加快推进“助共体”改革 打造山区县“提低”共富样板

缩小三大差距是高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区的主攻方向,其中缩小收入差距是老百姓感受最直接、最深刻的主攻点。近年来,三门县聚焦山区县困难群众弱势、社会救助分散、帮扶内容单一等问题,在全省率先推行“助共体”改革,系统重塑帮扶流程和机制,构建了党建统领、数字牵引、县乡村联动、政企社协同参与的大帮扶格局,获得省政府先富带动后富“三同步”行动督查激励。2020年以来,累计帮扶弱势群体3万余人次;2022年低收入农户人均可支配收入18359元,同比增长16.9%。     

永锦宾馆“五举措”扎实推进帮扶工作的探索与实践

党的十七大报告明确要求“建立健全党内激励、关怀、帮扶机制”，这是着力加强基层党的建设的一个重要举措。河南永锦能源有限公司宾馆是世界500强企业河南能源永煤子公司旗下的一家煤业公司宾馆，一直以来，永锦宾馆始终坚持“职工利益无小事”，以职工维权帮扶为平台，着力打造困难救助、助学救助为一体，企业、党支部、工会联动，有效维护了职工特别是困难职工最直接、最现实、最关心的利益问题，打造工作品牌，提升了广大职工的生活品质，促进了职工队伍稳定和社会和谐。     

基于定量视角的支出型贫困分析

文章采集和运用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据库中相关的基础性数据,从支出型贫困家庭占比、支出型贫困家庭消费性支出结构和支出型贫困的城乡差异三个方面对支出型贫困进行统计分析。结果是：支出型贫困家庭的占比约为7.9%;在家庭消费性支出中,支出型贫困家庭医疗支出、教育支出和住房支出明显高于一般性居民家庭;农村地区的食品、医...     

关于我国社会救助制度在实践中遇到的问题研究

社会救助是社会保障的重要组成部分,它与民生、社会稳定密切相关.尽管人类社会发展到物质财富极为丰富的当今时代,贫困仍然是远没有解决的世界性重大问题,世界各国都在努力探索反贫困的途径和办法.转型时期,中国的社会救助的改革取得了很大的成绩,覆盖城乡的社会救助体系己基本建立,但在社会救助的实践过程中仍存在一些问题,这些问题能否解决关系到我国的社会救助制度能否进一步发展、完善,关系到广大人民能否分享我国经济社会的改革发展成果.本文主要探讨了我国社会救助实施过程中几个现实问题,并针对这些问题提出了政策建议.     

发展权保障理念下我国社会救助的制度转型

我国现行以生存权保障为理念的社会救助制度,已经面临严峻的挑战。它不能从根本上使贫困群体脱贫解困,无法顺应贫困主体结构变化的需要,难以实现助人自助的根本目标。发展权保障理念的引入,将极大弥补生存权保障理念的不足,并由此推进我国社会救助制度在保障基本生存的基础上从生存型救助向发展型救助转变。应当从生活救助到注重能力救助、从消极救助到积极救助、从补救性救助到注重预防性救助上实现我国社会救助的制度转型。     

农村医疗救助制度研究综述

2003年以来,农村医疗救助制度逐渐成为我国理论研究的热点。众多学者从不同的角度和层次对农村医疗救助制度进行研究。文章回顾了我国学者对农村医疗救助制度研究中的四个问题——建立农村医疗救助的必要性、农村医疗救助的基本框架、实施效果、制度创新及模式,指出今后农村医疗救助制度的研究趋势。     

农民私力救助维权途径之思考

农民维权的途径主要有“公力救助”和“私力救助”两种方式。目前,由于传统文化的影响和“公力救助”本身存在的种种问题,大多数农民把“私力救助”作为维权的首选途径。但农村法治化建设的要求终将使得“公力救助”成为农民维权的基本途径。为此,可以通过切实有效地发挥“公力救助”的优势,建立良好的法律制度,加强培育农村法治主体,朝着完善农村法治的维护机制等方面去努力。     

