Developing Countries' Changing Participation in World Trade

Recent years have seen substantial reductions in trade policyand other barriers inhibiting developing country participationin world trade. Lower barriers have contributed to a dramaticshift in the pattern of developing country trade—awayfrom dependence on commodity exports to much greater relianceon manufactures and services. In addition, exports to otherdeveloping countries have become much more important. Thesechanges have profound implications for the role played by developingcountries in the world economy and trade system.      

战争阴影下的金融

11月13日,美国国会通过了总额高达3930亿美元的2003财政年度国防预算法案,这一数字比上年度上升15%,是20年来最大的升幅.参议院当日以口头表决的形式通过了这一法案,众议院已于11月12日晚批准了该法案.预计布什将签署该法案,使之成为正式法律.     

国际贸易理论中要素价格均等化条件的扩展

要素价格均等化定理是国际贸易理论中的重要定理。由于有了这个定理从而简化了国际经济中的经济分析,因而讨论要素价格均等化的条件就成为国际贸易论中的一个重要课题。Deardorff(1994)提出了要素价格均等化的一个必要条件,但被证明了他的条件在一般情况下并不是要素价格均等化的充分条件。本文给出了保证要素价格均等化成立的一个充分条件。     

China in the World Trade Organization: Antidumping and Safeguards

China finds itself in a unique situation on antidumping andsafeguard issues. It is by far the main target of antidumpingmeasures, but (so far) one of the smallest users of such measures.China's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession protocol includesstringent antidumping and safeguard provisions that its tradingpartners may use against its exports. The article examines threerelated concerns: how quickly large developing economies canbecome intensive users of antidumping measures, an evolutionraising concerns about China's recent antidumping enforcement;how China could minimize its exposure to foreign antidumpingcases, a recipe for both improving trade outcomes and for China'staking a leading role in reforming WTO antidumping; and theopportunities that the Doha Round of trade negotiations offerto China for negotiating stricter disciplines both on WTO contingentprotection and on the use by China's trading partners of thespecial provisions included in China's accession protocol.     

Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

Data from China's national rural and urban household surveysare used to measure and explain the welfare impacts of changesin goods and factor prices attributable to accession to theWorld Trade Organization. The price changes are estimated separatelyusing a general equilibrium model to capture both direct andindirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfareimpacts are first-order approximations based on a householdmodel incorporating own-production activities calibrated tohousehold-level data and imposing minimum aggregation. The resultsshow negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate.However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions,associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and incomesources, with possible implications for compensatory policyresponses.     

Tracking Distortions in Agriculture: China and Its Accession to the World Trade Organization

This article examines the impacts of China's accession to theWorld Trade Organization (WTO) on prices in its agriculturalsector. The analysis uses a new methodology to estimate nominalprotection rates in China's agricultural sector before its accessionto the WTO. These new measures account for differences in commodityquality within China and between China and world markets. Theanalysis shows that some of China's agricultural commoditiesare well above world market prices and others are well below.The article also assesses market integration and efficiencyin China. It finds high degrees of integration between coastaland inland markets and between regional and village markets.The remarkable improvements in market performance in recentyears mean that if increased imports or exports affect China'sdomestic price near the border, producers throughout most ofChina will feel the price shifts.     

美国世贸中心恐怖袭击事件殃及多家会计师事务所

据美国媒体报道,在9月11日遭恐怖分子袭击的美国世界贸易中心双子星大楼中,有多家会计师事务所受到损失.     

国际贸易与国际绿色贸易的比较

WTO新一轮谈判的一个重要议题,就是要建立合理的规范,既解决贸易与环境间的矛盾,又不使贸易自由化受阻。绿色贸易已涉及到国际贸易的各个方面,也将是对一个国家综合经济实力提高能力的考验。     

中国——东盟自由贸易区的老中贸易效应研究

本文利用引力模型对1990-2009年期间老挝和中国的贸易数据进行分析,考察中国-东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)的建立对老挝和中国之间进出口贸易的影响.实证结果表明:CAFTA的建立显著促进了老挝对中国的出口,老挝自中国进口量的增长并不显著.     

