基于SPFA的整车物流运输线路及运输方式的优化及求解

运输成本对物流企业的作用至关重要,而运用计算机辅助技术来解决整车运输线路优化的问题也一直是物流企业关注的重点。文中以安吉整车物流现有的运输网络为研究对象,以运输成本最低为目标,建立运输线路及运输方式的优化模型,并运用改进后的SPFA算法编程进行求解,从而解决运输线路及运输方式的选择问题。希望通过研究在降低物流运输成本方面做出一些有益的探索。     

基于遍历算法的多式联运运输方式选择

多式联运运输方式的合理选择可以有效地降低物流运输成本、节约物流运输时间,提高企业的物流服务水平。文中以多式联运经营者为决策视角,充分考虑运输距离、运输时间、中转费用及中转时间等诸多成本影响因素,构建多式联运路径优化模型,尝试运用遍历算法寻求货物从起点运至目的地过程中所有的运输方案包括所需运输成本及运输时间,以便为企业决策提供数据支持。     

物流企业运输成本优化研究

为了降低物流企业运输成本,构建了三类物流企业运输成本优化模型:不含中转站的供需平衡模型、不含中转站的供需不平衡模型以及含中转站的模型,并对其进行了实证分析,提出了优化物流企业运输成本的对策:实现物流企业之间的资源整合,优化运输方案、提升运输效率,提高物流企业自身运输管理水平。该研究不仅能够降低企业运营成本,而且对于我国物流企业国际竞争力的提高、建立新型的竞合关系具有重要的意义。     

物流企业运输成本优化控制分析

由于现代交通运输的迅速发展,物流运输成为了物流中不可或缺的环节。在物流总成本中,物流运输成本占了很大比例,因此对物流运输成本进行优化控制具有实际意义。文中主要探讨关于物流企业的运输成本优化控制问题,并提出相关措施。     

物流优化系统助力运输成本精细管控

科学的物流优化是降低运输成本、提高企业盈利能力的有效手段。配置计划作为中石油集团制定化工产品详细运输方案的第一步．其科学性是至关重要的。本文阐述了化工产品物流优化系统,通过多元线性规划模型对整体的物流运输进行多角度的系统优化。系统一改传统的配置计划制订的方式．从系统自动生成的全局最优的运输方案中给出优化后的配置计划,从而从根本上保证了配置计划的科学性及准确性。同时,在业务层次上对配置计划进行了进一步的细化．提出了配货计划的概念．可以辅助管理者科学、快速、精细地完成运输成本管控与决策。通过对历史数据的系统模拟表明了各种粒度的优化方案为降低化工产品总体运输成本会带来的巨大经济价值。     

中国物流企业运输成本控制浅析

运输是物流体系的核心部分,运输的合理化对物流起着至关重要的作用。如何能够有效降低企业运输成本,增强企业的竞争力,这需要从当代物流发展的实际状况出发,分析影响运输成本的因素,从而采取有效措施来合理组织运输,进而实现降低运输成本,提高物流效益的目的。     

多基地药品运输方案优化研究

鉴于物流运输成本在医药企业运营中居高不下的现状,提出了药品运输优化思路。采用复合单位运价,构建了运输优化模型;结合位势原理求得模型最优解,并给出了最优运输方案布局图。算例结果表明了该运输优化方案的有效性,为企业物流运输的规划和设计提供重要参考价值。     

基于低碳排放的冷链物流多温共配路径优化研究

低碳是我国今后相当长一段时期内经济可持续发展的必然要求,考虑到冷链物流在运输中的高能耗和高碳排放,本文将低碳理念引入到路径优化问题中,在传统的冷链多温共配车辆路径优化问题中加入碳排放成本,建立由运输成本、碳排放成本、制冷成本及损失成本构成的以总成本最低为目标函数的冷链物流多温共配路径优化模型。设计遗传算法,并用Matlab对案例进行求解,通过实例验证了模型的有效性和实用性。该模型可以为低碳环境下冷链物流企业的配送活动提供理论指导。     

高铁运输参与的多目标绿色多式联运路径优化

针对低碳要求下高铁参与的多式联运路径优化问题,考虑节点处各运输方式班期限制和运力差异以及收货时间窗约束等因素,构建了以运输成本、碳排放量和物流服务满意度为目标的多目标绿色多式联运路径优化模型。为提高模型求解效率,提出了改进基于参考点的非支配排序遗传算法。基于案例数据,对模型进行了求解,验证了模型和算法的有效性。针对运量和顾客收货时间窗变化等因素进行实验分析,结果揭示了各目标随运量和时间变动而变化以及高铁利用率变化的特征,可为多式联运经营人提供多差异性需求的有效运输方案。     

具有时效性的铁路快捷货物运输服务设计

针对铁路物流企业中运输成本和运输时间及响应速度之间存在效益悖反现象,研究了具有时效性的铁路快捷货物运输问题,运用动态服务网络设计方法,解决了铁路运输企业的运营策略规划,实现铁路运输企业运力资源的优化配置和有效利用,同时满足客户的运输需求;在分析运输服务组织策略及其效益的基础上,构建了基于多种交通方式的考虑了运到时限时间窗的快捷货物运输的服务设计模型.基于模型的特点,设计了加边与减边的局部改进启发式算法,算例表明算法可行.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。