以人为本为民解困努力构筑城乡社会救助体系

一,政府主导,城乡联动,全面推动城乡社会救助体系建没。东营市按照“政府主导、部门配合、社会参与、管理规范、制度保障、城乡联动、分步实施”的原则,不断完善社会救助制度建设,先后出台了一系列文件,在全市建立了以城乡低保、农村五保、灾害、住房、医疗救助等为主要内容的社会救助体系,整合了社会救助资源,提高了对城乡困难群众的救助水平。     

农村贫困老人精准救助机制研究

农村贫困老人社会救助存在救助对象识别模糊、救助项目设计宽泛、救助资金管理混乱等机制困境。循环积累因果关系的下降循环理论和"精准扶贫"理论对此具有理论解释力,并能提供对策启示,农村贫困老人救助机制必须立足"精准",精准确定救助对象、精准设计救助项目、精准管理救助资金,构建适合农村贫困老人的精准化救助机制。     

福利危机与改革路径——20世纪90年代以来的香港社会救助

作为全球最活跃的经济体之一,香港一直坚持低税制、低福利、高发展的路线,并根据自身情况建立了一套具有香港特色的社会救助制度。但是,20世纪90年代后,经济、社会等领域发生的重大变化导致这一制度面临诸多问题。为此,香港政府进行了一系列改革,改革汲取了当代全球先进福利理念及经验,在许多方面突破了单纯强调收入援助的传统救助模式,而转向一种新的具有社会投资倾向的积极救助模式。     

论新疆外来农民工权利救济机制的构建

"没有救济就没有权利",救济本质上也是一种权利。新疆外来农民工是新疆现代化建设的一支重要力量,对其权利保护问题的解决关系到新疆的经济发展与社会和谐。文章主要从规范私力救济和健全公力救济这两个方面探讨新疆外来农民工权利救济机制的构建。     

加强扶贫资金管理 提高扶贫开发效益——关于加强扶贫资金监管工作的几点思考

政府投入一定数量的扶贫资金用于改善贫困地区基本生产生活条件,发展农村经济,增加农民收入,这是加快贫困地区脱贫致富的必要措施。加强管理,以切实提高扶贫开发效益和水平势在必行。     

Poverty identification: practice and policy implications in Vietnam

To identify poor households, the government of Vietnam applies a combination of proxy means tests and quick collection of income data. This paper examines how well the government's poverty identification reaches the really poor in Vietnam. It is found that there is a large difference between the poverty rate for provinces and districts reported by the government and the rates estimated using expenditure and income data from independent household surveys. There is also a large difference between the poverty status of households identified by local authorities and the poverty status identified by income or expenditure data. More than 50 per cent of the poor households identified by local authorities are not poor in terms of income or expenditure measures. A better identification approach would be to use only proxy means tests and not income data collected using the simple questionnaire.     

社会转型深入时期上海城镇居民各收入阶层消费结构研究

文章搜集了2002年以后社会转型深入时期上海城镇居民收入与消费的相关数据,运用扩展线性支出系统模型（ELES）,对上海城镇不同收入层次居民的消费结构进行了定量分析,分别从边际消费倾向、基本消费支出、消费支出弹性等不同的角度分析了各类消费支出的特点。研究发现,不同收入层次的消费者的消费结构和不同类型的消费支出各有特点。根据分析结果,给出了规范和引导上海城镇居民消费的政策建议。     

How to identify poor immigrants? - An empirical study of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China

