关于市场决定资源配置和更好 发挥政府作用的理论说明

明确市场对资源配置的决定性作用,实际上是回归到了市场经济的本义。市场配置资源的功能不只是选择机制,还有激励机制。市场由基础性作用改为决定性作用基本含义是,市场不再是在政府调节下发挥调节作用,而是自主地对资源配置起决定性作用。确认市场对资源配置起决定性作用只是明确改革的新方向,绝不意味着一放开市场作用就能实现资源配置的高效率。秩序混乱的市场配置资源达不到帕累托最优。完善市场机制主要涉及两个方面：一是规范市场秩序,二是培育市场主体。明确市场对资源配置的决定性作用不能放大到不要政府作用,也不能放大到市场决定公共资源的配置。更好地发挥政府作用除了通过自身的改革退出市场作用的领域外,还要承担起完善市场机制建设的职能。政府行为本身也要遵守市场秩序。     

Professional role clarity and competency in health care staffing--the missing pieces

Professional role clarity and role competency are the missing pieces to achieving staffing excellence. The relationships among professional practice models, professional role competency, professional role clarity, patient safety, data, and staffing effectiveness build a solid equation, which supports improved patient outcomes. An essential variable binding these elements is housed in the patient handover conversation. Ensuring this handover is an evidence-based, data-driven conversation which contains both the medical and nursing plans of care provides standardization in nursing practice and improves patient safety. This powerful equation resets the nursing standard of practice and identifies the missing pieces to staffing excellence, namely, the integration of professional role clarity and professional role competency.     

The role of role uncertainty in modified dictator games

We compare behavior in modified dictator games with and without role uncertainty. Subjects choose between a selfish action, a costly surplus creating action (altruistic behavior) and a costly surplus destroying action (spiteful behavior). While costly surplus creating actions are the most frequent under role uncertainty (64%), selfish actions become the most frequent without role uncertainty (69%). Also, the frequency of surplus destroying choices is negligible with role uncertainty (1%) but not so without it (11%). A classification of subjects into four different types of interdependent preferences (Selfish, Social Welfare maximizing, Inequity Averse and Competitive) shows that the use of role uncertainty overestimates the prevalence of Social Welfare maximizing preferences in the subject population (from 74% with role uncertainty to 21% without it) and underestimates Selfish and Inequity Averse preferences. An additional treatment, in which subjects undertake an understanding test before participating in the experiment with role uncertainty, shows that the vast majority of subjects (93%) correctly understand the payoff mechanism with role uncertainty, but yet surplus creating actions were most frequent. Our results warn against the use of role uncertainty in experiments that aim to measure the prevalence of interdependent preferences.     

工作嵌入对知识型员工越轨创新行为的影响——建设性责任知觉与角色宽度自我效能的链式中介作用

应用资源保存理论、社会交换理论和社会认知理论,构建工作嵌入对知识型员工越轨创新行为影响的理论框架,并分析建设性责任知觉和角色宽度自我效能在两者间的内在作用机制。运用层次回归分析法和Bootstrap法,对324份知识型员工问卷数据进行实证检验,分析发现：工作嵌入对越轨创新有显著正向影响;角色宽度自我效能在工作嵌入与越轨创新之间发挥完全中介作用;建设性责任知觉在工作嵌入与越轨创新之间发挥部分中介作用;建设性责任知觉与角色宽度自我效能在工作嵌入对越轨创新的作用路径中发挥链式中介作用。     

企业信息化、技术创新与创业板公司高质量发展

本文选取2014—2019年460家创业板公司的数据作为样本,分析企业信息化、技术创新与企业发展质量的关系,并检验技术创新在企业信息化提升企业发展质量中的中介效应。研究发现：企业信息化对技术创新具有正向的促进作用,随着信息化程度的提高,促进作用增强;技术创新对企业发展质量具有正向的提升作用,随着技术创新能力的提高,提升作用增强;企业信息化对企业发展质量具有正向的提升作用,随着信息化程度的提高,提升作用增强;技术创新在企业信息化提升企业发展质量中起着部分中介效应。异质性检验结果表明,在技术密集型企业中,企业信息化对企业发展质量的提升效应更为显著,而在东部地区企业中,企业信息化对企业发展质量的提升效应更为显著。根据研究结果,提出加强企业信息化建设、发挥技术创新的促进作用及为企业提供必要的支持等,为创业板公司发展、政策制定及相关研究提供参考。     

面向角色的中小企业虚拟人才管理

面向角色的中小企业虚拟人才管理打破了原有人才管理以人为管理单位的特点,突出以角色为最小管理单位,将社会人才与企业人才进行细分,利用弥漫式管理特点,解决中小企业人才危机问题。在角色理论的指导下,根据角色的定义,着重利用知识结构和工作流程等多种方法,将企业人才细分为众多角色。然后采用蚁群算法通过企业任务分配,形成以角色联盟为基础的虚拟人才。并尝试性地提出中小企业虚拟人才管理方式,建立中小企业虚拟人才库,从而达到扩大中小企业人才规模和提高使用效率的目的。     

