Black-owned commercial banks: A new look at their performance and management

Summary This research has explored management and financial characteristics within mature black banks over the period of 1978–81. In general, although loan loss management remains a key variable in successful financial performance, other variables often argued to explain profitability differences between black and nonminority banks were not so helpful in explaining profit variation among black banks. It appears that a new model of successful black banking must be developed.     

The performance of black-owned commercial banks: A comparative analysis

The objective of this study was to examine performance differences among black banks of different asset sizes, as compared with average nonminority banks of similar asset size from 1985 to 1991. The study found that large black banks with assets over $50 million outperformed smaller black banks with assets less than $50 million in terms of return on assets (ROA) and return on owners’ equity. Also, when compared with average nonminority banks with assets less than $300 million, the large black banks exhibited a statistically significant higher ROA than average nonminority banks in 1985 through 1987. However, the differences were found to be statistically insignificant in terms of return on owners’ equity (ROE) during the study period. Regression results show that provision for loan loss, high liquidity, and investment in treasury and government securities continue to impact negatively on small black banks’ performance but these factors have no statistically significant impact on large black banks’ performance.     

Black-owned banks: Issues and recommendations

Conclusion A number of suggestions have been made here which could be used to advantage by black banks. Several are already being used on a limited scale. In addition to instances cited previously, there are several other black or “interracial” banks which have located in white areas. Among these are the Universal Bank located in the Wall Street area of New York City; the interracial Vanguard National Bank in Hempstead, New York, a Long Island suburban area; and the American State Bank of Tulsa, Oklahoma, with a reported 30 percent white customers. Similarly, the black United Mortgage Bankers Association (UMBA) is in the process of using the device of pooling of mortgages. This article first appeared in theCalifornia Management Review no.1 (Fall 1974), and is reprinted with their permission.     

业务运作视角下的中国商业银行效率研究

随着中国经济进入新常态,商业银行之间的竞争越发激烈,通过对商业银行在筹资、投资以及中间业务运作方面的效率进行分析,来优化银行的竞争策略.利用改进的DEA网络模型对4家国有商业银行、13家股份制商业银行以及4家城市商业银行共21家银行进行了效率测算,并从资金运作规模、业务多元化和商业银行承担的角色3个方面对商业银行的效率进行评价,发现不同类型的商业银行的业务特点与其战略定位相关.在研究成果的基础上提出一些政策建议,辅以部分统计性结果进行论证,以提高结论的科学性.     

中国和印度两国银行业现实竞争力的国际比较

基于英国《银行家》杂志"世界1000家大银行"排名的数据资料,文章从资本实力、经营规模、经营效率、经营的安全稳健性等几个方面入手,对中国和印度两国银行业的现实竞争力进行比较分析。分析表明,我国商业银行在保持资本实力增长和资产规模扩张的同时,经营效率和稳健性需要迅速提高。     

Joint Tests of Signaling and Income Smoothing through Bank Loan Loss Provisions*

We examine whether and how managers use loan loss provisions to smooth income and to signal their private information about their banks' future prospects. Our paper highlights that the use of the loan loss provision to accomplish more than one objective gives rise to situation‐specific costs and benefits of manipulating the provision up or down. We hypothesize that relatively undervalued banks have greater incentives to signal their future prospects than fairly valued banks and that banks' incentives to smooth intensify as premanaged earnings deviate from norms. On the basis of these conjectures, we categorize sample banks into subgroups that are predicted to use loan loss provisions consistent with their situation‐specific incentives. This allows us to refine the research methods used in prior research to examine heterogeneous incentives. While we find evidence consistent with the use of loan loss provisions to smooth earnings, particularly when premanaged earnings are extreme, our evidence on signaling is less consistent. In particular, our signaling results depend on the introduction of an interaction term that has not been used in prior research. We also document that the intensity of smoothing (signaling) is not uniform across the sample. In addition to being a function of the incentive to smooth (signal), it also is a function of the incentive to signal (smooth).     

网络银行的安全策略及应用研究

网络银行是银行通过互联网为客户提供金融服务的平台,是电子商务在银行业的具体应用,它代表了现代商业银行业务的发展方向。如何解决网络银行的安全性问题是目前国际国内的一个重要的研究课题。本文对目前流行的网络安全认证机制进行了分析和研究,对工商银行和民生银行在网络银行上采用的安全措施、对策以及各自的特点进行了分析和对比,最后提出我们对提高网络银行安全性的建议以及对未来网络银行应用的展望。     

股份制商业银行治理:基于年报的实证分析

采用2001-2003年间11家商业银行的19个年报样本为依据,对我国股份制商业银行的治理机制及其与银行绩效的关系进行实证分析,发现样本银行股权结构并没有对银行绩效产生影响,董事会规模和高管人员薪酬激励对银行绩效有积极的作用,而独立董事比例和董事会会议次数却对银行绩效产生了负面影响;此外银行规模也是提升银行绩效的重要因素。     

Do Minority-owned Banks Pay Higher Interest Rates on CDs?

