我国民间金融发展的制度变迁与制度安排

民间金融的发展对我国渐进式改革提供了重要的金融资源支持.在分析我国既有的金融体制变迁的基础上,民间金融的发展是内生于民营经济的诱致性制度变迁.     

制度变迁与经济增长质量:理论分析与计量检验

本文提出有效的制度变迁是经济增长质量变化的重要原因这一假说,论述了制度变迁对经济增长质量的作用机理,并依据1992-2007年数据检验了二者长期因果关系。结论是制度变迁是中国经济增长质量的长期格兰杰原因。中国经济增长质量总体呈上升趋势,但与经济增长速度并不同步。提高经济增长质量需要从制度方面加以型塑,逐步实现经济增长与质量提高进行同步。     

Institutional Approaches to Economic Development: The Current Status of the Debate

The recent publication of "Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy and History" (Chang 2011a) has stimulated a thought-provoking debate, and has brought forth a wide-ranging demonstration of the theoretical arsenal of the new institutional economics. The debate proves that, as of yet, no satisfactory theory of institutions has been articulated, nor is there an agreement on the relationship between institutional change and the politics of development. It also demonstrates the presence of two distinct lines of research: ideological and political, both of which rely on different theoretical legacies, and embody distinct economic worldviews. This scenario allows a summary of the argument in the most recent literature to be made on the relationship between institutions and development, as well as to relate the debate to the concept of development as a process of expansion of capacities.     

经济国有化与行政垄断制度的发展——基于制度变迁理论的经济史研究

文章在新制度经济学的理论框架下,对新中国的经济国有化和行政垄断制度的发展历程进行了经验研究。研究结果表明,行政垄断与国有经济存在很强的共生关系。当今中国的行政垄断是以法律法规形式存在的社会正式规则,它与国有经济、市场经济长期稳定共存,是转轨时期中国经济制度的一大特色。     

城市群的兴起与发展——基于制度变迁理论的分析

城市群是城市化过程中的一项制度变迁,制度变迁的动因是交易费用的节约。城市群的出现是更加集聚、城市间联系更加紧密的网络型城市化制度对分散的、单一的、联系松散的单核心城市化制度的替代,是城市化制度变迁的产物。     

企业家制度创业行为过程——基于吉利与绿源的案例分析

以吉利汽车和绿源电动车为研究对象,采用案例研究方法,分析企业家的制度创业行为过程。研究结果表明:企业家的制度创业行为过程包括构建变革使命、宣传变革使命、动员资源建立联盟以实施变革;在此过程中,企业家运用不同策略实现各环节的活动,最终达到制度创业的目标。     

产权管制放松与制度绩效变迁——来自广东经济非均衡转轨的证据

过去大量的研究强调政策、区域、禀赋等对广东经济转轨绩效的影响,论文从产权管制放松的角度出发,构建了一个简单的博弈论模型,旨在分析广东政府放松对资源配置权利的管制对经济转轨产生的制度效应。研究发现,广东各级地方政府放松对资源配置权利的管制,大幅节约了租金耗散,并衍生出更多给予经济个体发挥比较优势的获利空间,扩展了市场范围,从而促进了地区经济均衡转轨。论文对于理解广东经济转轨问题提供了一个新的视角和框架,它尤其有助于揭示产权管制放松与经济绩效变迁二者之间的内在机理和制度逻辑。     

Economic Power and the Firm in New Institutional Economics: Two Conflicting Problems

The objective of this study has been to undertake an analysis of the economic and institutional determining factors of fiscal pressure in a group of European countries with different levels of economic development, recent history, or level of cooperation and integration among them. We have used a panel of data from 40 countries and a time period of eleven years. Apart from the variables generally used, we have introduced additional ones such as governing party ideology, rate of economic freedom of Euro-area countries, together with another set of institutional variables. Results obtained show that the purely economic model improves when institutional and geopolitical variables are included and, in this way, it is possible to see which countries governed by the left, belonging to the Euro-area or having been members of the Soviet block, and with economic freedom, are more liable to increase fiscal pressure.     

Post-Keynesian Economic Policies: The Case of Sweden

This paper attempts to present the basic features that would define a model of behavior suited to an institutional and post-Keynesian approach. To facilitate explanation, human behavior is divided into three phases: motivation, cognition and reasoning and decision-making. Motivation appears as a process directed toward the satisfaction of a complex structure of various needs and wants. The role of emotions and the social and cognitive aspects of motivation are recognized. Moreover, it is also recognized that human beings have limited cognitive and rational capacities, and it is accepted that they are potentially creative. Partly as a consequence of that, cognition becomes a social act and knowledge of reality is subject to fundamental uncertainty. Finally, human rationality (or intelligence) is associated with a search for good solutions, and it includes elements of procedural rationality, creativity and emotional rationality. The role of habits and institutions in all these phases is stressed.     

Institutional Economics as Theory of Policy Change: Impact of Past Policy Failures on Present Policy

Social scientists have developed several theories for understanding or evaluating policy change over time. Since all costs or benefits are not internalized owing to positive transaction costs, policymaking is always implemented under cost underestimation conditions and, therefore, is imperfect. I call this trait policy failure in this article. Furthermore, I show that a new framework combining the social costs approach and the legal/economic approach in institutional economics is suitable and can be applied to evaluating how past policy failures affect present policy, providing as an example the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.     