孵化器创新经营的指标体系研究——基于三螺旋理论和ANP方法

国内的科技企业孵化器面临着经营转型的压力,积极探索孵化器的创新经营模式将有助于孵化器更好地发展,从而更好地为创新创业服务。近年来,政产学研多方融合对创新创业的作用不断显现,在三螺旋理论框架下运用网络层次分析法(ANP)探究政府、企业、大学各创新主体对孵化器的融合作用有助于各方更好地支持孵化器的发展。研究表明:充分发挥企业的主体作用、政府的主导作用、大学的支持作用,对于孵化器实现创新经营具有重要意义。     

伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿的影响机制研究

基于社会交换和社会认知理论，以426名员工为调查样本，研究伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿的影响机制以及这一机制中创业自我效能感的中介作用与组织创业氛围的调节作用。结果表明，伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿有积极影响，创业自我效能感在伦理型领导与员工内创业意愿之间起部分中介作用，创业自我效能感的中介作用受组织创业氛围调节。最后，提出企业应该高度重视伦理型领导者选拔工作，注意营造浓郁的创业氛围，领导在平时工作中应关注员工的心理建设等建议。     

Using panel VAR to analyze international knowledge spillovers

Technology diffusion often plays a critical role in models of trade and economic growth. Most existing empirical tests for international technology spillovers suggest some role for spillovers in explaining productivity growth. It has been relatively difficult, however, to identify separate roles for the direct and indirect channels of knowledge spillovers. The influence of these channels is often confounded owing to the focus on total‐factor productivity (TFP) and R&D spending within a cross‐section or panel data setting. This paper employs an alternative methodology to investigate the role of direct knowledge spillovers. Using citation‐weighted domestic patents, citation‐weighted foreign patents and value added for 14 U.S. manufacturing industries over the period 1977 to 2004 a panel VAR methodology is employed to investigate the dynamic role of direct and indirect knowledge spillovers. Evidence for the role of the direct knowledge spillovers channel is found—an increase in citation‐weighted patents abroad directly increases the measure of domestic citation‐weighted patents, after accounting for the influence of productivity/value added. The role of foreign innovative activity, however, is small relative to the role of U.S. innovative activity in explaining the dynamics of industry value added.     

不同领导风格、知识积累与组织双元性创新：能力柔性的调节作用

基于领导理论、组织学习理论和组织动态能力理论,研究变革型、交易型领导对探索性创新和应用性创新的影响,引入知识积累、能力柔性,考察其在两者间的中介作用和调节作用。层次回归分析结果表明：变革型领导对组织探索性创新具有显著正向影响,交易型领导则对应用性创新具有显著正向影响;知识积累在不同领导风格与双元性创新间起中介作用。其中,知识积累在变革型领导与探索性创新间起完全中介作用,而在交易型领导与应用性创新间起部分中介作用;最后,能力柔性在不同领导风格与双元性创新间具有调节效应。     

Inflation Dynamics in India: Relative Role of Structural and Monetary Factors

This paper examines the relative role of structural and monetary factors in the variation of inflation in India over the period 1996–1997:Q1 to 2013–2014:Q4. The paper finds that both the monetary factors and the output gap has significant role. The role of the output gap in inflation is found more prominent than the monetary factors like broad money growth, interest rate and change in exchange rate. The depreciation of exchange rate and broad money growth stimulates inflation where as the interest rate is identified as an anti-inflationary monetary instrument. In view of a comprehensive policy for price stability, it is imperative to know the role of sectoral output gap in inflation. The paper, therefore, enquires the relative role of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector output gap in inflation. Output gap of each of these three sectors provokes inflation where the contribution of tertiary sector output gap is found to be the maximum followed by the primary sector and the secondary sector output gap. The prominent role of the output gap and comparatively passive role of monetary factors does not necessarily imply a non-effective monetary policy but suggests that controlling inflation only through the monetary management may not be effective.

     

领导者追随反原型对员工创造力的影响：工作激情与社会自我效能感的作用

从内隐追随理论(Implicit Followership Theories,IFTs)反原型(Followership Anti-Prototype,FAP)切入,以212位领导者-追随者为研究对象,研究领导者FAP对追随者创造力的影响,同时检验工作激情的中介作用和社会自我效能感的调节作用。结果表明,领导者FAP对创造力有显著负向预测作用,对工作激情也有显著负向预测作用。工作激情在领导者FAP与创造力间起中介作用,社会自我效能感在领导者FAP与工作激情间起负向调节作用,社会自我效能感弱化了工作激情在领导者FAP与创造力间的中介效应。研究结果不仅开拓了IFTs的FAP研究视角,也丰富了IFTs的内容。     

