年限显著增加农民人均纯收入;有劳动力接受过相关技术培训的家庭,人均纯收入显著高于没有劳动力接受过技术培训的家庭;家庭接受过技术培训的劳动力数量增加可以显著提高农民人均纯收入水平。     

当今国际劳工迁移现状、特点和政策趋向

国际劳工迁移是国际政治经济和人口发展不平衡的结果,由于劳动力的相对短缺,许多发达国家和发展中国家都积极从国外引进本国所需要的劳动力。本文在对主要地区和国家的国际劳工迁移的现状分析后,发现当今国际劳工迁移呈现出众多特点。为避免国际劳工迁移给本国社会经济带来负面影响,一些国家对国际移民政策进行了调整,并采取了一些行之有效的对策和措施：大力开发国内劳动力市场,积极采用新技术,将劳动密集性产业和低附加值的产品布置在劳动力资源丰富的邻国,大力引进高技术人才等。