Solutions to the Employment Problem

Financial crisis has caused lots of real economies to close down, which leads to a great number of people lost jobs in turn. Increase in unemployment rate, layoffs and cut in salaries, all related news are on newspapers, televisions and the internet every day, causing a panic to the world. Are we in an economic depression like 1930s？ And isn＇t there anything we can do against this？     

Use of Linear Programming to Find an Envy-Free Solution Closest to the Brams–Kilgour Gap Solution for the Housemates Problem

Although the Gap Procedure that Brams and Kilgour (2001) proposed for determining the price of each room in the housemates problem has many favorable properties, it also has one drawback: Its solution is not always envy-free. Described herein is an approach that uses linear programming to find an envy-free solution closest (in a certain sense) to the Gap solution when the latter is not envy-free. If negative prices are allowed, such a solution always exists. If not, it sometimes exists, in which case linear programming can find it by disallowing negative prices. Several examples are presented.     

浅析新加坡的老人问题及其对策

人口老化是工业化的必然结果。在新加坡迅速崛起为一个新兴工业化国家的过程中 ,人口老化及其引发的老人问题也不可避免地困扰着这个国家。对于这一问题 ,新加坡政府充分重视并采取了积极措施予以解决 ,逐渐形成了政府、社会、家庭和个人四位一体的养老体系     

浅析新加坡的老人问题及其对策

人口老化是工业化的必然结果.在新加坡迅速崛起为一个新兴工业化国家的过程中,人口老化及其引发的老人问题也不可避免地困扰着这个国家.对于这一问题,新加坡政府充分重视并采取了积极措施予以解决,逐渐形成了政府、社会、家庭和个人四位一体的养老体系.     

Fair,Efficient and Envy-Free Bargaining: An Experimental Test of the Brams-Taylor Adjusted Winner Mechanism

The Adjusted Winner mechanism for two-player bargaining has been theoretically shown to produce “fair” (efficient and envy-free) outcomes (Brams and Taylor 1996). We study this claim experimentally in a bilateral bargaining game of incomplete information for two divisible goods using three information conditions. Results indicate that the Adjusted Winner mechanism can be quite effective in achieving both efficient, equitable and envy-free outcomes in an experimental setting but results vary greatly depending on the knowledge that each party has of the preferences of their bargaining partner. Under conditions of common knowledge, when players have competing preferences, their bilateral decisions converge toward efficient outcomes, yet only one-third can be classified as “envy-free.” In an environment where there is more uncertainty about preferences, pronounced strategic bidding emerges yet the result is twice as many envy-fee outcomes with increased levels of efficiency. Despite the fact that players dramatically misrepresent their true valuation for objects when ordinal preferences are commonly known to be complementary, both efficiency and envy-freeness approach maximum levels.     

供应链竞争优势来源的租金分析

租金是供应链系统竞争优势的重要来源之一,在供应链系统中,不仅存在关系租金,而且其他三种基本租金借助于关系媒介以系统内生租金的形式出现,关系租金具有基础性作用,价值链的加深与重构、知识流动与共享为获取异质性资源和创新提供支持,进而创造更为持久的租金和竞争优势.     

A Cooperative Bargaining Approach to the Assignment Market

For each assignment market, an associated bargaining problem is defined and some bargaining solutions to this problem are analyzed. For a particular choice of the disagreement point, the Nash solution and the Kalai–Smorodinsky solution coincide and give the midpoint between the buyers-optimal core allocation and the sellers-optimal core allocation, and thus they belong to the core.     

Searching Pareto Optimal Solutions for the Problem of Forming and Restructuring Coalitions in Multi-Agent Systems

Coordination is one of the fundamental research issues in distributed artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. Current multi-agent coalition formation methods present two limits: First, computation must be completely restarted when a change occurs. Second, utility functions of the agents are either global or aggregated. We present a new algorithm to cope with these limits. The first part of this paper presents a coalition formation method for multi-agent systems which finds a Pareto optimal solution without aggregating the preferences of the agents. This protocol is adapted to problems requiring coordination by coalition formation, where it is undesirable, or not possible, to aggregate the preferences of the agents. The second part of this paper proposes an extension of this method enabling dynamic restructuring of coalitions when changes occur in the system.     

城镇土地年租制的研究

我国从 1988年开始实行城镇国有土地有偿使用制度 ,这对搞活土地市场、促进企业改革和产权重组、保护耕地资源很有好处。但是在对土地年租制的权能问题上是有争议的。所以要借鉴国内外年租制的经验 ,依法运作 ,促进土地市场透明化。     

租金视角下供应链竞合的价值创造途径

供应链成员关系的本质是竞争与合作并存,其目的是价值创造,不同内涵的租的创造与保持构成了供应链价值创造活动的主要内容和目的.文章运用租金理论分析了供应链‘价值创造的途径,提出供应链是通过构筑进入壁垒获取张伯伦租、通过知识传递与知识创造获取熊彼特租、通过培育核心资源获取理查德租以及通过资源的互补效应与集束效应获取准租来进行价值创造的,而这种价值创造是通过竞争与合作共同实现的.     

