辨析：全球化与经济全球化

全球化、经济全球化、一体化的含义不同，它们相互之间的关系复杂，既相互区别又相互联系相互作用。弄清这些概念及其关系，有重大理论意义和实践意义。     

A Special Theory of Globalization:

The focus of this study is to provide theoretical and empirical evidence supporting a new direction of globalization offering the viewpoint of marketing globalization. The result of this analysis suggests a special theory of globalization that can be implemented by the multinational organization. One approach to globalization focuses on a standardized marketing mix strategy to global homogenous markets, while the other focuses on a modified marketing mix strategy to global diverse markets. Multinational corporations can engage in either or both strategies while maintaining a global approach to international marketing.     

Christmas in Japan: Globalization Versus Localization

Products and services promoted on a global scale raise issues of globalism that are more superficial than the issues raised by the globalization of world holidays. It is one thing to have an Ikea and a KFC in the city, and conceivably quite another thing to have Christmas, Valentine's Day, and Halloween. Holidays like these have more complex cultural ideologies behind them. They threaten to displace traditional local holidays. And they offer a significant context in which to examine the interplay of global and local forces in the contemporary marketplace. We ask to what degree Christmas in Japan represents Western cultural imperialism, global homogenization, and a Westernization of Japan, versus local cultural adaptation, hybridization, and appropriation.     

Globalization: Economic challenges and the political response

Recently, resistance to the—presumed and actual—consequences of globalization in both developed and developing countries has gained momentum. While the arguments raised against globalization often lack economic substance, it will probably only prevail if a broad majority of the population can be convinced that closer worldwide integration does serve their interests. This can hardly be achieved without a convincing strategy for compensating the potential losers of globalization, given that globalization tends to reduce the national states’ leeway for taxation and redistributive measures through social policies.     

Globalization and specialization

The popular Dixit–Stiglitz–Ethier framework proposes that globalization increases the menu of intermediate goods available to downstream firms and that gains from specialization raise welfare unambiguously. This study shows that both results depend critically on the assumption that demand elasticities are invariable. The more general framework presented here provides two main insights: First, whether specialization rises or falls depends ultimately on the shape of the cost function, and second, globalization can actually reduce welfare in the case when specialization falls.     

Cross-Functional Globalization Modules

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to present cross-functional international teaching modules. The modules presented in this paper are intended to assist higher education institutions in initiating and implementing the first level of internationalization of the business school curriculum. Although the focus is on achieving a level of global awareness, the paper also addresses how the first stage of globalization leads to advances in the second stage-understanding. Applicable means and methods to initiate the “internationalization” process for business schools in the internationalization process are provided. The paper also addresses the students' perceptions of this process, especially concerning global awareness. Implications, challenges, and recommendations are provided.     

全球化与市场营销

科技革命与消费者主权国际化推动了经济的全球化．经济全球化表现在制度与功能两方面．经济全球化条件下,市场营销将表现为整合营销、契约国际化、标准化、微营销、比较优势取向和消费者心理更趋理性等七大趋势,营销管理的内容、重点、手段、组织、经济学基础、目标、主体、战略、竞合关系和评价体系等十个方面将发生改变．     

经济全球化对我国环境污染影响的实证研究——基于行业面板数据

我国经济的高速发展和伴生的环境污染问题,是在我国经济加速融入全球经济的背景下发生的。本文在阐述经济全球化的含义和构建经济全球化指数的基础上,基于我国33个工业行业1997-2005年的面板数据,采用PCSE稳健估计,发现经济全球化显著降低了我国的环境污染水平,同时得出了我国规模效应、技术效应、结构效应以及要素禀赋等的结果。     

Globalization of Smaller Firms: Field Notes on Processes

Smaller firms have played a pivotal role in the present decade of globalization. Reduced barriers to international trade and investment coupled with the advances in information technology have accorded opportunities for smaller firms -- employing fewer than 500 persons -- to emerge as multinational. The focus of this exploratory paper is on the how of their globalization or internationalization. Information from field studies of seven firms -- three Dutch and four American -- obtained by means of personal interviews with senior managers constitutes the primary qualitative data. Considering the convenient choice of the firms and the subjective nature of the recall data the paper, without claiming to draw any inferences, offers three initial propositions, for further refinement, expansion and empirical testing.     

Globalization and wage inequality: Evidence from urban China

This paper examines the impact of globalization on wage inequality using Chinese Urban Household Survey data from 1988 to 2008. Exploring two trade liberalization shocks, Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour in 1992 and China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, we analyze whether regions more exposed to globalization experienced larger changes in wage inequality than less-exposed regions. Contrary to the predictions of the Heckscher–Ohlin model, we find that the WTO accession was significantly associated with rising wage inequality. We further show that both trade liberalizations contributed to within-region inequality by raising the returns to education (the returns to high school after 1992 and the returns to college after 2001).     

全球化进程中世界就业若干特征分析

随着经济全球化的深度推进,世界就业呈现出一系列规律性特征.主要表现在就业方式、就业结构以及劳资关系的变革上.正确认识全球化进程中劳动就业的规律性特征,对于制定正确的对外开放以及就业战略具有重要的意义.     

全球化进程中世界就业若干特征分析

随着经济全球化的深度推进,世界就业呈现出一系列规律性特征。主要表现在就业方式、就业结构以及劳资关系的变革上。正确认识全球化进程中劳动就业的规律性特征,对于制定正确的对外开放以及就业战略具有重要的意义。     

New Road to Globalization

Guangdong Province, with its total foreign trade exceeding US$ 600 billion in 2008, although retains its position as the China＇s biggest export province, its export was severely damaged during the global financial crisis.Now, Guangdong starts changing its dependence on single export-oriented economy by developing an more independent and comprehensive economy backed by both outward and inward economic forces.     

冷眼经济全球化

通过对经济全球化历史的简要回顾,指出经济全球化由发达国家主导,为发达国家资本收益最大化服务是其本质,本文将全球化分成两个市场,即以产品、服务贸易为主体的实体市场和以金融贸易为主体的虚拟市场,指出发达国家通过对国际货币基金组织、世界银行、世界贸易组织三大机构的操纵,从实体和虚拟两个市场掠夺世界资源。发展中国家要分享到经济全球化的一瓢羹,必须从加大 FDI比重、开发无形资源、保障金融安全、实施产业保护、实现充分就业等几方面做出努力。     

Globalization and domestic conflict

When a resource like oil is domestically contested, trade patters and welfare can be very different than when property rights are costlessly enforced. Whereas (small-country) importers of the contested resource gain unambiguously relative to autarky, exporters of the contested resource lose under free trade, unless the world price of the resource is sufficiently high. Regardless of what price obtains in world markets, countries tend to over-export the contested resource compared to the absence of conflict. For a wide range of prices, higher international prices of the contested resource reduce welfare, an instance of the “natural resource curse.”     

Globalization of Management Education

A new study, sponsored by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, presented a comprehensive new perspective on the globalization of management education, (AACSB International, 2011). Its findings are sobering: with regard to emerging global trends in higher education and cross-border business, the report reveals a sizable gap between what the world needs and what management educators generally do. Key areas for attention include the expansion of mechanisms for quality improvement and assurance globally, strengthening the use of international partnerships, more intentional internationalization within the curriculum, and connecting various global activities to one another through a comprehensive globalization strategy.