For Rigour in Organizational Management Theory Research

Rigour is required in examining the empirical validity of theories in organizational management, and is often considered to be the opposite of creativity in the development of knowledge about managing organizations. In this article, we argue that rigour is necessary in the enterprise of organizational management research. Moreover, it can actually be a contributor to creativity. The issue is not rigour versus creativity, but rather how rigour can foster creativity. We show that rigour in both theory and methodology can foster creativity. Rigour in theory provides the logical thinking that is the foundation that allows the development of sound theory. This can be achieved in various ways, including theory building, mathematical modelling, causal modelling, and theory analysis. Rigour in methodology can assist creativity in quantitative integration. The contribution of rigour to creativity is evidenced by the recently created statistico‐organizational theory and other new advancements in the field of structural contingency research.     

组织顾客满意度测评指数模型(OCSI)的研究

顾客满意度指数(CustomerSatisfactionIndex,CSI),是运用统计的方法把顾客满意程度定量化。目前不少发达国家和地区已编制和发布顾客满意度指数(CSI),许多知名的跨国公司积极实施顾客满意战略,进行顾客满意度指数(CSI)的测评。本文主要研究如何建立组织顾客满意度指数(OCSI)模型,包括:OCSI模型的结构和结构变量、测量变量及它们的数学表达式,同时简要地讨论了设计OCSI的指标体系和调查表的一些事宜。     

A Measure of Staff Perceptions of Quality-Oriented Organizational Performance: Initial Development and Internal Consistency

The present study originated from a university's effort to develop a Total Quality Management (TQM) system for improving the quality of staff services. This extends TQM into a major service sector, higher education, which has only recently begun to explore TQM applications. Integral to this effort was the development of an instrument for assessing service quality based on staff perceptions. The instrument was based on a core set of dimensions identified as common to the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award, and the psychology and management literatures. Initial support for this instrument came from high reliability coefficients for each of the component scales. Recommendations for further validation efforts and potential practical applications are also discussed.     

组织智能的评价指标体系与评价方法

组织智能是组织在快速变化和高度竞争的环境中取胜的关键。基于组织智能的国内外研究现状,界定了组织智能的概念和特点,初步提出了由人力资源、知识管理、组织内部环境、资源运作、外部支持因素构成的组织智能评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评价法和灰色聚类分析法,分别对组织智能进行了评价。     

The Cognitive and Behavioural Dimensions of Organizational Learning in a Merger: an Empirical Study

This paper addresses the links between cognitive and behavioural learning at both a theoretical and empirical level. An integrative model is developed which identifies a number of conceptually distinct learning modes and which incorporates the tacit aspect of knowledge. An empirical illustration of this model is provided in the form of a case study of a merger of two companies in the BSN-Danone Group. Mergers provide firms with opportunities for shared learning but this study also identifies several barriers to learning. The managerial implications of an integrated approach to organizational learning are also discussed.     

组织导师制研究述评

组织导师制是理论界和实践界关注的热点之一,但尚缺乏对其研究成果的系统归结.文章重点梳理了组织导师制的概念、效益以及其影响导师/徒弟的中介作用(包括情感、学习、激励、社会交换和角色压力源的传导机制)和调节作用(包括徒弟/导师的个性特质、认知和价值观等个体因素以及导师制类型、组织文化和制度等组织因素的干扰机制)的研究进展,并在此基础上阐明了未来研究值得深化的方向以及实践应用的建议,这既为推进组织导师制研究的发展提供了依据,也为提升组织导师制实践的效能提供了启示.     

For Better or worse: Organizational turnaround in New York City schools

The performance of public organizations has become a more salient issue as the popularity of accountability policies has grown. Though organizations are often defined as underperforming, little is known about the effectiveness of various strategies commonly recommended for agency turnaround. This study provides a large-N test of three common categories of turnaround mechanisms – retrenchment, repositioning, and reorganization – in nearly 300 failing New York City schools between 2008 and 2011. Models show that none of the three turnaround strategies appear to be significantly associated with improvements in core organizational performance from an administrative perspective, although repositioning appears to improve client satisfaction.     

组织文化测量的研究述评

组织文化是当今管理学的热点研究问题之一。随着量化分析工具的完善,组织文化越来越被重视。本文首先回顾了组织文化的测量模式并给出述评,然后对国内组织文化测量研究的发展给出建议以及展望。     

Teleworking: Frameworks for Organizational Research

Teleworking is a work practice that entails remote working for at least some of the time. Common arrangements include work done at home or in the field, by teleworkers in a range of occupations. As such, telework is one of the most radical departures from standard working conditions in the suite of flexible work practices now gaining widespread acceptance. In this paper, we develop an explanatory model of organizational adoption of teleworking. We do this as a means of integrating the current literature on the incidence of teleworking and to provide a theoretical grounding and framework for understanding differentials in the growth of teleworking in different organizations, industries and countries. We begin by developing an appropriate framework for conceptualizing teleworking. We propose a multivariate approach that is able to differentiate the various forms of teleworking. We then use this framework to develop a model and a series of propositions concerning the adoption of different forms of teleworking. Neo-institutional theory, as well as recent empirical evidence on teleworking informs this model.     