A Critique of the Legal and Philosophical Case for Rent Control

Rent control is an economic abomination. It diverts investments away from residential rent units, it leads to their deterioration, it is responsible for urban decay such as in the South Bronx, it does not help poor tenants, it is a horrendous means of income redistribution. Yet this economic regulation is beloved of intellectuals (hot beds of pro rent control sentiment are Berkeley, Ann Arbor and Cambridge) particularly in the legal and philosophical communities. The present article is dedicated to an exploration and rejection of the arguments in behalf of rent control which emanate from this source.     

利率管制、租值与民营企业融资

运用新制度经济学关于价格管制以及租金分配的理论,对民营企业融资中遭遇的规模歧视与所有权歧视问题所作的分析表明：利率管制的租金创造与银行产权国有的制度安排,使代理人的外部与内部监督机制失效,是规模歧视与所有权歧视生发的内生经济逻辑。只有建立利率的市场形成机制、坚持国有银行的股份制改革、完善内部与外部监督机制,才能减少代理人机会主义行为动机,消除民营企业融资中的规模歧视与所有权歧视,才能一定程度上缓解我国民营企业融资难问题。     

土地出让金的财政学分析

从财政学角度考察分析我国土地出让金这个土地财政问题.揭示了土地出让金实质是一次性收取未来几十年的土地地租收益,具有是租非税、似税非税性质;透视现行的土地出让金已成为"第四财政",评价"第四财政"的功过得失,特别指出土地出让金在为政府带来巨额收益的同时,也暴露出短期行为、"寻租"温床、利益分配不合理等深层次弊端,建议当前在我国宏观调控已经取得初步成效的基础上,应对土地出让金进行一次全面的清理和整顿;最后还从理论上对"用明天的钱,办今天的事"这个新理财理念进行了辨析.     

土地利用分区与经济区划分的区别与联系

土地利用分区与经济区划分都是区域发展规划的重要手段。土地利用分区是为实现土地资源优化配置,对土地实行用途管制,研究的是土地资源;经济区划分是根据某些产业部门在某些地域分布的相对集中程度或对其有利的发展条件,将相关区域分为不同的经济区域,研究的是经济部门。土地利用分区是经济区划分的基础,经济区的划分是对土地利用分区成果。准确把握二者之间的区别与联系有助于政府统筹规划,制定宏观调控政策,促进地区经济增长和区域协调发展。     

搜寻成本与信誉租金对厂商定价的影响

信息的非对称性导致消费者在购物时要进行搜寻。搜寻是有代价的经济活动 ;在搜寻中花费的精力、人力、金钱、时间的机会成本构成搜寻成本。由于搜寻成本的存在消费者在购物时往往放弃搜寻 ,直接到信誉好的商店高价购物 ,以确保商品的效用。信誉度高而给产品定出高价从中获得的经济利润叫做信誉租金。搜寻成本与信誉租金存在因果关系。他们使厂商面临的需求曲线向下倾斜 ,使厂商给自己的产品定高价 ,长期均衡在经济利润上。     

结构性进入壁垒与行政性进入壁垒——基于租金分析范式的理解

本文基于租金分析范式将市场进入壁垒分为内生的结构性壁垒和外生的行政性壁垒,并进一步将后者分为能给在位企业带来额外收益的第Ⅰ类行政性进入壁垒和对企业施加了额外成本的第Ⅱ类行政性进入壁垒.企业寻求市场内生性的结构性进入壁垒会产生出有效产出,而寻求或者规避外生性的行政性进入壁垒则会导致与效率目标相冲突的逆向激励.     

管理人才测评的难点及设想解决方案

企业兴衰系于用人，用人系于“知人”。“知人”发展至今已成为日臻科学完善的现代人才测评手段，用好这一手段可以说已是企业傲视群雄的尚方宝剑。以此对管理人才测评中的一些难点加以剖析化解，以期为读者提供一些借鉴。     

论当代国际分工格局中发展中国家的分工利益

当代国际分工格局呈现出以要素分工力主导的特征。在这一分工格局下,人口较多的发展中国家,以劳动要素参与国际分工乃是必然选择。但劳动受其自身特点的制约在利益分配中处于弱势地位,因此要保障劳动参与国际分工的稳定性和可扩展性,保障劳动参与利益分配的公平性和合理性。从长远看,保障发展中国家分工利益的根本出路在于提高要素质量。     

如何做好图书馆阅览室服务管理工作

图书馆阅览室的服务管理是图书馆的有机组成部分,是图书馆的前哨,搞好阅览宣读者服务工作是图书馆的一项最基础的工作.     

租值消散、财政支持与农业保险区域性差异

农业保险对于减少自然灾害对农业生产的影响,稳定农民收入,促进农村经济的发展具有重要作用。由于各地区农业经济特点不同,因此应据此制定相应的政策。本文从产权经济学的租值消散理论出发,运用聚类分析的方法将全国31个省市分为三类,通过比较各地区面板模型的估计结果,对各地区农业保险的发展提出了相关建议。