Current issues and future directions in simulation-based training in North America

A number of emerging challenges including globalization, economic pressures and the changing nature of work has combined to create a business environment that demands innovative, flexible training solutions. Simulations are a promising tool for creating more realistic, experiential learning environments to meet these challenges. Unfortunately, the current literature on simulation-based training paints a mixed picture as to the effectiveness of simulations as training tools, with most of the previous research focusing on the specific technologies used in simulation design and little theory-based research focusing on the instructional capabilities or learning processes underlying these technologies. This article examines the promise and perils of simulation-based training, reviews research that has examined the effectiveness of simulations as training tools, identifies pressing research needs, and presents an agenda for future theory-driven research aimed at addressing those needs.     

长江中下游江海直达运输的现状及发展前景

近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展,能源与建设运输需求与日俱增,为江海直达运输提供了充足货源。文中从长江中下游江海直达运输现状入手,从货源、航道与港口、船型方面分析了长江中下游发展江海直达的条件,结论是长江中下游江海直达运输有广阔的发展前景。     

Preserving knowledge legacies: workforce aging,turnover and human resource issues in the US electric power industry

The aging of the workforce is believed to be a potential threat to productivity of companies both in the US and worldwide. High levels of turnover that may result from workforce aging could cause short-term as well as permanent loss of knowledge critical to firm operations and customer service. While there is a wealth of research regarding the causes of turnover, there is comparatively little research on the actual effects of turnover, particularly involuntary forms of turnover such as retirement. Focusing on the US electric power industry, whose employees have average ages and company tenures among the highest in the world, this paper explores the aging workforce issue both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results from an executive survey encompassing companies representing over 75 per cent of the industry's workers affirm that workforce aging is the electricity industry's dominant human resource (HR) concern but that it is interrelated with many other top HR issues, including skill shortages, leadership, and transition from an ‘entitlement-based’ to a ‘performance-based’ culture. Implications of prior literature on organizational learning, turnover and socio-technical systems theories are discussed, and propositions are offered as a framework for further research on the general effects of potential knowledge loss due to aging-related turnover.     

RFID在交通运输中的应用

射频识别是一种新的自动识别技术,它通过射频方式加快了对目标物体信息的获取与处理。文章简单介绍了RFID系统的工作原理,阐述了该技术在交通运输行业中主要应用,提出在货物运输中的频率宜采用超高频,并说明了该技术在这一领域中遇到的问题。     

Minibuses in urban transportation

Bus-route simulations suggest that minibuses could not survive in North America or Europe if driver wages equal those currently paid mass-transit bus drivers. If minibuses pay taxi-driver wages and standard buses pay current wages, however, minibuses would yield slightly and appreciably lower urban travel costs than standard buses given respectively marginal-cost and current prices for road services. Scale economies justify markedly smaller subsidies for minibuses than for standard buses. Underpriced road services justify substantial subsidies and preferential access to road capacity for both minibuses and standard buses.     

Protest and quiescence in urban politics

Cet article examine les interprétations marxistes et dites ‘structuralistes’ des mouvements sociaux urbains. Il propose l'argument selon lequel certains aspects de méthodologie ne sont pas incompatibles avec la perspective des études pluralistes américaines employée pour le traitement des phénomènes de revendications. Ces deux perspectives partagent la měme supposition, c'est à dire que l'influence coule des mouvements de revendications à l'état; ce qui amène à chercher les raisons pour l'échec à l'intérieur du mouvement lui-měme, plutǒt que dans les ressources et les stratégies à la disposition de l'état et de ses agents pour détourner et dominer la revendication. Deuxièmement, ces perspectives ne semblent pas avoir de critères de sélection, et analysent seulement les cas manifestes de revendications. Il est suggéré qu'une interprétation adéquate ne peut ětre arrivée que sur la base d'une recherche qui essaye d'expliquer les relations fondamentales de pouvoir dans le système urbain, particulièrement quand il s'agit de situations d'inertie ou de non-revendication. La seconde partie de cet article est un compte rendu d'une recherche empirique sur la suppression d'un mouvement ouvrier de revendication à Londres contre des politiques de logement ‘pour les masses’. Cette recherche montre de quelle façon la portée et l'exactitude des interprétations marxistes et dites ‘structuralistes’ peuvent ětre avancée afin de prendre en compte ces critiques. En měme temps, elle explore l'utilisation des pouvoirs coercifs par les autorités locales anglaises et l'influence exercée par les corporations industrielles sur la politique du logement.     

Why politics needs marketing

This paper examines the survey evidence for the low standing of politics, politicians and political institutions in the mind of the British public, and discusses its consequences. Present public opinion about political parties in Britain, and about politicians in general, is predominantly negative. Politicians are distrusted, to a considerably greater extent than can be explained solely by their bad press. Nor is the public very familiar with politicians or political institutions. Yet it can be shown that in general (and not only in the political field) ‘familiarity breeds favourability, not contempt’. This may be feeding through into hostility towards the entire sector—not only the strictly ‘political’, but other institutions such as public services which the public associates with politics or government. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications