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Michael Shannon 《Applied economics》2013,45(12):1567-1576
Estimates are made of the effect of minimum wages on the size and composition of the gender wage gap in Canada in 1986. It is found that minimum wages close the wage gap substantially for young workers and less so for adults. The reduction in the gap is most attributable to the adverse employment effects of minimum wages. The results also indicate that most of the reduction in the gap is realized through a fall in the discriminatory component. 相似文献
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Abstract: This article studies how changes in the statutory minimum wage have affected the wage distribution in Estonia, a post-transition country with little collective bargaining and relatively large wage inequality. The analyses show that the minimum wage has had substantial spillover effects on wages in the lower tail of the distribution; the effects are most pronounced up to the twentieth percentile and then decline markedly. The minimum wage has contributed to lower wage inequality and this has particularly benefitted low-wage segments of the labour market such as women and the elderly. Interestingly, the importance of the minimum wage for the wage distribution was smaller during the global financial crisis than before or after the crisis. 相似文献
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We analyse the effects of the regulation of wages in a standard one-sector OLG model of neoclassical growth extended to account
for endogenous fertility decisions of households and unemployment benefit policies financed at balanced budget. In contrast
with the prevailing literature, which has failed to pay due attention to inter-temporal contexts, our conclusion is that minimum
wages may be introduced not only for equity reasons, that is, to increase the income of low-paid workers, but under suitable
conditions—i.e., if production is sufficiently capital oriented and the unemployment benefits are high enough—minimum wage
legislation might be considered as a source of increased economic performance despite unemployment, i.e. a regulated-wage
economy performs better than a market-wage economy. As a consequence, since higher minimum wages raise per capita income together
with increasing unemployment, our results imply that a positive correlation between unemployment and long-run income per-capita
may exist. Further, the lifetime welfare of the representative generation may be increased as well. Finally, the wage rate
may also be treated as a policy instrument for the control of population growth.
相似文献
Luca Gori (Corresponding author)Email: |
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The paper is an empirical cross-section study of the retirement decisions of American white men between the ages of 58 and 67, predicated on the theoretical notion that an individual retires when his reservation wage exceeds his market wage. Reservation wages are derived from an explicit utility function in which the most critical taste parameter is assumed to vary both systematically and randomly across individuals. Market wages are derived from a standard wage equation adjusted to the special circumstances of older workers. The two equations are estimated jointly by maximum likelihood, which takes into account the potential selectivity bias inherent in the model (low-wage individuals tend to retire and cease reporting their market wage). The model is reasonably successful in predicting retirement decisions, and casts serious doubt on previous claims that the social security system induces many workers to retire earlier than they otherwise would. The normal effects of aging (on both market and reservation wages) and the incentives set up by private pension plans are estimated to be major causes of retirement. 相似文献
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Peter Skott 《The Canadian journal of economics》2006,39(1):94-123
Abstract. This paper shows that the existence and persistence of 'overeducation' can be explained by an extension of the efficiency wage model. When calibrated to fit the amounts of overeducation found in most empirical studies, the model implies that both the relative wage and the relative employment of high‐skill workers depend inversely on aggregate economic activity. Keeping aggregate employment constant, furthermore, low‐skill unemployment rises, following an increase in the relative supply of high‐skill labour, and relative wages may be insensitive to changes in relative labour supplies. The model may help to explain rising wage inequality in some countries since the early 1970s. JEL classification: J31 相似文献
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We show that wage behavior as well as the skilled–unskilled wage gap depend on elasticity of import demand. Although, our analysis is in the spirit of the Stolper–Samuelson theorem, factor intensity plays no role in our results. 相似文献
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In this paper we analyse the bargaining regime wage-effect in Portugal. The results indicate that the bargaining regime coverage is important in explaining the variability of wages. Wage differentials between bargaining regimes are substantial, a fact which may be related to a decentralised wage setting which prevails in Portugal. The highest wages are generated by multi-firm negotiations and the lowest are generated by sectoral contracts. Single-firm contracts align at an intermediate level in the ranking.Received: April 2001, Accepted: May 2002, JEL Classification:
J31Correspondence to: Pedro T. PereiraWe are very grateful to an anonymous referee. Financial support from program PRAXIS XXI under grant PRAXIS/2/2.1/CSH/781/95 and FEDER is acknowledged. The third author also acknowledges financial support from program PRAXIS XXI under grant BD/3486/94 and from the University of the Azores. 相似文献
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Agglomeration and fair wages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. This paper implements a fair wage constraint into an analytically tractable core-periphery agglomeration model. This enables us to study the role of imperfect labour markets for the pattern of agglomeration. In the short run, a marginal increase in fair wage preferences leads to an unambiguous compression of the national factor price differential between skilled and unskilled labour, involving an increase in the unemployment rate of unskilled workers. In the long run, this mechanism renders full dispersion of an unstable equilibrium already at higher trade costs than in perfect labour markets. There is a tendency for fair wage preferences to enforce agglomeration. 相似文献
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The authors examine the impact of international labor migration on wages in country of origin. Two types of emigration are distinguished: bundled emigration, which can result in a reduction of real wages; and pure labor emigration, which results in an increase in real wages. 相似文献
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Efficiency wages and income taxes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Professor Michael Hoel 《Journal of Economics》1990,51(1):89-99
