Intra- and inter-group composite indicators using the BoD model

We extent the radial DEA model with a single constant input, often referred to as the Benefit-of-the-Doubt (BoD) model, to account for environmental or contextual differences. Based on this we estimate three types of composite indicators, namely the pooled that uses the entire sample of the evaluated units, the intra-group that accounts for within group differences, and the inter-group that reflects between group differences. In addition, we provide theoretically consistent aggregation rules for these types of composite indicators. We applied the proposed methodology to analyze the financial performance of public and private hospitals in Greece by means of financial ratios referring to their liquidity performance and to examine the extent of differences in the inter-group composite indicators between the two types of ownership both at the individual and the aggregate level.     

Board of director attributes: effects on financial performance in SMEs

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - This paper analyses the relationship between board of director (BoD) attributes and financial performance in small and medium-sized...     

基于价值链和BCG方法的人力资源管理策略研究

随着信息技术的发展,企业价值的评估模型逐渐改变,并由传统强调实体资产转变为看不见的无形资产。文章旨在分析人力资源管理实务的价值链如何创造企业的竞争优势与价值,并以价值链模型为主,探讨企业人力资源管理实务的价值活动,同时分别从专业才能观点(Competency-Based Approach)与波士顿顾问群的BCG策略定位模型,建立企业策略与核心人力资源需求的关联模型,并进一步整合上述3种模型观点,提出人力资源管理决策模型的架构,建立人力资源管理策略评估模型,提供管理者对于人力资源管理决策的参考架构。     

Combining common-weights DEA window with the Malmquist index: A case of China’s iron and steel industry

In the conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) window analysis, a decision-making unit (DMU) in each window is treated as different units in each period so that the evaluation for one unit is performed on different scales over time. This paper proposes a novel window analysis based on common weight across time (CWAT), which evaluates each unit in each window by its common scale independent of time. The model for obtaining common weights is described as linear programming. And the paper suggests the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) on CWAT, CWAT MPI, to analyze productivity change by inheriting the result of window analysis. The numerical experiments are illustrated to examine the validity of CWAT and MPI, and the result shows that the proposed method provides a new evaluation scale compared to previous studies. The proposed model is applied to evaluate the performance of China 45 iron and steel enterprises during 2009–2017. The energy and environmental efficiency are calculated using CWAT, and CWAT MPI analyzes the productivity change.     

搭便车行为对双渠道供应链的影响分析

本文建立了一个双渠道供应链的模型,得出了存在搭便车行为时供应链的定价、服务决策和利润水平,并分析了搭便车行为的强度变化对于供应链决策和状态的影响。我们的结果说明了搭便车行为对于双渠道供应链有双向作用,既能提高集中决策供应链的利润,也会使分散决策的供应链利润受损,同时,证明了搭便车行为是导致供应链冲突的原因之一。     

A non-parametric index of corporate governance in the banking industry: An application to Indian data

This paper presents a methodological framework for constructing a non-parametric index of corporate governance for banks. The index is constructed by aggregating six distinct dimensional indices capturing different dimensions of corporate governance, namely board effectiveness, audit function, risk management, remuneration, shareholder rights and information, and disclosure and transparency. For aggregation, a tailored version of data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach which is popularly known as constrained ‘Benefit-of-the-Doubt (BoD)’ model is employed. This approach is unique and distinctive in the sense that it requires no a priori knowledge of weights, and assigns endogenous weights obtained from actual data to individual dimensions of bank governance in order to construct a composite index of corporate governance. This methodological framework has illustrated by applying it for a data set of 40 Indian banks operating in the year 2017. The data set has been compiled using 58 governance regulations as defined by relevant jurisdictions.     

An artificial intelligence algorithmic approach to ethical decision-making in human resource management processes

Management scholars and practitioners have highlighted the importance of ethical dimensions in the selection of strategies. However, to date, there has been little effort aimed at theoretically understanding the ethical positions of individuals/organizations concerning human resource management (HRM) decision-making processes, the selection of specific ethical positions and strategies, or the post-decision accounting for those decisions. To this end, we present a Throughput model framework that describes individuals' decision-making processes in an algorithmic HRM context. The model depicts how perceptions, judgments, and the use of information affect strategy selection, identifying how diverse strategies may be supported by the employment of certain ethical decision-making algorithmic pathways. In focusing on concerns relating to the impact and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in HRM, this research draws insights from multidisciplinary theoretical lenses, such as AI-augmented (HRM^(AI)) and HRM^(AI) assimilation processes, AI-mediated social exchange, and the judgment and choice literature. We highlight the use of algorithmic ethical positions in the adoption of AI for better HRM outcomes in terms of intelligibility and accountability of AI-generated HRM decision-making, which is often underexplored in existing research, and we propose their key role in HRM strategy selection.     

