Enhancing nursing as a career choice with fifth-grade students

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of a career education program on children's interest in nursing as a career choice, especially related to gender in fifth-grade students. A within-subjects design compared interest in nursing as a career of 70 fifth-grade students before and after participation in a 4-week career education program about nursing. There was a 61% (N = 70, p < 0.001) increase of students expressing they would consider nursing as a career after participating in the career education program. This positive effect was discovered among both male and female students. Further results provided a pre and post-career assessment of the students' development that was congruent with findings from previous vocational studies. The results underscore the positive effect career education can have on children's career interests and substantiate the importance of exposing students to practicing nurses as a key strategy to stimulate interest in nursing to help maintain a steady recruitment of young people into the future nursing workforce.     

Career length: Effects of curvature of earnings profiles,earnings shocks,taxes, and social security

The same high labor supply elasticity that characterizes a representative family model with indivisible labor and employment lotteries also emerges without lotteries when self-insuring individuals choose interior solutions for their career lengths. Off corners, the more elastic is an earnings profile to accumulated working time, the longer is a workerʼs career. Negative (positive) unanticipated earnings shocks reduce (increase) the career length of a worker holding positive assets, while the effects are the opposite for a worker with negative assets. By inducing a worker to retire at an official retirement age, government provided social security can attenuate responses of career lengths to earnings profile slopes, earnings shocks, and taxes.     

员工职业发展模式创新

我国企业目前已经进入员工“职业枯竭”与“职业高原”的高发期。构建员工纵向、横向与同心圆发展的职业发展三维模型,更新职业发展管理对象和管理重心,平衡企业中职业发展阶梯宽度、长度和频度的关系,将是现代企业缓解或消除“职业枯竭”与“职业高原”现象的有效途径。     

Promoting nursing as a career choice

Fewer young people are considering nursing as a career. This project was designed to present nursing as a viable career option to middle school students. A questionnaire was administered to six classes of middle school students before and after a presentation on nursing as a career. Results showed the presentation improved student attitudes and perceptions toward nursing as a career. Nurses can use this project as a stepping stone to develop additional programs to interest students in nursing as a career before the students discard the notion altogether.     

职业流动中的性别差异:审视中国城市劳动力市场

本文旨在回答以下问题:(1)在中国城市劳动力市场中,职业流动性别差异以何种模式体现?(2)职业流动性别差异主要受哪些因素决定?文章使用第二次中国妇女社会地位调查数据,预测人力资本、家庭因素、社会资本、市场结构转型对男女职业流动的影响。实证结果表明:在经济转型期间,人力资本因素并不能完全解释我国职业流动的性别差异,而家庭特征、社会资本以及劳动力市场结构变动都对职业流动性别差异产生显著影响。     

科技企业组织社会化策略对新生代员工组织承诺的影响——一个有调节的中介模型

在易变性职业生涯环境下，组织与员工间冲突日益凸显，员工离职意愿明显升高，组织承诺作为预测员工离职的重要因素，受到组织高度重视。依据社会交换理论，以222名科技企业“85后”新生代员工为研究样本，采用层次回归分析法，打开易变性职业生涯视角下科技企业组织社会化策略影响新生代员工组织承诺的“黑箱”。结果表明：①科技企业组织社会化策略显著正向影响新生代员工的组织承诺；②组织支持感完全中介科技企业组织社会化策略与新生代员工组织承诺间的关系；③易变性职业生涯态度（自我导向/价值驱动）显著正向调节组织支持感与新生代员工组织承诺间的关系；④易变性职业生涯态度（自我导向/价值驱动）在科技企业组织社会化策略对新生代员工组织承诺的间接影响中起到被调节的中介作用。     

生涯适应力与科技研发人员离职倾向：职业成长机会与传统性的作用

组织内员工生涯适应力到底会强化还是降低其离职倾向？以生涯建构理论为基础,在中国特殊组织情境下,以科技研发人员为研究对象,实证探究了生涯适应力影响科技研发人员离职倾向的内在作用机理。研究发现：生涯适应力越强的科技研发人员往往表现出越低的离职倾向;职业成长机会在生涯适应力与离职倾向间起中介作用;更传统的科技研发人员在有良好职业成长机会时,会表现出更低的离职倾向;传统性对职业成长机会在生涯适应力与科技研发人员离职倾向间的中介机制起调节作用。职业成长机会和传统性不但一定程度上回答了生涯适应力强的科技研发人员为何离职率更低,而且也为企业管理者留住生涯适应力强的科技研发人员提供了理论启示。     

