有违约风险贷款担保价值研究

在发达国家政府是贷款担保的主要担保人,对贷款担保定价研究的重要假设是担保人没有违约风险。在中国,绝大多数的贷款担保人有违约风险。本文研究了担保人有违约风险情况下提供担保和相互担保的财务特征和定价,对比分析了提供担保和相互担保行为对贷款担保人和银行价值的影响。研究表明,有违约风险担保的价值随着担保人公司价值和借款额的增大而增大,随着借款公司价值的增大而减少;银行的损失随着借款额的增大而增大,随着担保人公司价值和借款人公司价值的增大而减少。银行提供贷款时允许企业相互担保等于潜在为相互担保企业提供了免费的部分担保,随着借款人风险的增大,相互担保条件下的银行或有损失急剧增大,相互担保对于银行的价值有显著的负面影响。     

Should a lower-price service offer a full-satisfaction guarantee?

Although service guarantees have enjoyed wide popularity as marketing tools and brought impressive results for firms, it is still not clear whether different types of service guarantees have similar effects on consumers' pre-purchase evaluations of differently priced services. To answer this question, several hypotheses were formulated and then tested with a 2 × 3 between-subjects factorial design consisting of two price levels (low and high) and three types of service guarantees (none, attribute-specific, and full-satisfaction) in the context of hotel industry in Taiwan. The results indicated that it is beneficial for a higher-price service to employ a full-satisfaction guarantee, due to consumers' higher expected service quality and willingness to buy, and the lower perceived performance risk. In contrast, for lower-price services, an attribute-specific guarantee is recommended because of consumers' higher expected service quality and willingness to buy, and the lower perceived financial risk. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Deutschland haftet — aber warum umsonst?

State guarantees have been proven instruments of economic policy in Germany for decades. Since the beginning of the global financial crisis, the sum of contractual, statutory and implied guarantees reached nearly 6 trillion euros. For the German government, the outstanding guarantees become ever riskier as the huge amounts of liability for banks and instable euro-states grows. Therefore it is suggested to require risk-based guarantee fees wherever possible. With the exception of Greece, most of the indebted countries and financial institutions certainly would be able to pay risk-orientated guarantee fees to avoid being cut off from capital markets. A European debt agency which earns money by giving guarantees would enhance the acceptance of the euro stabilization policy in the donor countries.     

上市公司财务信用评价指标体系的研究

上市公司财务信用危机对证券市场造成了极为恶劣的负面影响,从经济学角度分析上市公司财务信用评价的供给与需求关系,成为财务信用评价指标体系的设计思想基础,为此设计具体评价指标及评价方法和评价等级,并通过实证分析进行检验证明其科学性。     

财务重述中关联股东网络的传染机制研究

从关联股东的角度研究财务重述在股东社会网络中传染的可能性。结果表明,曾经持有财务重述公司股份的股东,在持有下一家公司股份时,再次发生财务重述行为的概率会降低。但是,如果关联发生在重述公司重述前,关联公司重述的可能性则会显著增加,并且上述关系会受到关联股东地位的调节影响。本文从所有权网络的行为层面为财务重述研究提供了新的角度,也为应对上市公司财务重述提供了新的思路。     

中国商业银行跨业兼营寿险和证券风险收益模拟分析

本文使用模拟合并的方法分析了中国商业银行跨业兼营寿险和证券的潜在风险和收益,季度数据显示商业银行跨业兼营寿险和证券在一定寿险和证券资产比重下能增加银行的收益,并提高单位风险的报酬。研究结果同时表明,合适的寿险和证券业务资产比重对于达到最佳的跨业兼营效果是必不可少的。而从公共政策的角度来看,商业银行跨业兼营寿险和证券能显著降低其自身破产概率。     

Market Discipline and Deposit Guarantee: Evidence from Australian Banks

This study examines depositor market discipline of Australian banks and its interaction with the 2008 deposit and wholesale funding guarantee. Prior to 2008 market discipline is found for Australian‐incorporated banks. Depositors did not distinguish between major and small banks, but some differences in the degree of market discipline were found for foreign bank subsidiaries. Following the introduction of the 2008 guarantees, market discipline was reduced except for nonhousehold depositors at banks that did not access the wholesale guarantee. Market discipline is also evidenced at foreign bank branches, but weaker for those accessing the wholesale guarantee.     