大规模定制的组织特征研究

目前国内外学者和专家主要从技术角度研究如何实现大规模定制,而本文从组织设计理论的角度分析了大规模定制模式对组织的要求。成功实施大规模定制的动态稳定性组织要求以增加顾客价值为导向、以业务流程为中心、内部组织具有高度柔性、外部组织能战略协作。     

The Effects of Leadership Style,Organizational Outcome,and Gender on Attributional Bias Toward Leaders

The current study examined the effects of leadership style (charismatic or autocratic) on followers' internal and external attributions for their organization's success or failure. In addition, role incongruence between the leadership style and gender was examined within the context of attributional error. Confirming the hypotheses, the results showed a three‐way interaction between leadership style, gender and organizational outcome. Supporting the role incongruity theory, when there was role incongruence between the leadership style and gender (i.e., the female autocratic leader), the attributions for failure were more unfavorable toward the leader. The effect of leadership style on internal attributions for failure was mediated by likeability of the leader. Overall, the current study was the first experimental investigation of the effects of leadership style, organizational outcomes, and gender on attributional biases within a single design.     

The Fragmentation of a Railway: A Study of Organizational Change

abstract    This paper considers pathways of organizational change within British Rail (BR) during its long period of commercialization culminating in privatization. The Laughlin (1991 ) and Parker (1995a ) frameworks are used to demonstrate how a new interpretative scheme supplanted the previous interpretative scheme within BR between the 1970s and privatization in the mid-1990s, leading to a fragmented organization. BR did not survive and privatization of Britain's railways remains controversial. The study demonstrates that without the earlier changes in interpretive scheme from 'social railway' to 'business railway' to 'profitable business', and the associated changes in design archetypes and sub-systems, privatization would have been both less tempting and less feasible. It is intended that the approach developed here to analyse organizational change in BR should be applicable to the study of other privatizations and to other forms of organizational change in both the public and private sectors.     

企业人力资源管理效益测量指标体系的构建

本文在总结国内外人力资源管理效益测量相关研究的基础上,结合定性和定量的测量方法,构建了更加全面、系统的人力资源管理综合测量指标体系,为人力资源管理效益的测量提供了新的依据和方法。     

新型股指期权计划在人力资本定价中的应用

自20世纪50年代舒尔茨人力资本理论提出至今,主要是从人力资本的结构构成和对经济贡献的角度来研究。从期权理论出发,新型股指期权计划打破过去人力资本研究仅从物质资本理论出发的不确切性,从宏观角度借助股票价格、股票指数变化给其定价,客观准确地衡量人力资本对企业业绩的贡献,进而为企业制定合理薪酬提供决策依据。     

The Political Implications of State Political Ideology: A Measure Tested

A bstract Four different state political ideology measures are estimated and evaluated on the basis of their reliability and consisteny. The state political ideology measure accounting for constituency economic interest, legislator shirking , and political party loyalty is found to be the one with the most predictive power. Using this preferred ideology measure states were classified according to their political ideology along a conservative-liberal continuum. The state rankings showed there are distinct regional differences in ideology. The Northeast and Pacific regions are very liberal, the South and Mountain regions are very conservative, and the Midwest region is relatively moderate. States in the Mountain region are found to be the most ideologically homogeneous, while the more heavily populated states tend to be more liberal. In addition, the United States citizens are found to have a moderately conservative political philosophy . Finally, the results suggest that a Democratic candidate would need to win Illinois, California, and Ohio plus all the liberal states to become President of the United States. The 1996 presidential note sustains the analysis herein.     

An Empirical Test of Cognitive Style and Strategic Decision Outcomes*

abstract We examine how cognitive style, as measured by the MBTI, affects strategic decision outcomes. Executives participated in a simulated strategic decision making environment that allowed controlled collection of decision outcomes, including manager decisiveness, decision quality, and perceived effectiveness. We found that iNtuiting/Thinking managers used their intuition to make cognitive leaps based on objective information to craft more decisions of higher quality than other managers. In contrast, Sensing/Feeling types used time to seek socially acceptable decisions, which led to the lowest number of decisions and the lowest perceived effectiveness of all. We found no effect on decisiveness or perceived effectiveness based on a manager's preference for Perceiving or Judging. However, we found that others perceived Extraverted managers as being more effective than Introverted managers when, in fact, the Extraverts were no more decisive than Introverts. Thus, cognitive style influences actual decision outcomes as well as how others perceive one's decision performance.     

The Determinants of Organizational Change and Structural Inertia: Technological and Organizational Factors

There are a growing body of theoretical work, wide anecdotal evidence, and a few large-scale empirical studies supporting the view that business firms quite rarely change their organizational structure, a phenomenon usually referred to in the literature as structural inertia. The present paper aims to analyze empirically the determinants of structural inertia and organizational change. As far as we know, this work constitutes the first attempt to directly address such issues through econometric estimates based on a large, longitudinal dataset at plant level. For this purpose, we consider changes of the organizational structure within a sample composed of 438 Italian manufacturing plants observed from 1975 to 1996. More precisely, we specify and test a duration model of the likelihood of an individual plant changing the number of hierarchical tiers after a spell r, provided that no change has occurred up to T. We also analyze the direction of change, distinguishing increases from decreases of the number of managerial layers. We consider a set of plant- and industry-specific explanatory variables that are expected to induce or oppose organizational change. The findings show that the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies and new human-resources management practices favors organizational change. On the contrary, the presence of sunk costs and the extent of influence activities figure prominently in explaining structural inertia of business organizations.     

基于组织前因视角的双元性创新路径研究——以格力为例

二十多年来,格力依靠开发式创新不断提高产品品质,提升消费者体验;依靠探索式创新掌握最先进的制造技术,成为中国空调企业的技术之王.本文从组织结构、组织情景和高层领导三个组织前因视角分析了格力的双元创新路径,即通过自主创新工程体系来构建适合双元创新的组织结构和组织机制,通过全员创新来鼓励研发人员和普通工人的双元性创新,通过高层领导来提升格力双元性创新的意义和价值.在此基础上,本文提出了企业在双元创新过程中需要注意的问题.