区域环境承载力、发展能力与经济增长——基于鄱阳湖生态经济区生态足迹的分析

运用生态足迹模型,对鄱阳湖生态经济区2004-2012年生态足迹动态趋势和生态发展能力进行计算和分析。在此基础上建立区域环境与经济发展互相作用的计量模型,以此分析了鄱阳湖生态经济区环境承载力以及社会经济协调情况。研究发现: 鄱阳湖生态经济区区域发展能力得到逐步增强,但区域多样化指数不断下降; 区域人均GDP 与生态足迹之间存在相互影响的关系,区域生态足迹对人均GDP 具有正向影响效应,而人均GDP 与生态足迹之间呈倒U型的环境库兹涅茨曲线。最后从完善发展成果考核、强化环境保护力度和调整产业结构等方面提出对策建议。     

2001-2011年江西省生态足迹分析及预测

本文利用生态足迹模型、相关分析以及灰色预测模型对江西省的生态足迹进行分析。结果表明:2011年江西省的人均生态足迹比2001年增加了68.05%,为2.2366hm2/人;生态足迹与GDP、城镇化、居民消费水平及人口的相关系数均在0.94以上;预测得2012年江西人均GDP生态足迹为3659.247hm2,2019年为1798.4273hm2,即未来江西发展的不可持续状态将逐步得到改善。     

北京市人地关系现状及预测——基于生态足迹和GM模型的分析

采用改进过的生态足迹模型对北京市的人地关系现状进行了分析,并应用GM(1,1)模型对其耕地面积和人口数量的未来变动趋势进行了预测。结果表明,北京市近十年来耕地生态足迹逐年增加,其中区域耕地生态足迹的变化幅度比人均耕地生态足迹的变化幅度大;耕地生态承载力逐年降低,其中人均耕地生态承载力的降幅较区域耕地生态承载力的降幅更加明显。耕地生态足迹与耕地承载力异向变化,加剧了生态赤字逐年加大的幅度。在此基础上提出了控制人口规模、提高耕地产出能力及保持耕地产品地区间流动性等措施。     

中国能源生态足迹的影响因素分析

我国能源足迹总量在1978-2007年之间增加了4.49倍,一直呈上升趋势,其中煤炭和原油为代表的化石能源的大量消耗使能源生态足迹显著增加;本文选取人口、城市化水平、人均GDP、能源强度作为能源足迹影响因子,通过与世界不同收入水平的国家能源足迹的影响进行分析,表明不同发展阶段的国家影响因素解释作用各不相同,针对我国能源强度的解释作用最大.     

基于生态压力指数测算的中原经济区生态安全研究

选取测算生态压力指数(EPI)构建区域生态安全评价模型,通过计算2009年中原经济区各地市的生态足迹和生态承载力,对中原经济区范围内28个城市的生态安全状况进行评价,并分析其内部差异产生的影响因素.结果表明:(1)2009年中原经济区各市生态足迹均超过其生态承载力,普遍呈现生态赤字的状况;(2)中原经济区生态安全指数空间上呈现西北高东南低,生态安全呈现三级阶梯的状况;(3)徐州市、许昌市和邯郸市经济发展的同时生态相对较安全,开封市和襄阳市利用自身国家历史文化名城的特色实现了经济发展与生态安全相和谐.最后提出中原经济区应在强调粮食核心区建设、调整产业结构、采用高新技术、提高生态足迹供给的同时高效利用现有资源,选择具地方特色的、合理的城镇化道路.     

首都圈与长三角含水生态足迹差异比较研究

利用含水生态足迹方法,在测度2005-2012年首都圈、长三角生态足迹的基础上,对比分析了首都圈和长三角生态足迹的水平及其变迁。结果发现,长三角除人均生态赤字之外,总生态足迹、总生态承载力、总生态赤字、人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力及生态效率均大于首都圈;在人均生态足迹和生态效率两个指标上,首都圈内各省(市)的差距较之长三角更为悬殊,且省(市)际差距呈逐年扩大的趋势,而长三角的省际差距则在逐年缩小。此外,对比中心城市的表现,北京市拉低了首都圈的人均生态足迹和人均生态赤字,而上海市则起到了拉高的作用。     

北京市生态足迹的变动与预测分析

本文将投入产出分析技术引入生态足迹模型,使用北京市历年投入产出表数据对1995年到2005年期间北京市生态足迹规模的变化、主要影响因素进行分析并做出情景预测。结果表明:北京市生态足迹的最终需求、流入量与流出量都持续增加,农业和其他服务业的生态足迹部门构成呈下降趋势,其他部门均有所提高;资源生产能力的提高,使生态足迹有减少的趋势;最终需求变化,是引起生态足迹增加的最主要的因素;在未来,北京市产业发展落实三二一的发展方针,优化产业结构和经济发展模式后,能够更好地处理经济建设与资源利用、生态环境保护的关系。提出倡导创意农业、技术创新和促进生产性服务业发展的政策建议。     

基于生态足迹方法的洞庭湖生态经济区可持续发展能力研究

文章根据洞庭湖生态经济区2013年的数据,应用生态足迹的理论与方法,定量评价了该区域生态足迹和生态承载力。结果表明:2013年洞庭湖生态经济区存在较大的生态赤字,人均生态赤字达1.6421 hm2,区域内生态资源的供需矛盾较为突出,为不可持续的发展态势,最后提出了一些促进区域可持续发展的对策。     

基于生态足迹模型的资源压力及产业结构研究——以新疆为例

通过生态足迹模型,对2000²010年新疆产业生态足迹的动态变化进行时序分析,然后引用完全分解模型对生态足迹动态效应进行分解分析,研究经济规模、产业结构和足迹强度三个因素在不同时期对总足迹变化的影响程度。结果显示:新疆总的足迹呈上升趋势,产业生态足迹变化各异,在第一、三产业足迹下降的同时第二产业足迹增加较快;在生态足迹变化的分解效应中,经济规模效应是推动足迹增长的主导因素,产业结构效应在波动中也缓慢拉动足迹增长,而技术效应则驱使足迹下降。产业结构与资源压力状况不协调,应加快结构调整,促进产业转型升级,实现产业可持续发展。     

房地产投资对内蒙古经济增长影响的实证分析

本文基于区域经济,利用历次经济普查资料,以经济均衡增长为目标,量化了房地产业与内蒙古国民经济发展的关系,得到的结论是:长期而言,房地产开发投资每提高1个百分点,GDP平均提高1.88个百分点;短期而言,二者呈现反向修正机制关系,即上期房地产开发投资增长速度若低于人均GDP水平,则本期房地产开发投资进程的推进速度将略显加快,反之亦然。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.