This paper analyzes whether minority-owned banks pass along an advantage in access to governmental deposits to the communities they serve in the form of higher interest rates paid on certificates of deposit (CDs). Although academic evidence has not confirmed increased profitability or efficiency of these banks since the creation of the Minority Bank Deposit Program, their unique positioning within communities may allow them to meet the needs of a clientele with lower and less stable income, and with higher than average expected future deposit withdrawals. Data from the regulatory reports provided by minority and non-minority owned banks are analyzed using five distinct time horizons for CDs. The results suggest that Black-owned banks consistently pay higher interest rates on CDs, with a lower premium for longer-term CDs, and used the premium to cushion the ill effects of the recent financial collapse on their customers. Asian-owned banks provide a smaller premium for short-term CDs, while the remaining category of minority-owned banks, including Native American, Hispanic, and Women-owned banks, also paid a premium on CDs, but shrank that premium substantially following the financial collapse. Note also that minority-owned banks may use this funding advantage in a variety of other ways to serve their respecitive communities.     

金融科技、政府监管与商业银行风险承担

金融科技的快速发展有着深刻的技术背景和制度背景。近年来,随着政府监管力度不断加大,金融科技与政府监管相互作用对商业银行风险承担将会产生何种影响,目前关于这一问题的实证研究尚不充分。为此,通过搜集百度搜索指数构建金融科技发展指数,同时手工搜集 2013-2020 年商业银行受到的政府监管处罚数据衡量政府监管力度,并基于2013-2020 年 61 家商业银行的面板数据进行实证分析,试图探讨两者对商业银行风险承担的影响效果。研究结果表明：（1）在不考虑金融科技与政府监管的相互作用下,金融科技和政府监管均能够显著降低商业银行的风险承担水平。（2）在金融科技与政府监管的共同作用机制下,对不同类型商业银行风险承担的影响效果存在显著差异,国有控股大型商业银行与农村商业银行降低风险承担效果并不显著,但对全国性股份制商业银行和城市商业银行呈现明显效果。研究结论对金融科技与商业银行融合发展过程中,提高政府监管效率,缓释商业银行风险承担提供了重要启示。     

推进我国开展银行业务外包的探索

银行业务外包是指银行通过契约将原内部工作交由他人完成,是银行应对日益激烈的市场竞争的重要工具,也是银行主动调整战略,实现核心价值的有效手段。随着国际银行外包业务范围扩大化、专业化、全球化趋势的发展,关于中国银行业务外包的研究越来越引起国内理论界和实务界的关注。本文在对国际国内银行业务外包进行比较分析的基础上,针对我国银行外包业务刚刚起步、业务范围狭隘、外包服务尚不成熟、法律监管制度不健全等问题,提出了相应的政策建议。     

The performance of minority banks in a deregulated banking environment

This study examined 58 performance ratios for minority banks in 1980 and 1988. Its purpose was to evaluate the impact of deregulation on high and low performance minority banks. The study found that deregulation had a positive impact on those banks in the high performance groups in 1980 and a negative affect on those banks in the low performance groups in 1980. The study also found minority banks, in general, needed to improve management efficiency. Management efficiency of low performance minority banks seemed to have deteriorated in the deregulation period. The authors suggest that low performance minority banks be given closer regulatory supervision and aid in developing efficient management in their organizations.     

Cooperation Satisfaction and Performance： Empirical Evidence from Chinese Banks and Their Foreign Strategic Investors

In this paper, we investigate whether the mutual satisfaction of Chinese banks and foreign strategic investors （FSI） in terms of their cooperation with each other affects the performance of Chinese banks＇. Since 2004, China ＇s banking authority has conducted an annual survey on Chinese banks and their FSI, assessing levels of mutual satisfaction in terms of their cooperation. We use these survey results to examine the effects of satisfaction levels on the profitability of Chinese banks. Our results reveal that satisfaction affects profitability; that is, satisfied foreign investors and Chinese banks yield better performance. Satisfaction determinants for each party are also examined. Although the profitability of Chinese banks does not show a significant effect on the satisfaction of either party, bank loan to deposit ratios, regions of FSI home countries, and the type of Chinese banks＇ are important factors that might affect satisfaction.     