Constructing a generalized model of the human development index

The human development index (HDI) has been a well-known yardstick of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure human development (HD) from a multi-dimensional perspective, since its introduction in the first Human Development Report (HDR) in 1990. Although there have been several modifications in the computation of this index, we suggest a new perspective in a multi-criteria decision-making framework in this paper. The new methodology addresses some of the limitations of the existing approach without violating the guidelines of the UNDP. As a first step, we revisit the concept of the HDI and then integrate the average shortfall factor with the HDI for the construction of GHDI--a generalized model of the HDI. Then we propose GHDI^R--a relative measure of the GHDI relative to a benchmark HD. This index is year-specific, and we determine it based on the goals of the human development indicators as fixed by the UNDP as well as the individual performance of all the countries under consideration for the year concerned. For this purpose, we employ a multi-criteria decision-making model using a two-step methodology. Initially, we develop a multi-objective model to create the benchmark HD. Next, we assess the GHDI^R with a multi-index ranking model. We implement these procedures for the countries based on their empirical data on human development indicators as presented in the HDR (2014) and compare the HDI with the GHDI and GHDI^R.     

Optimizing the Information Outsourcing Practices of Primary Care Medical Organizations Using Entropy and TOPSIS

As clinics strive to select information technology contractors that meet their particular outsourcing needs, the medical sector urgently needs evaluation criteria for outsourcing to information technology contractors to alleviate unnecessary risks and achieve an excellent performance. Therefore, this work presents an entropy combined technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based decision-making method for clinics to objectively assess the quality of an information technology supplier when outsourcing their medical information needs, as an alternative to previous decision-making approaches based on subjective evaluations. Each sub-criterion for outsourcing vendors is evaluated using the Delphi method. Moreover, results of interviews with experts are integrated with the entropy method to calculate each criterion of an objective evaluation weight for medical information system (MIS) vendors. Furthermore, a TOPSIS-based survey is designed using comparison to effectively respond to MIS outsourcing demand scores for each item. Furthermore, the proposed entropy and TOPSIS-based decision-making method can provide administrators in hospital clinics with a decision-making and evaluation criteria that actively encourage the medical sector to outsource its information technology needs to contractors.     

基于过程的公司战略评价和选择的模型及其应用

公司战略通常包括两个方面:其一是公司作为一个整体的战略方向性选择,其二是作为公司的各个组成部分的战略业务单元的战略选择,涉及到各个业务单元的取舍、相互关系与发展政策。重点研究在公司层面如何决定各个战略业务单元的取舍、相互关系与发展政策问题。在SWOT分析框架的基础上,开发出四环节、两要素的战略评价与选择模型。这一模型认为公司层面各个战略业务单元的评价将包括生存评估、发展评估、关系评估、标杆评估四个环节;而在这一评估的过程中,管理者的知识经验和心理倾向将对评估结果产生较大影响;此外,企业若能够很好地利用知识库与专家网络将提高战略评价和选择的科学性。     

基于模糊层次分析法的种粮机具选型管理

本文结合种粮机具选型的实际情况,提出从影响选型决策的基本因素出发来建立选型的指标体系,并讨论了种粮机具选型指标体系的构成。最后,将模糊层次分析法应用于种粮机具选型,建立了选型模型,并通过实例证明模型合理可行。     

How strategic considerations influence decision making on e-HRM applications

Although numerous studies indicate that the added value of human resource management is strongest when HRM decisions are linked to the organizational strategy, practical knowledge about how strategic considerations influence decision-making processes relating to e-HRM is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is (1) to examine in three case studies how strategic considerations influence the decision-making process around the introduction of e-HRM applications, (2) to present propositions for further research, and (3) to offer recommendations on how to better include strategic considerations in the decision-making process. Three in-depth case studies of companies' e-HRM implementation were performed using a model on e-HRM strategy formulation (Marler, 2009). The case studies reveal that when specific business drivers are absent from the decision-making process, the main role of e-HRM becomes to provide an infrastructure with a focus on preventing dissatisfaction. In order for e-HRM to be used in a more strategic way, business and HRM should be aligned.Based on the findings, we offer research propositions for academics studying this emerging field of the interconnections between strategy, human resource management and IT systems. In addition, we offer recommendations for HR practitioners on how to optimize the match between business and HRM.     