The paper was written during a visit at the Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich in the summer of 1988. The hospitality of this institution, as well as the financial support from a Ruhrgas Scholarship under the West German Norwegian Scholarship Scheme, is gratefully acknowledged. Participants at various seminars have given useful comments and criticism. I am also grateful to two anonymous referees for their comments to an earlier version of the paper. 相似文献
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Patricia Peinado 《International Review of Applied Economics》2017,31(5):670-680
Empirical evidence has shown the existence of a negative relationship between the rates of unemployment and real wages. If pensions are computed according to the wages that workers have contributed, then the unemployment rates during working life may also influence the pensions to which they are entitled. Using data from 2005 to 2012 for the Spanish social security system, we estimate that the unemployment elasticity of real pension is ?0.135. A 1% increase in unemployment rate is associated with a reduction in pension equal to 0.135%. In ‘normal times’, this value could be considered modest, but the Great Recession has increased dramatically the rate of unemployment. In 2012, the rate of unemployment in Spain had increased to 25.7% and in 2015, it had diminished to 20.9%. It is estimated that unemployment rate will not be returned to figures existing before the crisis until middle of the next decade. Moreover, the current reforms in social security systems could interact with the future effects of the current rates of unemployment and cause future pensions to be significantly lower than those estimated by individuals. The economic welfare of the future cohorts of retirees would then be significantly worsened. 相似文献
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Lex Borghans 《Applied economics》2013,45(29):4607-4622
Computer technology is most prominently used by skilled, high-wage workers. This suggests that computer use requires skills to take full advantage of the possibilities, which are particularly present among relatively skilled workers. This article develops a simple technology adoption model showing that the decision to adopt computer technology depends on (i) the tasks to be performed, (ii) the level of skill or education and (iii) the level of wages. Applying this model to British data, it is shown that the effect of wages and particular tasks on computer adoption is larger than the effect of skills on adoption. The estimates suggest that in Britain computer use is likely to be a matter of cost efficiency and not so much of workers’ skills. 相似文献
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In this paper, we empirically examine whether the assumptions and predictions of the Hotelling model are consistent with patterns observed in data. We consider nonlinear functional forms for the extraction cost and resource demand to develop an empirical Hotelling model with technological progress and stock dependent extraction costs. Using panel data on fourteen nonrenewable natural resources to estimate this empirical Hotelling model, we get qualitatively different results as compared to the related literature. We find evidence of stock-dependent extraction costs for most resources. There is no evidence against the linearity of the optimal extraction rate in the resource stock for almost all resources studied. Furthermore, the Hotelling model may sustain a zero long-run growth rate in resource prices. These results depend on whether firms use different extractive technologies or whether the structural break observed on resource prices is taken into account. 相似文献
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Sarah BrownKarl Taylor 《Economic Modelling》2011,28(3):1317-1327
Using individual level panel data, we analyse the divergence between the reservation wages of individuals who are out of work and their predicted market wages, focusing upon identifying the factors that influence the potential divergence. In addition, using propensity score matching techniques, we explore the implications of such divergences for future employment and wages. Our findings suggest that having reservation wages that are high relative to the predicted market wage influence both future employment and future wages. 相似文献
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This article establishes stylized facts about the cyclicality of real consumer wages and real producer wages in Germany. As detrending methods, we apply the Beveridge–Nelson decomposition, the Hodrick–Prescott filter, the Baxter–King filter, and the structural time series model. The detrended data are analyzed both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. The great advantage of an analysis in the frequency domain is that it allows to assess the relative importance of particular frequencies for the behavior of real wages. We propose to use the phase angle as a suitable measure to get detailed information about the correlation and the lead–lag behavior of real wages relative to GDP at different frequencies. In the time domain, we find that both real wages display a procyclical pattern and lag behind the business cycle. In the frequency domain, the consumer real wage lags behind the business cycle and shows an anticyclical behavior for shorter time periods, whereas for longer time spans a procyclical behavior can be observed. For the producer real wage, however, the results in the frequency domain remain inconclusive. 相似文献
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This paper analyses the dynamic relationship between the degrees of indexation of wages and public bonds in Brazil. A simple model is constructed to show that both degrees of indexation are determined simultaneously. We apply cointegration techniques and estimate error-correction representations to assess the temporal causality between them. Our results provide empirical support for the existence of simultaneity in the degrees of indexation in Brazil in the period 1980–93. 相似文献
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This paper examines the cyclical patterns of markups, real wages, and labor share for Korean industries. Markup ratio is greater than 1 in most industries. Markups are countercyclical, and real wages and labor share are procyclical. Income distribution effect has more impact on determining markups than price and technology effect. 相似文献
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This paper puts together the non-distortionary liquidity effect of unemployment insurance and job match quality. We identify
a big impact on subsidized unemployment duration and a small impact on wages on the job that follows the unemployment spell.
Wage gains are heterogeneous and concentrated on individuals at the bottom of the pre-unemployment income distribution. The
non-distortionary nature of the liquidity effect reduces the pressure on low-income workers to accept lower productivity jobs.
相似文献
álvaro A. Novo (Corresponding author)Email: |