广东省土地勘测规划院获得全国规划环境影响评价资格

2005年8月3日，广东省土地勘测规划院经过国家环保总局的审核和遴选．被评为全国第三批规划环境影响评价推荐单位（国家环境保护总局2005年第37号公告），为下一步在土地利用总体规划中进行战略环境影响评价奠定了基础。战略环境影响评价（SEA）是环境影响评价在战略层次上的应用，它是对一项战略，具体包括法律、政策、计划、规划，以及战略替代方案的环境影响进行正式、系统和综合的评价过程，目的是通过SEA消除和降低因战略失效造成的环境影响，     

土地利用规划的战略环境影响评价

研究目的:解决我国现有土地利用可持续发展目标之间矛盾,实现土地利用过程中的生态经济协同发展的战略目标。研究方法:比较研究与系统分析。研究结果:分析了我国土利用规划的现状及存在的环境问题;提出在土利用规划中引入环评,重点探讨了土地利用总体规划的战略环境影响评价(SEA)体系(内容、程序、指标体系、方法等)。研究结论:引入战略环境影响评价体系是土地利用总体规划的必然之路,而这一体系的建立和完善还需要不断地研究和实践。     

德国规划的环境影响评价方法和步骤评介

研究目的 :为我国土地利用规划环境影响评价提供借鉴。研究方法 :文献资料法。研究结果 :介绍了德国战略环境影响评价的对象和评价步骤 ,并从适用范围和评价步骤方面比较了战略环境影响评价与项目环境影响评价的异同。     

城市化进程中重大发展规划的战略环境评价（SEA）

城市化进程中的战略环境评价（SEA）是指在城市化进程中对城市化政策，重大发展规划、计划及其在替代方案的环境影响进行规范的，系统的、综合的评价过程。电力发展是深圳市城市化进程中发展经济和提高人民生活水平的客观需要，本文以可持续发展为目标对电力发展规划进行SEA，并提出减缓措施。     

土地整理项目规划环境影响评价研究

从土地整理与环境之间的关系人手,回顾并分析了土地整理项目环境影响评价的历史发展过程及评价原理,运用列昂波特相互作用矩阵法对土地整理项目的环境影响进行了识别,据此建立了土地整理项目环境影响评价指标框架和指标体系,并提出了土地整理项目环境影响评价指标流程以及评价方法,初步形成了土地整理项目环境影响评价规程.     

"能值理论"可以一试

现阶段,国内外学者一般采用状态描述法、指标法、意愿调查法等方法进行生态评价和环境评价.近年来,随着我国新一轮土地利用规划修编的进行,土地利用规划环境影响评价的研究工作相继展开,通常采用的是指标法,其评价结果表达为一个或多个综合性生态参数,使环境评价无法同社会经济评价建立直接的关联进行对比分析.而能值理论则为土地利用规划环境影响评价提供了新的思路.     

生态服务价值理论在土地整理规划环境影响评价中的应用初探

《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》明确规定土地利用有关规划在编制过程中必须进行环境影响评价。目前我国土地整理规划环境影响评价处于探索阶段，理论、方法研究不完善。通过分析得出，在土地整理规划环境影响评价的过程中应用生态服务功能价值理论具有一定的意义，能够定量反映土地整理规划对环境的影响，提高土地整理规划的环境可行性，并且通过结合小尖镇土地整理规划的实例分析，以期为土地整理规划环境影响评价提供定量化技术方法。小尖镇土地整理规划实施后，由于坑塘水面的减少，生态服务功能价值减少了7.3％，在其规划设计中要对一定数量、面积的坑塘水面进行保护，以减少对生态环境的不良影响。     

矿产资源开发利用的环境影响评价体系研究

文章结合我国矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价的现状,初步构建了矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价体系:矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价的类型分为单个矿产资源开发利用建设项目的环境影响评价、区域矿产资源开发利用的环境影响评价和规划、政策的矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价;构建了矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价的三级指标体系;整理分析了矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价的方法集;提出矿产资源开发利用环境影响评价的一般工作程序.     