基于混合智能算法的仓库有限容量下随机存贮模型

针对仓库容量有限条件下的随机存贮管理问题,通过找出商品在销售进货过程中会出现的全部可能,确定得到总损失最小的方法,然后以最优订货点作为决策变量并确定约束条件,建立优化决策模型。采用基于随机模拟的混合智能算法对该决策模型进行求解。对模型中的不确定函数进行随机模拟,使用由其产生的一组输入输出数据来训练神经网络对该不确定函数进行逼近,然后将该神经网络作为适应度函数嵌套于遗传算法中,最后应用遗传算法解得模型的最优解。通过计算机仿真得到所需要的最优方案。实验表明,文中提出的基于混合智能算法的仓库随机存贮模型,较好地解决了实际应用中的仓库容量有限的随机存贮问题,具有很强的普遍性和实用性。     

物流基础设施网络节点的动态选址研究

物流基础设施网络节点的选址决策是一个长期决策,而随着时间的推移,需求和成本模式会随之变化,那么原来的选址决策就可能不是最优的,这时就需要确定一个随时间变化的选址方案,这个过程就是物流基础设施网络节点的动态选址.本文采用时间序列平滑预测法对需求进行预测,并据此用静态选址模型（重心法）得出结论,再运用动态规划技术,找出一个物流基础设施网络节点动态最优选址-再选址方案,使得计划期内的累积总利润现值最大化,并引入预测准确性因子来提高预测的准确性.     

Classification in automobile insurance using a DEA and discriminant analysis hybrid

In this article, we adopt an efficiency approach to the two-group linear programming method of discriminant analysis (DA), using principles taken from data envelopment analysis (DEA), to predict group membership in an insurance underwriting scheme. Using an empirical insurance data base we illustrate the effectiveness of our model as a decision-making tool to distinguish among automobile insurance applicants by contrasting our hybrid model with both statistical and LP methods of discriminant analysis. We find for this insurance application that our hybrid model significantly outperforms the more traditional methods in separation and misclassification outcomes.     

Bank ownership and governance quality in India: Evolution and detection of convergence clubs

Utilizing a novel panel dataset for the period from 2009 to 2018, this paper investigates how the corporate governance of Indian banks has evolved since the post-global crisis and identifies convergence clubs among banks in distinct ownership groups. It also presents optimal policy priorities for specific aspects of corporate governance. To assess the quality of bank corporate governance, we used a non-parametric “Benefit-of-the-Doubt” (BoD) approach to create a bank-wise composite index of corporate governance based on 48 governance norms. Empirical results have shown that while Indian banks have made remarkable progress in adhering to the mostly mandatory corporate governance norms in the past few years, but their current level of governance isn’t adequate to characterize it as a “socially-efficient” structure. A typical public bank generally prioritized maintaining adequate disclosure and transparency, by and large, while a private bank focuses more spotlight on audit function, followed by risk management and board quality. The results based on Phillips and Sul’s (2007, 2009) clustering and merging algorithms reveal two convergent clubs in the private banking segment and a sole club in the public sector banking segment.     

Portfolio Selection under Maximum Minimum Criterion

In this paper, we studied the problem of risky portfolio selection under uncertainty. Different from risk-return analytical methodology, we formulated a model under maximum minimal criterion of uncertain decision-making theory. If the investor had no any distribution information of the returns and (s)he knew the variation scopes of the returns by his/her knowledge of the market information or experts’ evaluations of the alternative risky assets, then we showed that the optimal portfolio strategy of the model under maximal minimal criterion could be obtained by solving linear programming. If the returns were known to be normal distributed, the investor’s optimal portfolio strategy could be obtained by solving a nonlinear programming. The paper also provided an algorithm to solve this programming. At last, the paper compared this model with Markowitz’s mean-varience (M-V) model and Young’s minmax model, and pointed out the distinctions and similarities between our model and the other two. Supported in part by Program for NCET, in part by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education 104053.     

Assessment of CSR based supply chain performance system using an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS approach

The objective of this research was to identify Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) criteria as well as propose and prioritise the alternatives to improve the supply chain performance system of an organisation. To meet the objective, firstly, CSR-based criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives were identified based on the literature review and discussion with the field experts, taken from automobile industries located at the Delhi region of India. Then, kappa statistics has been applied to check the internal consistency between identified criteria and sub-criteria. After finding the evidence of internal consistency, a hierarchical-type model has been developed and analysed using a multi-criteria decision-making as an integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and a fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. To make the results more robust and feasible, a sensitivity analysis has also been performed.     

工程造价快速估算的数学模型及计算程序

鉴于建设工程造价具有复杂性、随机波动性、模糊性等特点,本文运用模糊数学方法,建立了工程造价快速估算的数学模型,进而阐述了工程造价快速估算的计算程序,从而为建设单位控制成本和承包单位投标报价提供决策依据和理论支持。