大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价研究

大学毕业生能否实现顺利就业并达到职业满意,是中国高等教育发展过程中面临的一个重要课题.而大学生职业成熟度的高低直接影响着大学生未来的职业选择和职业成功,因此本文在国内外职业成熟度文献研究的基础上,从择业价值观、职业目标、职业信息、职业自信、自我认知、择业依赖6个维度构建大学生职业成熟度综合评价体系,并运用模糊数学理论和基于主成分的熵权值赋权方法,建立大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价模型和职业成熟度计算方法,本文通过应用实例验证了大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价结果的可行性和实用性,从而得出了具有借鉴和指导意义的结论.     

Career, experience and returns to human capital: is the dual labour market hypothesis relevant for the UK?

This paper investigates the relationship between career status, labour market experience and returns to human capital accumulation in the context of a two-tier, career and non-career labour market. Using micro data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), this study detects wage and employment mechanisms that differ between these two tiers of workers. The paper finds no support for the hypothesis of strict duality, by which the returns to education are expected to differ across labour market segments, with the returns in career employment being high and positive and the returns in the non-career sector being close to zero. The paper, however, finds support for significant returns to current tenure only in the career sector and also for the scarring hypothesis, according to which part-time employment and unemployment experience have a negative effect on participation and earnings in the career sector. Finally, there is evidence that only non-career earnings are significantly affected by local demand conditions, in contrast to earnings in the career sector. Career status is modelled as an endogenous variable subject to an initial job choice.     

生涯适应力对员工创新绩效的影响

生涯适应力相近的员工为何有着截然不同的创新绩效？以生涯建构理论和情境力量理论为基础,以科技型企业员工为研究对象,基于207组配对数据实证探究生涯适应力影响员工创新绩效的内在传导机制。研究发现,生涯适应力越强的员工创新绩效越高,状态越乐观的员工往往不确定性接受程度越高,状态乐观和不确定性接受在生涯适应力与员工创新绩效之间发挥链式中介作用。状态乐观差异和不确定性接受程度差异不仅在一定程度上回答了生涯适应力相近的员工为何创新绩效显著不同的问题,而且为企业管理者解决员工生涯适应力提升问题提供了理论支持。     

ON THE EMERGENCE OF TOYBOYS: THE TIMING OF MARRIAGE WITH AGING AND UNCERTAIN CAREERS*

We explore how gender bias in career opportunities affects matching in a marriage market with search frictions and where an individual’s fitness decays with age. We document a “being left on the shelf” effect where young singles, who find the marriage market rapidly thins with age, rush into early partnership. Singles with stronger career opportunities, however, have a greater option value to defer marriage. More equal career opportunities for women (captured by greater schooling and better occupations) potentially explain the recent emergence of toyboy unions, in which the woman is at least 5 years older than her partner.     

Career Risk

The author defines asset manager career risk as the risk that asset owners terminate an existing manager due to an extended period of underperformance relative to a benchmark or peer group even though the manager has skill (defined here as positive information ratio). The author shows that myopic loss aversion gives rise to career risk even for skilled asset managers and that the current industry practice of quarterly or annual performance evaluations puts even the most skilled asset managers at risk of undue termination. The author also investigates how a reduction of tracking error leads to a reduction of career risk even though this comes at the expense of lower long-term performance. Finally, the author computes the minimum evaluation period needed to reduce career risk for asset managers of different skill levels.     

高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响

随着VUAC时代的到来,创新的驱动作用愈发凸显。基于职业生涯关注理论、企业生命周期理论以及调节定向理论,以上海和深圳两市2007-2017年A股制造业上市企业为研究对象,深入探究高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响。研究表明,高管职业生涯关注显著促进企业创新产出;企业生命周期负向调节高管职业生涯关注与企业创新产出的关系,企业生命周期越长,高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响作用越小;制度环境正向调节高管职业生涯关注与企业创新产出的关系,企业所处的制度环境越好,高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响作用越显著;风险承担在高管职业生涯关注与企业创新产出间起着中介作用,当高管职业生涯关注高、风险承担强时,企业创新产出会相应增加。     

IT产业知识型员工职业生涯管理策略的构成因素

IT产业知识型员工职业生涯管理的组织主导作用与个体参与作用显著，其职业生涯管理策略的内容及构成因素有其自身特点。IT产业知识型员工职业生涯管理策略的组成结构，包括职业匹配策略集，由招聘与录用中的匹配策略组成；职业发展规划策略集，由职业与自我认知及定位策略组成；职业发展辅助策略集，由发展道路设计与实施策略、教育与培训策略、工作一生活平衡计划策略组成。     

职业经理人的人格特质研究

职业经理人是以经营管理企业为职业的职业管理者,他们在企业中担任中、高层要职,在很大程度上行使着企业的领导职能,因此,这一群体的人格特质尤为重要．它在很大程度上决定企业的兴衰成败。本文应用卡特尔人格测试量表对福建、江苏两省312名职业经理人进行了测试．对测试结果进行的t检验显示．职业经理人群体在人格方面存在显著特征。与普通成人常模相比,在统计学意义上差异显著。因此,在选拔职业经理人时．应将人格特质作为主要参考依据．同时．要注重对经理人职业人格的培育。     

The extent and cyclicality of career changes: Evidence for the U.K.

Using quarterly data for the U.K. from 1993 through 2012, we document that the extent of worker reallocation across occupations or industries (a career change, in the parlance of this paper) is high and procyclical. This holds true after controlling for workers׳ previous labour market status and for changes in the composition of who gets hired over the business cycle. Our evidence suggests that a large part of this reallocation reflect excess churning in the labour market. We also find that the majority of career changes come with wage increases. During the economic expansion wage increases were typically larger for those who change careers than for those who do not. During the recession this is not true for career changers who were hired from unemployment. Our evidence suggests that understanding career changes over the business cycle is important for explaining labour market flows and the cyclicality of wage growth.     

基于员工心理契约的组织职业生涯管理

在人才竞争日益激烈的今天,职业生涯管理作为一种相对长久的激励措施越来越多地成为国内企业吸引人才、激励人才、留住人才的重要手段.由于组织职业生涯管理的内容和心理契约中员工感知的组织责任有许多一致的地方,所以作者认为可以通过有效管理员工不同职业生涯阶段的心理契约达到职业生涯管理的目的.从这个角度出发,作者提出了具体的管理措施,包括:建立有效的信息沟通渠道以明确并引导员工的心理契约,采用多样化激励方式以满足不同职业生涯阶段员工的心理契约以及抓住不同职业生涯阶段员工需求的核心以更好地管理其心理契约.希望这些措施能够帮助企业更好地管理员工的职业生涯,以达到保留和激励员工的目的.     

企业管理人员职业生涯成功的评价标准研究

职业生涯成功是近年来学者们研究的热点问题,由于不同的群体所处的环境不同,价值观不同,所以不同的群体对职业生涯成功的评价标准是不同的。作者以企业管理人员为研究对象,通过访谈和问卷调查来研究在中国文化背景下企业管理人员职业生涯成功的评价标准。研究发现,"职业满意度"、"工作-家庭平衡"、"总收入水平"和"晋升次数"是管理人员非常看重的指标。     

SCREENING FOMC MEMBERS FOR THEIR BIASES AND DEPENDABILITY

This paper develops conjectures regarding the process by which the President as a principal selects Federal Reserve Governors and Bank Presidents as his agents on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). It first establishes that FOMC members can be grouped into sets which are marked by ease and tightness biases in voting behavior. It then identifies certain career characteristics of FOMC members which are correlated with each of these biases. The paper goes on to isolate reliable partisan subsets within the ease and tightness sets and identifies a career characteristic which is highly correlated with membership in these subsets; that characteristic is a career as an economist.     

基于发展周期的IT企业职业生涯管理实施策略

处于不同发展阶段的IT企业，其职业生涯管理实施策略各不相同。IT企业的发展周期可分为创业阶段、成长和成熟阶段、再发展阶段，再发展阶段又可分为创新、专精、退出或并购三个子阶段，针对每一阶段IT企业的人力资源管理重点，从职业匹配策略、职业发展规划策略、职业发展辅助策略三方面提IT企业的职业生涯管理实施策略。