水利专项规划环境影响评价探讨

针对水利专项规划环境影响评价的内容及评价重点进行了探讨,并就如何推动、发展和完善水利专项规划环境影响评价提出了建议。认为,水利专项规划环境影响评价内容主要包括规划协调性分析、环境现状分析、环境影响识别、环境影响预测分析与评价、环境影响减缓措施、环境监测与跟踪评价等,应从宏观角度考虑规划方案实施对流域（区域）社会、经济和环境产生的影响并进行全面分析与预测评价,把握主要环境问题,充分重视自然保护区等生态敏感点,保证流域（区域）生态环境需水,考虑梯级水库的叠加累积影响,从环境保护的角度为拟定和优化规划方案提供参考。     

论农地环境影响评价的农民参与缺失与粮食生产的环境保护

《环境影响评价法》规定了公民对环境影响评价的参与权,但它没有明确规定当事农民参与的主体资格,也未明确规定农民的知情权,农民对农地环境污染评价的意见受尊重权亦未能真正落实,从而导致粮食在生产环节受污染事件时有发生。本文对于完善农民参与农地环境影响评价制度提出了构想。     

Ecosystem services in spatial planning and strategic environmental assessment—A European and Portuguese profile

Despite the growing interest on ecosystem services (ES) in research, significant knowledge gaps on ES integration in decision making subsist. Particularly, ES-focused profiles of governance frameworks for different policy areas, like spatial planning, are scarce. The goal of this research is to draw a profile on ES integration in the European policy and guidance framework for spatial planning and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). To investigate how this framework might be translated in a particular country of the EU and across different levels of governance, the Portuguese spatial planning and SEA framework is also analysed. To achieve these goals, a content analysis of policy and guidance documents was conducted. We have found a general low level of explicit ES integration, but some notions associated with ES are present in the documents, although more indirectly. Results highlight the potential role of SEA for ES integration. However, in the Portuguese context, the contribution of SEA in practice is currently limited and for the coming years ES will not be specifically targeted or integrated in regional spatial planning practice. Recent changes in the wider European governance framework contribute to potentially higher degrees of ES integration in the future. Nevertheless, bottom-up demand for improved ES integration in plans and policies will be an important driver. Our approach contributes to identify which policies, plans and guiding documents need improved ES integration.     

SEA making inroads in land-use planning in Brazil: The case of the Extreme South of Bahia with forestry and biofuels

In Brazil, incorporating the environmental dimension to the planning process is a challenging process. Planning has historically been carried without considering environmental protection concerns. The country's large development projects have engendered a discussion on the feasibility of these works given the conflicts with environmental policies. The strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a tool that has the potential to integrate the sectoral, territorial and environmental perspectives to promote sustainable development, as shown by international experience. Its use has not yet been regulated in Brazil, only been voluntary initiatives, both public and private, have been implemented. This paper presents the structure and results of the SEA of the plans to expand silviculture of eucalyptus and biofuels in the Extreme South Region of Bahia state, in the Brazilian Northeast, in a context of sectoral planning dissociated from government guidelines for land use policy and environmental protection. It portrays a practical case of methodological proposal for the use of socio-environmental criteria to establish limits for land occupation by monocultures, for each of the municipalities of the study region, according to their specific climate, soil, relief and environmental preservation characteristics. Various alternatives were identified to ensure areas with greater productivity for small family farming and areas with potential for preservation. SEA helped to a better understanding of the effects of the expansion of the planting areas in each alternative, which was essential to help all stakeholders visualize the consequences of their strategies. Consequently, as results the SEA outlined a series of guidelines and restrictions for the various levels of government and the production sector. For instance, SEA suggested for Federal, State and Municipality governments that areas with better soil and climate conditions could be reserved for public policies to incentive the diversification of the uses of the territory, such as food production. SEA also suggests the adoption of incentive programs to establish multiple-use forests. The SEA recommended that the state government integrate its program for strengthening family agriculture with land-use planning criteria, based on cooperative systems The methodology employed has evidences to be replicable in other regions of Brazil and in developing countries.     