世界关税税率下降与全球贸易自由化进展:多边、区域和单边

近年来,世界各国不断降低本国进口产品关税税率,持续推进贸易自由化,许多发展中国家也积极参与区域或多边贸易自由化协定,进而缩小了与美国的关税税率差异.即使在2008年全球金融危机的情况下,一些发展中国家也没有使用提高关税税率的方法进行贸易保护,使得危机期间世界性关税税率没有上升.新冠肺炎疫情的冲击使许多国家感受到全球价值链多样化和多元化的重要性,二十国集团所采取的贸易便利化措施也超过了贸易限制措施,在越来越多的国家加快贸易自由化步伐的情况下,全球贸易自由化不会停步,更不会终结.     

The World Bank and poverty

During the 1970s it was World Bank policy to use its funds to raise the productivity and living standards of the poor. It has increased its lending for sector and subsectors considered to offer the most direct benefits to the poor such as rural development, population, health, and nutrition. Projects with particular emphasis on poverty have benefitted large numbers of poor people and have had good economic rates of return. Lending for rural projects increased in the 1970s from US$2.6 billion in 1969-73 to over US$13 billion in 1978-81; rural development projects audited in 1979 benfitted 660 small farmers for every US$1 million loaned compared with 47 farmers/US$1 million in other agricultural projects. Some problems are: 1) low-risk technical packages appropriate for poor farmers in semi-arid rainfed areas are not readily available; 2) the Bank's rural development strategy seeks mainly to raise the production of small farms, but other aspects need to be emphasized; 3) domestic pricing and postharvest policies often undermine the success of projects aimed at the rural poor; and 4) success in rural development often rests on sociological and cultural factors, difficult areas that deserve more attention. For urban areas the Bank has strongly endorsed providing "sites and sources" instead of structures; since 1972, 52 Bank projects centered on urban shelter involving US$1.6 billion have been undertaken. Cost recovery is established at 66-95%. About 5% of Bank lending is for education and despite the importance of population, health, and nutrition, these areas absorb less than 1% of the Bank's total lending program. Only US$400 million in population loans were made to 13 countries in the 1970s and only recently have separate health projects been started. Emphasis for the 1980s must be on rural development, urban shelter, primary education, health, education, and population.     

需求贸易理论与我国绿色贸易战略

从需求角度考查国际贸易理论，需求模式的变动会通过产业结构调整来影响贸易模式的发展和变化，因此，贸易格局的最终动因要到需求结构中去找。一国的竞争优势取决于市场规模，更取决于市场特征，内需在竞争优势中发挥了重要作用。目前，我国的外贸结构存在非持续性的弊端，实施绿色贸易战略，应该在注重外需因素的同时，充分发挥内需在培育绿色竞争优势方面的作用。     

The World economy

The World Economy And The West German Economy In The Autumn Of 1989

The World economy     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策探析

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化进程的加快,WTO成员国已不能通过限制数量和高关税为国内产品提供保护。以技术标准为主要内容的技术贸易措施正成为发达国家保护本国产品的最普遍、最难以对付的贸易壁垒。因此,研究并制定相应的对策,突破技术壁垒,具有一定的现实意义。     

The World of Cross-Listings and Cross-Listings of the World: Challenging Conventional Wisdom*

There has long prevailed a conventional wisdom rationalizingwhy firms pursue overseas listings. It argues that firms seeksuch opportunities to benefit from a lower cost of capital thatarises because their shares become more accessible to globalinvestors. Much recent evidence challenges this conventionalwisdom. In fact, several new research initiatives have beenproposed that factor into the overseas listing decision manymore complex risks that globalization can create at the firmlevel, such as agency conflicts, transparency and disclosureconcerns, and other corporate governance problems. The goalof this article is to survey, synthesize and critically reviewthis new literature and to identify yet unresolved questionsto answer.     

我国民营企业上市“怪现象”探究

民企上市"怪现象"不仅反映了民企自身缺陷和上市过程中的障碍限制,也反映出民企融资体系的畸形结构,这些都不利于民企的进一步发展.