This paper aims to study on the precise identification and targeting of immigrant poverty in the TGRR, with a multi-dimensional poverty line as a standard, which has transcended the traditional income poverty line. Then, we figured out the changing trend and the causes of immigrant poverty under the perspective of multidimensional poverty. Based on the dual cutoff method and regression analysis, the study results show that the discrepancy of poverty before and after immigration is significant, but the poverty problem of immigrants in the TGRR is still serious. The current multi-poverty incidence of immigrants is 30.15%, which means that there are still 2.3097 million people under poverty. The major causes of poverty in this region are poverty in assets, poverty in education and poverty in health. The poverty contribution rate of land scarcity has increased from 12.16% to 29.52% with the deterioration of land loss, which has a negative effect on immigrants' livelihood. The results reveal several outstanding poverty problems in this region: the coverage of social security of immigrants is far from ideal; There are still 12.75% of the impoverished immigrants without medical insurance and 11.36% without pension insurance; the percentage of female laborers, the education level of laborers, the percentage of agricultural expenditure and the percentage of medical expenditure have significant correlations with immigrants' poverty in this region. The paper argues that the precise identification and targeting of poverty reduction in China should be undertaken from a multidimensional perspective.     

Community poverty and inequality in western China: A tale of three villages in Guizhou Province

Using a census survey of households in Guizhou Province, this paper examines the patterns of village poverty and inequality and their major correlates. The results show that poverty incidences vary greatly among villages and inequality is relatively high within villages in these impoverished areas. Although agriculture is still the major source of livelihood in this inland western region, income from local nonfarm jobs and remittance is more unevenly distributed and accounts for the largest share of overall income inequality. Surprisingly, blood donation is another major source of cash income. On the expenditure side, health care was found to be one of the most important sources of inequality. The paper also found that the distribution of assets, particularly land holdings, contributes to overall income inequality.     

Poverty and Inequality Maps in Rural Vietnam: An Application of Small Area Estimation

The objective of the present paper is to estimate poverty and inequality for rural Vietnam at different levels of aggregation by combining the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey from 2006 and the Rural Agriculture and Fishery Census from the same year. Using the small area estimation method, estimates at the regional, provincial and district level are produced, and both expenditure and income based measures are considered. It is found that all provinces across the country have experienced a noticeable reduction in rural poverty during the period 1999–2006. Some of the largest reductions in poverty are observed for provinces with poverty rates close to the national average. The poorest provinces are experiencing reductions in poverty, albeit at a more modest pace. Provinces and districts with a larger poverty reduction in the period 1999–2006 tended to have a lower level of inequality in 2006. Results based on expenditure poverty estimates are found to be very similar to those based on income poverty estimates.     

中国农村反贫困制约因素分析

由于中国农村的贫困问题主要表现为农村家庭年人均收入绝对水平的低下,无法维持最基本的生产和生活需要。农村贫困户的家庭年人均收入又主要来自于以第一产业为主的家庭经营收入和非农业的工资性收入,所以贫困地区农户能否脱贫的关键就取决于能否获得较高的家庭经营收入和持续稳定的工资性收入。新时期制约贫困农户脱贫的因素众多,本文主要从土地、资本、劳动力等经济因素和基础设施、技术和制度结构等社会因素进行综合分析探讨。     

如何做好易地扶贫搬迁后续就业帮扶

易地扶贫搬迁计划实施后,我国秦巴山区贫困人口稳就业、能致富仍然需要后续帮扶。研究选取了秦巴山区 4 县 1 区的 3015 户易地扶贫搬迁户作为调查对象,通过因子分析对各指标进行归类,再综合运用组合赋权对其进行最后的权重排序,得出影响搬迁户后续就业的主要因素分别是：就业能力、就业方式、就业观念、就业质量和就业信息因素。最后,从提升综合素质、丰富就业方式、优化就业环境三个方面做好易地扶贫搬迁后续就业。     

国内外关于城镇贫困治理的主要经验及其启示

为了有针对性地提高现行贫困治理政策面向城镇贫困人口时的供给能力,本文对国内外关于城镇贫困治理的主要经验进行了梳理,并提出对我国城镇贫困治理的启示。研究发现,国外城镇贫困治理的主要经验是困治理制度覆盖范围广泛、保障项目丰富水平较高或灵活性较强、保障资金的筹集方式较为灵活;国内城镇贫困治理的主要经验是保障标准确定方式较为科学、严格准入制度细化分类救助、鼓励城镇贫困人口积极就业。最后从理念层面、技术层面、政策层面、制度层面提出了国内外经验的启示。