互联网金融对城市商业银行盈利影响研究——基于上市城商行的实证分析

互联网金融迅速崛起，使我国商业银行面临巨大挑战，尤其是相对弱势的城市商业银行。依据我国16家上市（上证）城商行2011-2018年的数据，结合百度指数，使用主成分分析法构建互联网金融指数，继而通过面板数据回归分析互联网金融对我国城市商业银行盈利的影响。研究表明我国互联网金融的发展与我国城商行的盈利呈现出微弱负相关关系，对我国城商行盈利造成一定程度的影响，然后通过具体分析其影响渠道来对我国城商行效益的提升和发展提出可行建议。     

Bank profitability and the bank lending channel: Evidence from China

This paper uses bank-level data to investigate whether the impact of monetary policy on bank lending depends on the characteristics of Chinese banks during the period 1985–2007. We find that the impact of monetary policy on lending is weaker for larger banks and banks with lower levels of liquidity, and that banks’ responses to monetary policy do not necessarily vary according to their capital. Further, to identify the bank lending channel more clearly, we test whether the impact of monetary policy varies according to profitability. The results show that profitable banks tend to be less sensitive to monetary policy, because when tight monetary policy leads to a fall in deposits, less profitable banks face a higher cost of capital.     

The foreign exchange exposure of Chinese banks

Using the capital market approach and the equity price data of 14 listed Chinese banks, this empirical study finds that there is a positive relationship between bank size and foreign exchange exposure. This relationship may reflect the larger foreign exchange operations and trading positions of larger Chinese banks and their significant indirect foreign exchange exposure arising from impacts of the renminbi exchange rate movements on their customers. Empirical evidence also suggests that the average foreign exchange exposures of state-owned and joint-stock commercial banks in China are higher than those of banks in Hong Kong, notwithstanding their limited participation in international banking businesses compared with their Hong Kong counterparts. It is also found that negative foreign exchange exposure is prevalent for larger Chinese banks, suggesting that an appreciation of the renminbi tends to reduce their equity value. It is therefore likely that the banking sector's performance will be hampered. Together with the fact that decreases in equity values generally imply a higher default risk, the effects of different scenarios of renminbi appreciation on the default risk of Chinese banks should therefore be closely monitored.     

房地产业对金融机构的系统性风险溢出效应研究——基于行业与企业综合视角的实证分析

房地产业与金融业具有强烈的共生性，当房地产业陷入困境时，是否会迅速扩散到与其关联的各类金融机构，蔓延并危及整个金融系统，出现房地产业对金融机构的"系统性风险溢出"?文章综合运用房地产行业指数与房地产企业数据，基于CoVaR模型和分位数回归方法，测算了我国房地产业对各类金融机构的系统性风险溢出强度，分析了其时变趋势和影响因素。实证结果表明，我国房地产业对金融机构存在较为显著的系统性风险溢出效应，在时间维度上存在周期性；房地产业对股份制与城商行的风险溢出强度最大，其次是保险机构和信托，最小的是国有银行；房地产企业的自身风险、规模和负债水平对风险溢出强度具有显著影响。据此，文章对金融监管部门、金融机构与房地产行业提出了相应的政策建议。     

“斜坡球”理论在我国商业银行管理中的应用------ 一 种 新 的 分 析 框 架

我国加入WTO五年的保护期承诺结束后,中外的金融竞争将更加激烈,我国的商业银行如何创新管理思路,发挥自身优势,在竞争中获得更大的发展空间成为舆论关注的焦点。本研究试图将海尔集团“斜坡球”理论的基本原理引入商业银行的经营管理,并结合商业银行的业务特点,进行必要的分析和研究。     

城市商业银行规模扩张与绩效关系的实证研究

以我国近年来规模迅速扩张的城市商业银行为样本,通过对2007-2012年间样本银行相关数据的分析,利用改进的超越对数成本函数分析法对城市商业银行规模扩张与绩效关系进行实证研究,得出了我国大部分城市商业银行的规模扩张在当前形势下是有利于绩效的提高的结论。     

Ownership Structure and Risk‐taking Behavior: Evidence from Banks in Korea and Japan

This study analyzes the effects of managerial ownership on the risk‐taking behavior of Korean and Japanese banks during the relatively regulated period of the late 1990s to the early 2000s. It finds that managerial ownership alone does not affect either the risk or the profit levels of Korean banks. In contrast, an increase in managerial ownership adds to the total risk of Japanese banks. However, increased risk‐taking behavior does not produce higher levels of profit for Japanese banks. The coefficients of the interaction term between franchise value and managerial ownership are negative and statistically significant for both the Korean and the Japanese banking industries. This means that an increase in managerial ownership in banks with high franchise values discourages risk‐taking behavior. The results confirm the disciplinary role of franchise value on the risk‐taking behavior of banks. These results also fall in line with previous literature supporting the moral hazard hypothesis based on research into the economies of the USA and other countries.