土地利用规划环境影响评价若干问题探讨

研究目的 :探讨土地利用规划环境影响评价有关问题 ,为土地利用规划修编提供基础。研究方法 :综合分析法。研究结果 :提出了土地利用规划环境影响评价的内涵、基本工作程序、指标体系与评价方法。研究结论 :应深入开展土地利用规划环境影响评价研究 ,尽快出台相关技术规程。     

规划导向的土地利用规划环境影响评价方法

研究目的:建立适合中国土地利用规划的环境影响评价程序和方法.研究方法:文献资料法,对比法.研究结果:中国土地利用规划环评宜采用规划导向的环境影响评价方法,在程序上主要采取与规划过程并行的方式,并与土地利用规划的空间体系相适应,选择相应的模式.研究结论:评价对象的差异决定了战略环评与项目环评的方法有所不同,宜从中国土地利用规划的特点出发,使评价的方法具有针对性和可操作性.     

Strategic public land use assessment and planning in Victoria,Australia: Four decades of trailblazing but where to from here?

While various attempts have been made to establish strategic environmental assessment (SEA) processes and institutions in various jurisdictions within Australia, the success of these often short lived attempts at institutional approaches for managing public land use conflict has been patchy. The experience in the State of Victoria has been somewhat different, with public land use assessment and planning having been informed by a series of independent statutory bodies since 1970 (the Land Conservation Council, Environment Conservation Council, and Victorian Environmental Assessment Council). These SEA bodies have played a major role in mediating environmental conflict over public land use, and have significantly contributed to the increased size and coverage of Victoria's protected area system. However, while there has always been a statutory body in operation, the roles and responsibilities of these bodies have been subject to significant legislative change, with existing bodies replaced by new bodies in 1997 and 2001. Justifications for these reforms included changing circumstances and new understandings about environmental management, as well as changing views about public administration. As a way of contributing to enhancing the design of institutions and processes for strategic environmental assessment, this paper provides an assessment of Victoria's approach and discusses possible future directions.     

英国《气候变化法》的出台及其减排路线图

2008年11月26日英国《气候变化法》最终经女王批准形成法律,使英国成为世界上第一个将温室气体减排目标以法律形式确定下来的国家。论述了该法出台的过程、主要内容及其出台的背后原因,并分析出英国未来减排的路线图。这些结论对我国未来对气候变化有很好的参考价值。     

RELATIVE PRICE VARIABILITY AMONG AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

This paper develops measures of relative price variability among agricultural commodities in the UK farm sector for the period 1956-88. Econometric tests of the hypothesis that relative price variability is positively correlated with instability in the macroeconomy are carried out. The results indicate that UK agricultural commodity prices become more volatile relative to one another when the economy-wide inflation rate increases and when aggregate output becomes more variable. These findings suggest that UK producers and consumers of domestically grown farm products experience increased risk and uncertainty in their production and consumption decisions during periods of macroeconomic instability. The effects of UK entry into the European Community are also examined; no evidence is found to suggest that adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy reduced year-to-year relative price variability among agricultural commodities.     

Waterway freight transport — survival or revival?

The author sees the official opening of the first new stretch of commercial waterway in the UK since 1905 as possibly the initial step towards a reappraisal of inland freight transportation. She explains the relative value of this method of transport in the 1980s despite the constant failure of successive UK governments to promote its use. A comparison is made of the decline of the UK inland waterway system of the Industrial Revolution, and the growth of the Western European system of the 20th century. The author pinpoints the West German and Dutch examples and returns to the UK situation in an attempt to understand why it has been so different. An analysis of recent moves by the UK legislature is given and the article concludes with a plea for some fundamental rethinking in UK transport planning.     

Micro insights on the pathways to agricultural transformation: Comparative evidence from Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Most studies of agricultural transformation document the impact of agricultural income growth on macroeconomic indicators of development. Much less is known about the micro-scale changes within the farming sector that signal a transformation precipitated by agricultural income growth. This study provides a comparative analysis of the patterns of micro-level changes that occur among small-holder farmers in Uganda and Malawi in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia (SEA). Our analysis provides several important insights on agricultural transformation in these two regions. First, agricultural income in all examined countries is vulnerable to changes in precipitation and temperature, an effect that is nonlinear and asymmetric. SSA countries are more vulnerable to these weather changes. Second, exogenous increases in agricultural income in previous years improve non-farm income and trigger a change in labor allocation within the rural sector in SEA. However, this is the opposite in SSA where the increase in agricultural income reduces non-farm income, indicating a substitution effect between farm and non-farm sectors. These findings reveal clear agricultural transformation driven by agricultural income in SEA but no similar evidence in SSA.