The impact of public guarantees on credit to SMEs

This article provides an in-depth evaluation of the impact of public credit guarantees to SMEs in increasing credit availability and reducing borrowing costs, without compromising their financial sustainability. Extensive econometric tests have been carried out by comparing the performance of the SMEs that benefited from such guarantees in Italy with a sample of comparable firms. The findings confirm the presence of a causal relationship between the public guarantee and the higher debt leverage of guaranteed firms, as well as their lower debt cost. Italy’s guarantee instrument has proved to be an effective instrument in these respects.

中国企业跨国经营的“离岸化陷阱”

近年来国内企业兴起了一股离岸化发展的热潮,大批的企业特别是民营企业纷纷走出国门,在国际离岸金融中心设立离岸公司,并且利用海外注册的离岸公司对国内进行投资,在充分利用离岸金融中心的相关便利的同时也能享受国内的相关吸引外资的优惠政策。这种“走出去”模式虽然会使中国企业较快的融入世界经济,可是由于国内外相关政策法规的完善和国内外经济形势的变动,很有可能使这些企业陷入一种“离岸化陷阱”。     

我国中小企业担保机构市场定位研究

目前,我国中小企业担保机构面临着主体模式困境、风控模式趋于银行化以及盈利模式困境,造成这些困境的主要原因在于担保机构缺乏清晰的市场定位。通过构建担保服务对象-业务品种-反担保条件三维市场定位模型,本文对政策性担保机构、商业性担保机构和互助性担保机构进行明确的市场定位,即政策性担保机构应为符合国家或地区产业政策且缺乏足够抵押品的潜在优质企业提供贷款担保;商业性担保机构应为有市场、有前景、有效益的显在优质企业提供商业性担保;互助性担保机构应为社区会员型企业提供贷款担保。     

国库集中支付制度下的高校财务管理

国库集中支付制度的建立有利于强化高校的预算管理，进而防范高校的财务风险。但国库集中支付制度下高校财务管理工作中仍然存在一些问题，如资金使用自主权受到一定程度的限制，加大了高校财务管理和会计核算、资金运作和经费筹集以及预算编制的难度。为了保证我国国库集中支付制度的有效运行，高校应建立健全配套的财务管理制度；合理安排预算内外资金；科学编制部门预算；加强对财务会计人员业务技能培训。     

城市廉租房社区物业管理模式研究——以杭州为例

廉租房是国家为了解决城市贫困家庭保持基本生活质量而出台的一项优惠政策。根据廉租房特点和实施物业管理中存在的问题,城市廉租房社区物业管理模式是有效保障物业公司良性运转的一个关键因素,可通过"汗水入股"、"阶梯定价"和"爱心互助"等要素实现。     

Export Credit Guarantees and Export Performance: An Empirical Analysis for Germany

Recent literature finds that exporters are particularly vulnerable to financial market frictions. As a consequence, exports may be lower than their efficient levels. For this reason, many countries support exporters by underwriting export credit guarantees. The empirical evidence on the effects of those policies is, however, very limited. In this paper, we use sectoral data on export credit guarantees issued by the German government. We investigate whether those guarantees indeed do increase exports and whether they remedy the export‐restricting effect of credit market imperfections both on the sectoral and on the export‐market levels. Exploiting the sectoral structure of a rich three‐way panel data set of German exports, we control for unobserved heterogeneity on the country‐year, sector‐year and country‐sector dimensions. We document a robust export‐increasing effect of guarantees. There is some evidence that the effect is larger for export markets with poor financial institutions and in sectors that rely more on external finance.     

中国金融体系的脆弱性与道德风险

道德风险行为就是当签约一方不完全承担风险后果时所采取的自身效用最大化的自私行为.中国金融体系存在严重的脆弱性,根本原因也在于道德风险.政府不仅对银行提供了担保,也认为证券市场"太大而不能失败".证券市场危机往往是金融危机的先行指标,随之而来的银行危机和货币危机将决定金融危机的深度和广度.中国金融体系的道德风险已经深入到最基层的代理人,其代价将是非常惨重的.     