中国快递业制度变迁的内生动力

随着中国加入WTO并兑现入世承诺,服务业对外资逐渐开放。与许多学者和相关人士在入世前预测国内快递企业将不敌外资企业的结果不同,目前中国快递业的市场格局呈现出“三分天下”的局面。本文认为,在中国加入WTO这样一个外生冲击下,快递行业制度变迁直接的内生动力是企业不同的增长率,基于中国快递业的市场分割状况,笔者结合体制转轨动态模型给出了相应的理论解释。     

中国传统文化视角下的家族企业制度变迁

家族企业中的“家族”二字代表的是一种文化。如果我们不从文化角度理解“家族”,那么对家族企业这个概念的理解是不准确的。通过对近几年家族企业文化研究较为系统的梳理和评述,我们从文化纬度对家族企业制度化的实质和方式以及制度变迁的路径有了一个较为明晰和深层次的理解。     

基于制度变迁条件下中国私营企业产权制度模式分析

制度变迁由于受到初级行动团体和次级行动团体的影响,其变迁模式在不同的发展阶段呈现出不同的表现特征。本文通过对改革开放30年来中国私营企业在不同发展阶段的制度变迁模式所做的实证研究,深刻分析了中国在进行经济体制转轨的不同时期影响私营企业产权制度变迁的主体因素,并通过对中央政府、地方政府、非政府组织和私营企业四大主体之间存在的相互博弈关系的研究,提出了未来一个时期内中国私营企业产权制度变迁的模式应该是一种由企业主导、非政府组织、地方政府作为润滑剂或者中介并与中央政府相互协调与相互制衡的“双回路制度变迁模式”。最后就如何优化该产权制度的变迁模式提出了政策建议。     

Academic Medicine Under Economic Stress: A Case Study of the Institutional Change Transforming American Health Care

American Academic medicine--the system of education and research that trains the coming generations of physicians, produces new basic and clinical bio-medical research and provides the medical safety net in many U.S. urban areas--is in a funding crisis. This essay lays out an historical and analytical account of the institutions, functions and funding mechanisms of this enterprise. The objective is to interpret the forces that led to the current impasse in which the medical education establishment now finds itself, and what the future is likely to hold as the forces of budgetary stringency and market competition continue to accelerate. A comprehensive review of the cross-subsidy system, its intricate relationship to the federal financing of health care and its origin in the Vannevar-Bush-inspired post-war research establishment is offered. The standpoint of economic theory is then taken to suggest that the intertwined functions of academic medicine be viewed from two perspectives. One, it can be viewed as a financially unnecessary mix of public and private goods. Two, it is an institutional framework for joint production that evolved under the post-Flexner, post-Bush era reforms of scientific medicine, but which now may be in need of modifications to its mission.     

Institutional Change and the Evolution of the World Leisure Industries

I explore the changing institutions of leisure and their dynamic relationship with the evolution of the world leisure industries through an analytical framework that incorporates the theory of institutional change of Paul Dale Bush and related evidence worldwide. I find a ceremonial-instrumental dichotomy in terms of the forces that enter the different phases of institutional change and the receptivity of the markets. Since the mid-twentieth century, the world leisure industries have rapidly advanced because they are not only interactively promoted by an increasing number of mass leisure institutions, but also due to technological advancements and industrial innovations. Indeed, the development paths of these industries in different countries are influenced by institutional factors, such as public interests, culture, and education, and their interactions and changes over time. Given that the paths may not be so straightforward, my findings show that Bush’s related works provide a synthetic framework which deserves further examination in the economics of leisure.     

俄罗斯研发投入述评

俄罗斯对研发的投入分国家预算资金投入、企业部门投入、国外资金投入和其它投入,业已形成成熟的研发投资机制。在联邦专项计划的框架下,俄政府更加注重创新基础设施发展、科研成果商业化机制建设、优秀科学流派的扶持和科技人才问题的解决。联邦政府还采取多种措施吸引预算外资金,鼓励工业、企业界等资助研发。与世界发达国家相比较,俄对研发投入的结构性特点是政府投入的比重在国内研发支出中占主导地位。     

中国企业海外并购影响因素研究——基于新制度经济学视角的经验分析

文章对中国企业在海外并购过程中可能遇到的制度障碍进行了理论探索,并利用WIND资讯2004-2010年海外并购案例进行了实证分析。结果发现,正式性制度约束会通过产业保护对我国企业海外并购产生直接的显著影响,非正式性制度约束不仅能单独影响企业海外并购的成功率,并且能通过并购经验对正式性制度约束产生调节作用。     

中西部地区的经济发展与吸引外资:政策取向及其实效分析

自70年代末期以来,中国中西部地区的经济发展速度明显慢于东部沿海地区,外资注入较少是导致这种状况的一个重要原因。本文的前半部分,将分析造成这种差距的原因。今后十年,两个重要因素将引导更多的外资投向中西部地区。第一,中央和地方政府都在致力于通过投资环境和制定优惠政策,引导外资流入中西部地区。第二,随着中国加WTO,中国的外资政策更加开放,允许外同进入更多的领域和采用更加多样灵活的投资方式。本文的后一部分,将分析这两个方面的因素对中西部地区利用外资和地区经济发展的影响。     

制度改进的基本思维:演化动力和优化原则

新古典主义主要基于力量博弈解释制度变迁,但实际上促进制度变迁的因素有三类:一是社会力量结构的自发变动,二是社会力量结构的自觉变动,三是对制度本质的社会认知提高。其中,后两者都与认知有关,认知在非正式制度转化为正式制度中扮演着重要角色。同时,新古典主义主要基于效率原则设计社会制度,但实际上制度优化有两大原则:正义原则和效率原则。其中,正义原则是根本性的,制度的设立和完善必须体现不断深化的社会正义和应得权利。