关联方交易的几个会计核算问题

为真实反映上市公司与关联方之间交易的经济实质,财政部发布了《关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理问题暂行规定》(财会〔2001〕64号),明确规定上市公司与关联方之间交易对显失公允的交易价格部分,一律不得确认为当期利润,应作资本公积,且这部分关联交易差价形成的资本公积不得     

关联交易产生的资本公积如何处理

根据财会[2001]64号文《关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理问题暂行规定》的有关规定,上市公司与关联方之间的交易,对显失公允的交易价格部分,计入“资本公积——关联方差价”科目;出售资产、关联方承担债务和费用、委托及受托经营、收取资金占用费等业务中不符合标准的部分也要计入“资本公积——关联方差价”科目。当上市公司和合并范围内的公司出现这类交易时,上     

注册会计师考试有关问题解答(一)

《会计》问:教材第424页向关联方出售固定资产收入记入资本公积,而教材第483页抵销的分录为抵销营业外收入,请问这怎么解释?答:按照上市公司向其关联方出售资产等会计处理规定,上市公司出售资产给关联方,如果没有确凿证据表明交易价格是公允的,对显示失公允的交易价格部分,一律不得确认为当期利润,而作为关联方对上市公司的捐赠,计入资本公积(关联交易差价)。教材第424页例6,将甲上市公司向其子公司出售的固定资产净收益250万元计入了资本公积(关联交易差价),在甲公司编制合并报表时,其抵销分录为:借记“资本公积”项目,贷记“固定资产原价…     

关联方出售资产合并报表的编制

根据《关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理问题暂行规定》（以下简称《暂行规定》）的要求，上市公司与关联方之间显失公允的交易价格部分，一律不得确认为当期利润，而应计入“资本公积—关联交易差价”科目进行核算，并且这部分“资本公积”不得用于转增资本或弥补亏损，在企业清算之前应保留在账面上，在编制合并会计报表时应当特殊处理。本文拟就此类关联方交易涉及的有关内部销售的合并会计报表编制问题做一探讨。一、当期内部购进商品形成存货的抵销处理在内部正常购销活动中，销售企业将集团内部销售作为收入确认并计算销售利润。而购…     

关联方交易会计处理及实例探讨

<正>合理的关联方交易可以充分利用内部资源,降低交易成本,提高经营效率,实现盈利目标。因为关联方存在控制或影响的关系,所以人们对关联交易的公开、公正、公平性表示怀疑。现阶段对关联方交易的会计处理为:交易价格在没有确凿证据证明是公允的前提下,对交易价格中显失公允的部分不得确认为当期利润,不得用于转增资本或弥补亏损,虚增利润视为关联方对上市公司的捐赠,计入"资本公积"科目,单独设置"关联方交易差价"明细科目进行核算。本文认为现有的会     

上市公司关联交易对合并会计报表的影响及处理

财政部于2001年12月发布了<关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理问题暂行规定>,该规定将上市公司出售资产关联交易中超过规定的收益部分,作为"资本公积--关联交易差价",其实质是将原计入上市企业利润的该部分计入"资本公积",压缩了上市公司利用出售资产给关联方的交易进而操纵利润的空间.该规定对合并会计报表及其处理的影响,主要有以下几方面.     

当前上市公司关联交易存在的问题及其防治

主要问题财政部就关联方交易出台的《关于〈关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理问题暂行规定〉的通知》(财会[2001]64号)(以下简称《通知》)主要就两点进行了规范:(1)上市公司与关联方之间直接的商品销售、资产转让、债务转移和费用承担、承包和受托经营所产生的利润。(2)显失公允的关联交易产生的利润计入资本公积。但是,《通知》并没有就上市公司与关联方之间避开直接的关联交易或者上市公司与关联方之间通过比较隐蔽的方式进行盈余管理做出规定,也没有就关联交易的现金流问题做出规定,而这些隐蔽或者间接的关联交易因其不容易被发现正逐渐…     

关注新准则出台后资本公积的膨胀现象

近年来，为了遏制上市公司继续利用债务重组或关联交易操纵经营成果、粉饰财务会计报告，财政部在修订的《企业会计准则一债务重组准则》(财会[2001]7)及颁布的《关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理暂行规定》(财会[2001]64号)中分别将上市公司的债务重组收益及关联交易中显失公允的交易价格部分确认为资本公积，这样上市公司想依靠债务重组及关联交易快速“扭亏为盈”产生巨额的报表利润，似乎不再可行。从而使上市公司的会计信息的质量大大提高。然而从另一个角度来说，这一改革却使资本公积高度膨胀，改变了本来的性质。     

关注新准则出台后资本公积的膨胀现象

近两年来,为了遏制上市公司继续利用债务重组或关 联交易操纵经营成果、粉饰财务会计报告,财政部在修订 的《企业会计准则——债务重组准则》(财会[2001]7号)及 颁布的《关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理暂行规定》(财会[2001]64号)中分别将上市公司的债务重组收益及关 联交易中显失公允的交易价格部分确认为资本公积,这样 上市公司想依靠债务重组及关联交易快速“扭亏为盈”产 生巨额的报表利润,似乎不再可行。从而使上市公司的会 计信息的质量大大提高。然而从另一个角度来说,这一改 革却使资本公积高度膨胀,改变了本来的性质。 一、…     

谈谈非货币性交易准则的不足及其完善办法

修订后的非货币性交易准则规定，采用账面价值法确定换入资产的入账价值。当换入资产的公允价值与换出资产的账面价值相差悬殊时，关联企业可能蓄意低估或虚计换入资产入账价值，以此作为调整后期利润的“蓄水池”，或制造虚假亏损规避所得税。对此，分别换入资产的公允价值能否取得有力的外部证据及会计造假行为的具体目的，参照《企业会计准则一关联方关系及其交易的披露》和《关联方之间出售资产等有关会计处理暂行规定》等相关规定，通过“资本公积一关联非货币性交易差价”科目进行表内调整或表外披露，以有效遏制会计信息的造假行为，合理保证会计信息的可信程度。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.