Is venture capital worth it? Effects on firm performance and founder returns

This paper extends research on venture capital (VC) finance by studying its effects on a venture's performance and on its founders' returns beyond an initial public offering (IPO). A “founder performance” construct, defined as a founder's financial and nonfinancial returns, is proposed and used to measure and compare returns to founders with returns to investors and firm performance. In general, venture characteristics pre-IPO and venture performance post-IPO were not significantly different when comparing ventures with and without VC backing. Only when VC backing is very high, do pre-IPO resources and funding improve significantly. However, higher levels of resource endowments did not seem to affect post-IPO performance for the venture or its investors. On the other hand, founders resorting to VC funding before taking their company public generated significantly less wealth for themselves and were less likely to remain as CEOs of their ventures after the IPO. Results suggest that founders motivated primarily by wealth creation and those motivated by remaining in control of their ventures should, in both instances, minimize VC backing when taking their ventures public. The finding that founder performance differs from venture and investor performance calls for future research to explore potential conflicts of interest that may arise from the double role of founders as principals and agents.     

自主创新产品的政府采购及其绩效管理

实行自主创新产品的政府优先采购,是促进我国企业自主创新发展的有效手段和重要方式。建立自主创新产品政府采购绩效评价制度,实施自主创新产品的政府采购绩效管理,可确保政府承担起推动企业自主创新、促进经济持续发展的公共责任。     

自主创新产品的政府采购及其绩效管理

实行自主创新产品的政府优先采购,是促进我国企业自主创新发展的有效手段和重要方式。建立自主创新产品政府采购绩效评价制度,实施自主创新产品的政府采购绩效管理,可确保政府承担起推动企业自主创新、促进经济持续发展的公共责任。     

Japan's Lost Decade and its Financial System

After briefly explaining the causes of the Japanese asset‐price bubble in the 1980s, this paper analyses why the bursting of the bubble developed into a full‐fledged financial crisis in the late 1990s. In order to cope with this crisis, the Government has injected capital directly into the banking sector and banks have written off enormous amounts of bad loans. However, the Japanese financial sector remains very weak and Japan still faces a number of problems in its financial system. Firstly, the profit margin of banks is too small to cover the increased default risk following the bursting of the bubble, and there are market distortions created by the government‐backed financial institutions and the requirements on new lending to small and medium sized companies. Secondly, banks still have excessive stock investment and crossholding of shares between banks and other companies has weakened the market discipline on entrenched management. Thirdly, the government guarantee of all banking‐sector liabilities should be removed. Once the financial system is stabilised, a risk‐adjusted deposit insurance premium should be introduced so as to strengthen market discipline on banks, and the huge postal saving system should be privatised to create a level‐playing field among deposit taking financial institutions. Besides the foregoing, the weak corporate governance structure of Japanese financial institutions has to be remodelled. The management of banks has shielded themselves by extensive cross‐shareholdings, especially with life insurance companies. There has been extensive mutual provision of capital, most large life insurance companies have weak corporate governance, and many of the large shareholders of banks are life insurance companies. This double gearing between banks and life insurance companies has therefore weakened the market control of Japanese financial institutions.     

Integrated information and the cost of capital

The growing requirements for corporate transparency have encouraged companies to report their performance to shareholders, investors and society in general from the economic, social and environmental points of view. However, many reports involve difficulties at the moment of analysing the information. To help minimize this problem, the integrated report has arisen. This document integrates all the financial, social and environmental information, jointly disclosing the key performance statistics.Previous research has revealed that disclosing financial information gives important economic advantages to companies. This work aims to extend the existing empirical evidence, analysing the effect that the disclosure of integrated information has on the cost of capital. Accordingly, we used a sample of 995 companies in 27 countries and 3294 observations. The period in which the sample was taken was from 2009 to 2013. The results, after applying the panel data methodology, confirmed that a negative relationship exists between the cost of capital and the disclosure of an integrated report. The reduction of the cost of capital as a result of the disclosure of an integrated report is especially relevant to those companies that need to increase their basic funding. They have considerable problems with asymmetric information or they operate in markets with limited protection for investors.     

转移支付与省际基本公共卫生服务绩效——基于“投入-产出-受益”三维框架的实证研究

本文以基本公共卫生服务为考察对象,在＂投入-产出-受益＂三维框架下构建了2003~2010年中国省际基本公共卫生服务绩效指标体系,在此基础上检验了中国转移支付制度对基本公共服务绩效的影响。研究发现中国转移支付制度对基本公共服务绩效有负向影响。调动地方政府提高基本公共服务绩效的积极性,需要建立基本公共服务绩效导向的财政转移支付制度及官员激励晋升制度,以防止地方政府单纯追求经济增长指标,挤占基本公共服务资金的财政风险。