Negligence,capture, and dependence: safety regulation of the design of India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor

This article contributes a case study of regulation of the design of India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). This reactor is the first of its kind in India, and perceived by the nuclear establishment as critical to its future ambitions. Because fast breeder reactors can experience explosive accidents called core disruptive accidents whose maximum severity is difficult to contain, it is difficult to assure the safety of the reactor’s design. Despite the regulatory agency’s apparent misgivings about the adequacy of the PFBR’s design, it eventually came to approve construction of the reactor. We argue that the approval process should be considered a case of regulatory failure, and examine three potential factors that contributed to this failure: institutional negligence, regulatory capture, and dependence on developers and proponents for esoteric knowledge. This case holds lessons for nuclear safety regulation and more generally in situations where specialized, highly technical, knowledge essential for ensuring safety is narrowly held.     

证券公司违反投资者适当性原则的民事责任

在我国目前的法律框架下,投资者能否直接援引投资者适当性原则来寻求私法救济颇存争议。本文从证券公司与投资者的关系出发,在阐明赋予证券公司适当性义务的法理基础上,从立法技术角度探讨证券公司违反适当性原则的民事责任机制的构建,以裨益相关立法与实践。     

试论我国内幕交易民事赔偿责任之完善

内幕交易是证券市场的顽疾．严重影响证券市场的健康、有序发展,然而我国现行有关内幕交易的法律法规却对内幕交易民事赔偿责任涉及较少。学术界对内幕交易民事赔偿责任虽有涉及,但在一些基本问题上仍未达成一致。本文从完善内幕交易民事赔偿责任的重要性及现实紧迫性人手,尝试对该责任的权利主体、义务主体、因果关系及相应的诉讼程序方面提出完善的建议。     

地方政府或有负债的实证分析

地方政府或有负债由于其不确定性和隐蔽性且疏于管理和规范 ,已经成为冲击地方财政经济稳健运行和社会安定的重大隐患。本文从实证的角度分析了或有负债的形成机理和影响因素。     

对我国卡特尔民事责任问题的探讨

2007年我国出台了《反垄断法》,成为规制我国卡特尔等垄断行为的基本法律,其中第五十条规定使得卡特尔民事责任有法可依。但是单纯一个条款来规定民事责任显然势单力薄,我国立法采用了援引民法规定来解决民事损害赔偿问题,《反垄断法》在实施上必然存在与其他法律的协调。本文就卡特尔民事责任的作用、性质、承担责任的方式等方面进行思考,认为,卡特尔民事责任体现了反垄断立法上的私力救济,其实质上属于民事侵权责任,主要体现为补偿性的赔偿损失。     

台湾地区“会计师法”的兴起、繁荣及启示

台湾地区现行会计师法共有五十一条,自1977年5月25日修订公布以来,已有五次修正。从这次新修台湾地区会计师法81条来看,其中新增条文35条,删除10条,修正38条,修正幅度堪称历年之最。台湾地区会计师法在最近数十年间得到了迅速发展,并以改善会计师执业环境,提升会计师执业品质,督促会计师专业自律功能为主要任务。台湾地区较早实行市场经济体制,不但市场体系非常发达,而且会计师法在其创新和实施的过程中,获得了一些成功的经验,对注册会计师行业在组织形态、会计师民事责任、赔偿责任主体及赔偿金额、规范会计市场的法律管制等更有借鉴价值。     

新形势下我国能源发展面临的挑战和对策

在国际政治经济环境发生急剧变化、国内能源发展存在突出问题的新形势下,我国能源安全面临着严峻的挑战。我们必须贯彻落实党的十八大精神,统筹国内和国际两个大局,着力从增强能源保障内生动力、提高能源利用效率、建设能源战略储备体系、完善能源金融体系、加强国际能源合作、实施海洋强国战略等方面,思考我国能源发展战略。     

日本节能环保法律、政策的经验与启示

调整经济结构、转变经济发展模式,是中国未来实现可持续发展的唯一出路。日本在节能环保领域的经验和教训,既为我们带来了通过增加节能环保投资扩大内需的法律、政策启示,也为我们提供了通过节能环保行动走资源节约型、环境友好型发展模式的经验借鉴。     

资本市场虚假审计报告民事责任问题研究

虚假审计报告事件在我国屡屡发生,而在实务中,注册会计师几乎不会因之作出民事赔偿。这种情况严重限制了注册会计师行业的发展。分析我国注册会计师民事责任法律制度的特点及审计民事索赔程序,探讨其所涉及的注册会计师过错认定、审计报告使用者的范围及民事责任的内容、注册会计师应承担的民事责任程度等关键问题。在已有研究的基础上,对推定过错原则的适用性、区分审计报告使用者的类型以分别确定违约责任和侵权责任,以及分别追究被审计单位和注册会计师民事责任等问题进行了研究。     

不真正连带债务理论在保险活动中的应用——兼评“无责免赔”问题

保险活动中,保险人与其他责任人对同一损失同时负有补偿义务的情形时常发生,保险界对其如何处理至今尚未找到明确统一的、具有说服力的理论或者法律依据,以致于虽然《保险法》第60条对相关问题进行了规定,但保险实务中仍然出现了包括机动车保险中\"无责免赔\"这类被法院认定为无效条款的约定,交通事故人身损害赔偿纠纷中保险人也被不当地判决承担连带责任。将不真正连带债务理论应用于保险活动中,能够为保险竞合和包括保险人补偿义务在内的补偿义务竞合情形提供广为接受的处理方案,能够为保险条款和《保险法》的完善提供理论指导,能够为\"无责免赔\"争议和交通事故人身损害赔偿纠纷中保险人权利义务合理确定等现实问题的解决提供思路。     

Effect of perceived risk on nuclear power plant operators’ safety behavior and errors

Safety behavior and human errors are major concerns for nuclear power plant operators. The present study investigated how nuclear power plant operators’ perceived risk influences the quality of their own work performance in terms of safety behavior and errors. In total, 349 operators from two nuclear power plants in China participated in the present study. We found that perceived risk had a negative linear relationship with safety behavior and a quadratic relationship with errors. Leader support played a moderating role in the relationships between perceived risk, safety behavior, and errors. These results supported the job demands–resources model and provided further evidence for the relationship between perceived risk and outcomes related to safety behavior and errors. Our findings suggest that an effective way to address the issue of high perceived risk is to provide a supportive environment.     

Toward the Development of a Global Financial Safety Net or a Segmentation of the Global Financial Architecture?

This article examines the prospects for the development of a comprehensive global financial safety net (GFSN). It discusses the optimal layout of the GFSN, comprising the International Monetary Fund, regional financing arrangements (RFAs), as well as bilateral or multilateral central bank swap arrangements, and the relationship between these. It then briefly reviews and appraises the current structure and functioning of these different layers of the GFSN and discusses the need and scope for strengthening cooperation between RFAs and the IMF. It argues that the GFSN is still very patchy and there is little reason to expect significant progress in better collaboration between RFAs and the IMF as long as the latter’s governance structure is not significantly revamped. Indeed, risks are that the GFSN will become even more fragmented with the further development of the European Stability Mechanism, and the emergence of the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement. To prevent a further fragmentation of the GFSN, substantial governance reform of the IMF is urgently needed.     

多数人侵权中保险人责任研究——兼评《保险法司法解释(四)》第16条

涉及自愿责任保险的多数人侵权理论和实践存在争论,无论是多数人侵权责任的体系,还是保险人责任的承担都未能明晰。应当明确,多数人侵权分为共同侵权和分别侵权,连带责任不仅适用于共同侵权,分别侵权中的"可能原因力"案型也应当适用。在多数人侵权承担外部连带责任时,保险合同没有约定或者约定不明时,自愿责任保险人应当就被保险人的外部责任进行赔付。在保险合同充分告知的情况下,明确约定了"按份赔付"条款,该条款应当有效,保险人仅需就内部责任进行赔付。《保险法司法解释(四)》第16条在文义上未能清晰表述,需要以责任保险的内涵和目的为基础,结合上述结论重新阐释。     

中蒙经贸合作的现状、问题及对策

近年来,随着中国与蒙古国经济的快速发展,两国的经贸合作关系越来越紧密,但在经贸合作中出现的一些问题不容忽视。针对这些问题,中蒙两国应在满足自身的利益诉求的基础上,采取互惠互利、灵活有效的对策,促进中蒙经贸关系更上一层楼。