浅议构建中国公务员新型养老保险模式

养老保险是社会保险五大险种之一，也是社会保障制度申的重要组成部分。中固公务员养老金仍然延续计划经济时代的模式，日益演变成一个有别于社会其他行业的自我封闭的“国家保障”模式，随着国家经济和社会环境的变化，现行的公务员养老保险模式在许多方面已经产生了不适应性，因而有必要对其进行变革。根据现行的公务员养老保险模式存在的问题，本文认为应技从四个方面入手构建中国公务员新型养老保险模式。     

对中国养老保险现状的思考与建议

养老保险模式从资金筹集和支付的财务角度划分可以分为三种,即现收现付制、完全积累制、部分积累制。中国长期以来一直实行现收现付的社会养老保险模式,但随着经济改革的深入和老龄化危机的加重,中国选择了社会统筹与个人账户相结合的养老保险模式,当前中国的社会养老保险仍处于改革过程中,需要进一步完善。本文以对三种保险模式各自的特点比较为基础,简要分析了现行中国养老保险模式的不足之处,并对进一步完善养老保险制度提出了自己不成熟的建议。     

农村养老模式的国际比较及其借鉴

按照覆盖范围、保障水平以及养老保险基金的筹集、管理和发放方式,世界各国农村社会的养老保障主要分为社会保险型、社会福利型、个人储蓄型和社会救助型四种模式。这四种养老模式也各有其适用的范围和特点。农村养老模式及其代表国家的实践对中国的启示是:农村社会的养老保险制度必须和国情相适应、循序渐进地解决农民养老保障问题、注重法律规范、政府给予财政支持、建立多层次的农村养老保险体系等。     

中国养老保险制度研究

人口老龄化是21世纪一个重大的社会问题,也是新世纪人类发展的主要特征。纵观我国养老保险制度的发展历史,正视市场经济中养老保险的新需求,直面新旧养老保险制度的矛盾冲突及诸多现实问题,借鉴和研究国外先进养老保险制度的经验,构筑有中国特色的养老保险制度,以适应我国市场经济对养老保险的新要求,已是理论和实务界的当务之急。     

我国养老保险基金缺口问题及其对策研究

随着社会的发展和文明的进步，养老问题越来越成为人类社会生活中的焦点问题。我国的养老保险从计划经济环境发展到现在的市场经济模式，基本养老保险正处在一个明显的转型期间内，许多问题逐步涌现。本文将就我国养老保险基金是否存在缺口这一问题展开讨论。文章先对养老保险基金做了概念界定，然后根据数据分析得出了我国养老保险基金存在缺口的结论。最后针对导致我国养老保险基金出现缺口的原因，讨论得出解决缺口问题的对策。     

少数民族地区农村社会养老保险问题思考——以甘肃省甘南州为例

甘肃省少数民族地区在国家开发大西北的政策指导下,经济建设取得了前所未有的成绩,社会保障事业适应了社会经济体制变革的要求也有所发展,但是社会保障在其运行中出现了一些新情况和新问题。本文用城市养老保险理论探析甘肃省少数民族地区(以下简称民族地区)社会养老保险的模式和运作机理,首先介绍国内外社会养老保险模式,然后分析民族地区社会养老保险的体系问题,并提出相应的对策。     

完善我国农村社会养老保险制度的思考

中国是一个传统观念比较浓厚的国家,老有所齐问题一直是广大农民梦寐以求的愿望。旱在二十世纪九十年代,我国已经在农村开展社会养老保险,虽然其在构筑养老保障体系中发挥了积极作用,但是随着经济和社会的发展逐渐暴露出许多问题,越来越不适应形势的发展。因此,建立新型农村社会养老保险制度,实现城乡统筹,减轻人口老龄化高峰带来的养老压力显得尤为紧迫。2009年9月1日,国务院下发了关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见,目前,实现新旧制度转换,减少转换成本成为比较重要的问题。本文针对现阶段农村社会养老保险的问题．借鉴国内外的经验的基础上,本着解决农村社会养老保险问题,逐渐完善新型农村社会养老保险制度的目的,对农村社会养老保险提出了合理化建议。     

国际先进国家社会养老保险制度的思考

保险作为一种经济补偿制度,在社会经济发展和人民生活中起着极为重要的作用.近年来,随着社会养老保险改革的不断深入,养老保险问题越来越被人们所关注.本文分析了国外先进国家社会养老保险制度的现状和特点,对如何构建有中国特色的新型社会养老保险制度进行了思考.     

浅析中国模式

中国模式指中国在维持社会稳定的前提下主动创新、大胆实践从而实现经济的持续增长、社会的协调发展和国家和平崛起的一整套思路、经验和理论。中国模式是对社会主义传统发展模式反思的结果，也是对世界主流发展模式借鉴的结果，是一个包括经济、政治、文化、社会建设等在内的综合发展模式。中国模式是对人类社会发展道路的有益探索，也将随着中国社会经济的进一步发展而不断充实、完善。     

区域经济发展与我国农村社会基本养老保险制度的政策选择

区域经济发展与农村社会基本养老保险制度之间有着内在的联系,在我国普遍实施农村社会基本养老保险制度并不具备经济条件的前提下,如何立足于区域经济发展的水平和模式特点,寻找发展农村养老保险的动力机制、激励机制和资源支持,自然成为发展农村社会养老保险制度的重要政策选择和路径依赖.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。