地勘企业改制的思考

地勘企业改制的形式只能由企业本身的实际情况决定.文章分析了地勘企业的现状、职工参与改制条件,文章阐述了地勘企业改制形式的选择、地勘主管部门的管理职能转变等相关问题.     

地勘行业产权制度改革和劳动关系调整的途径

文章指出 ,衡量国有企业改制是否完成要看其是否实现了多元产权结构 ,是否调整了劳动关系 ,是否建立了现代企业制度和形成了有效的法人治理结构。文章结合云南省地矿局的实际 ,就地勘行业产权制度改革和劳动关系调整进行了论述 ,指出地勘行业产权制度改革的三条途径 :即分离式改制、分离重组式改制、采取多元投资方式组建新企业。并提出消灭传统意义上的国有企业。以调整劳动关系 ,改变职工依附地勘单位 ,地勘单位对职工负无限责任的现状。     

分立改制是加快地勘单位企业化的重要选择

文章认为，地勘单位的企业化改革要借鉴国有企业分立改制经验。文章作者对地勘单位分立改制的必要性和可行性进行了分析，并对地勘单位分立改制的几个值得思考的几个问题提出了自己的看法和建议。     

在地勘单位中尝试MBO

MBO通称管理者收购 ,是起源于 2 0世纪 70年代 ,由美国“KKR公司”最初操作的企业收购手段。文章把MBO方式的优点与当前地勘单位转企改制的实际情况结合起来 ,从三个方面 (即 ,MBO是明晰产权 ,提高资本市场运作效率的选择 ;MBO是人力资本实现价值的重要途径 ;MBO是提升企业竞争力的重要手段之一 )阐述了在地勘单位多种经营企业中尝试MBO方式的可行性。     

中国地质矿产经济学会 1997年学术年会优秀论文名单

本次年会提交会议交流论文86篇，经与会代表初选和参会理事终评，共选出24篇优秀论文，名单如下：一等奖三篇地质勘查业中的资本运动张文驹论我国矿业政策的定位冯剑萍地勘业发展的几个问题蒋志二等奖六篇对冶金地质部门工业企业改制的研究“工业企业改制”联合调研组对甘肃地勘局推行大公司战略的一些思考赵蔚东关于放活地矿部门小企业的思考霍雅勤排华军地勘单位“跨跃式”改制的难点与对策蒋永隆林运楼地勘单位转机改制的现状与对策罗必伦地勘单位推行股份合作制的思考祁兰夫游泽远三等奖十五篇关于对资本运营问题的探索张自俊资本运营是…     

地勘单位股份合作制问题探讨

作者认为，实行股份合作制是放开搞活国有小型企业的一种有效途径。文章对地勘单位改制为股份合作制企业的可行性和改制运作进行了有益的探讨，并强调了地勘单位实行股份合作制改造中的有关问题。     

浅谈深化地勘单位的转企改制

文章结合云南有色地质三○八队的实际,分析了当前地勘单位转企改制中存在的十个问题和七个方面的再认识,在此基础上提出了深化地勘单位转企改制的十项对策.     

地勘单位如何在改革改制中建立健全监督体系

地勘单位在改革改制中要围绕单位发展实际,建立健全监督体系:①建立健全改制企业的监督法规制度,着重抓好贯彻落实;②深入推进现代企业制度,规范法人治理结构,建立决策、监督两权分离,相互制约的运行机制;③加强董事会、监事会、经营班子人员的培训建设,建立地勘单位党政组织间相互制约的权利关系,提高监督水平。     

局对队级地勘单位实行净资产全员风险抵押承包的可行性初探

本文借鉴试点企业的经验,结合冶金部第一地勘局的实际,探讨了地勘局对地勘单位实行净资产全员风险抵押承包的可行性问题,设定了多种方案,并分析了可能出现的问题,提出了完善经营承包制的参考意见。     

地勘企业股份合作制改造中的几个问题

本文重点阐述了地勘企业在股份合作制改造过程中,前、中、后三个阶段分别需要注意的问题,阐述了改制与管理的关系问题.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.