学术创业者角色协同的驱动因素组态效应研究

学术创业是科技成果转化的重要形式之一。运用模糊集定性比较分析法,探讨影响学术创业者角色协同的多重因素及因果路径。结果表明,个体较高的认知柔性是产生协同的必要条件,实现高学术创业者角色协同的路径有3条,即认知柔性、政府支持和高校支持的联动匹配,认知柔性、团队异质性和政府支持的联动匹配,以及认知柔性、政府支持和家庭支持的联动匹配。其中,第一条路径更能有效提升角色协同程度,当政府、高校组织和自身条件有效组合与匹配时,能够显著形成耦合效应。不同路径涉及的要素既发挥协同作用,也产生替代作用,当认知柔性和政府支持力度较高时,只要家庭支持强有力,或者建立异质性创业团队,或者高校各项组织制度较为完善,均可实现高学术创业者角色协同。导致非高学术创业者角色协同的路径有两条,且与高学术创业者角色协同驱动机制存在非对称关系。结论有助于揭示驱动学术创业者角色协同各因素间的组态关系,为学术创业政策设计提供启示。     

虚拟顾客环境特征对新产品开发中顾客参与的影响

利用来自手机企业的虚拟社区中参与新产品开发活动顾客的调查数据,探究了虚拟顾客环境特征——交互性、社交性、易用性和使用者控制程度通过顾客体验的中介作用对顾客参与的影响机制以及顾客知识的调节作用。结果显示:交互性、社交性、易用性和使用者控制程度显著影响顾客参与;顾客体验在交互性、社交性、易用性和使用者控制程度对顾客参与的影响中起部分中介作用;顾客知识在交互性、社交性和使用者控制程度对顾客参与的影响中起显著的正向调节作用,但在易用性对顾客参与的影响中的调节作用不显著。     

论瑜伽运动与高校校园体育文化关系

文章运用文献资料等研究方法,结合社会学、文化学等有关知识,分析了瑜伽运动蕴涵于高校校园体育文化,又独立于高校校园体育文化,两者之间具有交互影响的动态关联关系,对两者的互动关系进行分析。探讨了高校是瑜伽运动与校园体育文化耦合的内部关系,社会是瑜伽运动与校园体育文化耦合的外部关系,学生是瑜伽运动与校园体育文化耦合的内化关系。     

团队中地位威胁真能“威胁”个体创造力吗——创新自我效能感和内在动机的作用

地位在实现个体价值和团队目标等方面有着重要作用,研究团队中地位威胁的影响对激发个体创造性具有重要实践意义。基于资源保存理论,采用问卷调查法获取210份企事业单位的有效样本数据,探讨地位威胁对个体创造力的影响,以及创新自我效能感的中介作用和内在动机的调节作用,结果表明：地位威胁负向影响个体创造力;创新自我效能感能够完全中介地位威胁与个体创造力之间的关系;内在动机调节地位威胁对个体创造力的影响。     

基于社会网络构建的人力资源实践与知识转移关系研究

人力资源策略对跨边界的知识转移与整合具有重要意义。关于这个问题的研究已经有不少了,而且目前研究的焦点主要是关注人力资源管理实践如何提高知识接受方的吸收能力,并进而影响知识转移与整合效果的。同时,随着越来越多的研究开始关注社会网络在知识转移与整合过程中的作用,因此很有必要从基于社会网络关系构建的角度来揭示人力资源管理实践对国际创业过程中的知识转移与整合的作用和影响机制。试图从这个角度来进行尝试,以提供另外一个理解人力资源管理HRM实践对知识转移和知识整合效果的作用机制。     

Expanded role of nursing in ambulatory managed care. Part II: Impact on outcomes of costs, quality, provider and patient satisfaction

This evaluation project used a triangulation of methods and data sources to link the expanded role nurse clinician (NC) to outcomes of costs, quality, and satisfaction in managed care. Results of patient surveys, case studies, cost-benefit analyses, interviews, focus groups, and HMO documents suggest that the impact of the role has benefit far beyond its costs. This article builds on an earlier article (Nursing Economic$, Vol. 17, No. 1). Part I reviewed literature on expanded role nursing in population management, and described the development of the NC role. In Part II, the NC expanded role is linked to organizational outcomes of costs, quality, and satisfaction. Results here could be used by managers and planners to provide rationale for implementing expanded nursing roles in managed care in order to improve ambulatory care processes, recruit and retain nurses, reduce costs, and increase patient and provider satisfaction.     

会展经济对农村经济发展的作用及途径研究

为充分发挥会展工具对农村经济发展的促进作用,必须首先要对此有全面的认识,并在此基础上分析其作用途径。文章在分析会展经济对农产品、涉农企业、农业生产者、农村经济等的具体作用的基础上,初步探讨了如何有效发挥这些作用的具体途径。     

Time‐Varying Spot and Futures Oil Price Dynamics

In this paper, we investigate the role of crude oil spot and futures prices in the process of price discovery by using daily data over the period from January 1992 to September 2012. We provide evidence that futures markets play a more important role than spot markets, but their relative contributions turn out to be highly unstable, especially for the most deferred contracts. Furthermore, considering the time‐varying dynamics provides evidence of a smaller role for futures markets and a greater role for fundamental factors in driving oil prices during the global financial turmoil of 2007–2008. The implications of the main results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed.