中美利差波动对我国国际资本流动的影响研究

过去的十年里,以金砖国家为代表的新兴市场经济体和发达国家在跨境资本流动方面无论是规模还是结构均发生了巨大的变化。以中美两国为背景来阐述一国的货币政策以及利率结构改变所产生的全球流动性冲击与国际资本流动存在较为显著的关联关系。假若我国的国际资本流动受到源自美国货币政策以及利率结构所产生的全球流动性冲击,投资者对于低风险资产的偏好将导致我国资本流动的波动性显著增加。     

美联储政策变化、国际资本流动与宏观经济波动

本文构建包含国际投资者、外资企业和银行流动性冲击的DSGE模型来探究美联储货币政策变动和政策不确定性对我国宏观经济的影响和作用机制。研究发现:(1) 美联储加息会导致我国产出、投资和通货膨胀的下降、汇率贬值、国际资本外流和银行系统流动性紧张。随着金融摩擦程度的增加和银行杠杆率的上升,美联储加息对我国产出、投资和资产价格的负面影响会进一步增强。(2) 美联储货币政策不确定性的增加会直接导致外资企业的投资、劳动需求和产出的下降,并对我国总产出、总投资和资产价格产生明显的负向外溢效应,进一步加剧我国宏观经济的波动。(3)为应对美联储的利率变动,适当限制国际资本流动能有效稳定我国经济波动和改善社会福利,而实施固定汇率和央行盯住美国利率的政策会加大宏观经济的波动,并导致社会福利下降。     

短期跨境资本流动、金融科技与银行流动性囤积

本文根据2011-2022年中国216家商业银行的面板数据,研究了短期跨境资本流动对银行流动性囤积现象的影响及其异质性特征,并构建商业银行金融科技指数,探究金融科技是否发挥调节作用效果。研究结果表明：第一,跨境资本流入强度、流出强度以及总流动强度的上升均显著提高了银行流动性囤积水平,造成流动性负债向非流动性资产的转换出现阻滞,并且这种影响主要来自于投机性跨境资本;第二,银行金融科技应用可以通过提高银行风险容忍度、降低银行信贷错配程度来缓解短期跨境资本流动对银行流动性囤积的影响;第三,进一步分析显示,短期跨境资本流动对银行流动性囤积的影响存在边际递减效应,金融科技的调节效应则存在条件边际递增效应。本文研究结论对于我国金融账户开放进程中有效防范银行业系统性风险,以及借助金融科技手段赋能实体经济发展具有一定参考价值。     

跨境资本宏观审慎政策对货币政策有效性的影响及其协调搭配研究

通过在开放经济背景下构建具有宏观审慎监管的DSGE框架,分析跨境资本宏观审慎政策的有效性及其如何影响货币政策有效性,进一步模拟分析不同类型跨境资本宏观审慎政策与货币政策搭配的效果。模拟结果显示:(1)在政策抵御外部冲击方面,跨境资本宏观审慎政策能有效降低跨境资本流动增速、抑制汇率风险;(2)在影响货币政策有效性方面,跨境资本宏观审慎政策与货币政策联合使用会增强货币政策有效性,其中价格型跨境资本宏观审慎政策更能提升货币政策有效性;(3)在政策协调搭配方面,面对国外利率冲击,数量型跨境资本宏观审慎政策与货币政策搭配使用时经济波动程度与社会福利损失均较小,然而面对技术冲击,两者搭配反而会增加社会福利损失,不利于经济稳定。研究结论对于政策当局有效制定跨境资本宏观审慎政策和货币政策以稳定经济、金融体系具有重要的理论启示。     

美联储加息对中国的溢出效应及应对——基于开放经济两国DSGE模型

美联储新一轮加息周期正式启动,我国面临的跨境资本流出压力增加。本文基于我国经济现实,构建开放经济两国DSGE模型,分析美联储加息冲击对国内宏观经济的溢出效应,并从货币政策和跨境资本审慎政策“双支柱”视角比较分析我国应对政策的效果。实证分析结果显示：境外加息对我国主要经济金融变量产生显著的负面影响,国内短期资本外流增加,银行信贷约束收缩,投资减少,产出下降,国内资产价格和通胀率下降。央行通过降低本国利率或跨境资本准备金审慎政策加以应对时,会面临稳产出、稳汇率和国际收支平衡的三难选择,但央行可以通过货币政策和宏观审慎政策的协调调控,在降低境外加息冲击对我国不利影响的同时,改善宏观调控的效果。     

经济不确定性、利率与短期跨境资本流动 ——基于TVP-VAR模型的研究

本文通过建立TVP-VAR模型研究经济不确定性、利率与短期跨境资本流动的联动关系并比较不同时期和不同时点的脉冲时变特征。结果显示,经济政策不确定性上升会导致利率波动先上升后下降以及短期跨境资本流动下降,短期内,经济政策不确定性的冲击效果更为显著,冲击程度明显大于长期。因此,应通过保持我国宏观经济政策的稳定性和持续性、健全利率市场化机制和加强实时监控等手段增强吸纳和缓冲外部不利冲击的能力。     

美联储量化宽松政策退出对我国跨境资本流动的影响研究

美元作为主要世界货币，美联储货币政策对其他国家的溢出效应十分明显。研究美联储货币政策对我国跨境资本流动的影响，对提高我国风险防控和应对能力，防止跨境资本大进大出、汇率大起大落，维护国家经济金融安全等意义重大。本文通过构建向量误差修正模型（VEC）分析美联储量化宽松政策退出对包括跨境资本流动、全球原油价格、我国货币政策、汇率、物价水平在内变量的短期波动与长期均衡关系，为跨境资本流动监测以及宏观审慎管理提供实证基础。研究结果表明，美联储利率政策对我国跨境资本冲击具有一个持续的冲击效应，应当防范来自外部溢出效应的风险。     

跨境资金流动与中国宏观金融风险——基于资本项目开放背景

本文通过区分跨境资金流动的差异类型，构建中国宏观金融风险综合指数并利用马尔科夫模型进行风险识别，然后利用TVP-SV-VAR模型研究资本项目分阶段开放进程中跨境资金流动与宏观金融风险间的动态时变关系，挖掘在不同风险状态下，不同类型跨境资金流动的驱动因素差异。结果表明：短期跨境资金对宏观金融风险的影响相对更大，且更易因受到境内外利差的刺激而流动；长期跨境资金流入在缓释宏观金融风险、提振宏观经济方面效果明显；高风险状态下，短期跨境资金流出易出现“羊群效应”，且宏观金融风险易引发金融深化程度上升；中低风险状态下，跨境资金流动受中国宏观经济形势影响较大。上述研究结论的政策启示：要针对短期、长期资金构建差异化的跨境资金流动管理体系，有效应对异常跨境资金流动冲击；推进境内外金融市场互联互通，缩减套利空间，减缓短期资金波动；促进国内金融体系建设提质增效，防范化解金融领域重点风险；稳定国内经济基本面，吸引境外资金流入。     

外部冲击、人民币汇率波动和短期跨境资本流动——基于MS-VAR模型

当前我国面临较为复杂的国际形势,全球市场不确定性增多,外部冲击将对我国汇率波动和短期跨境资本流动产生重要影响。本文构建了MS-VAR模型对外部冲击、人民币汇率波动和短期跨境资本流动的动态关系进行实证检验。实证结果表明:全球风险因素、美国数量型以及价格型货币政策调整会对我国汇率市场和短期跨境资本流动产生重要冲击效应;当我国金融市场遭受次贷危机、欧债危机、美国货币政策调整和美联储加息等外部冲击时,人民币汇率和短期跨境资本的波动性显著增强,并形成非对称效应。基于研究结果,本文提出将跨境资本流动纳入宏观审慎管理范畴、协调使用多种资本管理工具、不断完善跨境资本流动的监测和预警体系等政策建议。     

美欧英日货币政策冲击如何通过计价货币影响银行跨境资本流动？

本文基于1999—2019年55个经济体以计价货币划分的银行跨境债权债务季度数据,考察美欧英日货币政策冲击对以其货币计价的银行跨境资本流动的影响。研究发现：美欧英日紧缩性货币政策冲击能够促进以其货币计价的银行跨境资本流动,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。渠道与机制检验表明：美欧英日紧缩性货币政策一方面能够通过推动外币出口收入增加促进以其货币计价的银行跨境资本流动;另一方面,能够推动以其货币计价的存贷款业务从国内银行转向国外银行,促进银行跨境资本流动。进一步研究发现：美欧英日货币政策冲击的影响力度在不同计价货币、不同经济发展程度,以及全球金融危机前后均有差异。金融发展和金融开放水平的提升能够缓解美欧英日货币政策冲击对相应银行跨境资本流入的溢出效应。本文研究结果为我国更好推动金融市场开放与促进人民币国际化提供了有益启示。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.