对新疆外贸依存度的分析与思考

外贸依存度是用以反映一国(地区)贸易国际化程度的指标，传统的外贸依存度由于剔除GDP的进口，造成测算公式中分母的编小，从而高估了我国实际的外贸依存度。经济总量重新定义的外贸依存度公式对新疆历年的外贸依存度重新计算表明：新疆出口结构和层次均较低，外贸依存度低于全国平均水平，且第一产业外贸依存度明显偏高。     

我国粮食贸易特点及未来发展趋势

我国是粮食贸易大国,在世界粮食市场上占有重要地位,随着贸易规模的不断扩大,我国粮食进口在世界粮食进口贸易中所占比重大幅提高。我国粮食进口对国际市场相关粮食品种价格影响越来越大,也使国内市场和国     

我国实际贸易依存度的评估与国际比较

贸易依存度是衡量一国或地区经济开放度重要指标之一,对于现阶段我国外贸依存度水平的认识,国内学者有不同的看法。有的学者认为,我国的外贸依存度较高,如李翀。另一些学者则认为,考虑到价格和非价格因素,我国外贸依存度被高估了,实际外贸依存度适中,如陈家勤。但似乎都没有建立相应的计算实际贸易依存度的公式,本文在分析有代表性国家名义外贸依存度的基础上,分别引入了影响贸易依存度的汇率、经济规模、贸易形式等因素,建立相应的计算外贸依存度的模型,并以此为依据分析了中国的实际外贸依存度水平。     

我国外贸依存度简说

对外贸易在我国经济发展中发挥巨大拉动作用,对外贸易额占GDP比重即外贸依存度也快速提高.一国外贸依存度的高低取决于该国经济总量、进出口总量的大小,还与该国的GDP构成、贸易商品结构、战略资源安全、贸易地理方向等因素相关.文章就我国外贸依存度的现状,对其结构性特点进行分析并提出促进我国对外贸易发展的基本思路.     

中国贸易结构与产业结构关系的实证研究——基于1980～2008年的结构变动指标数据分析

本文基于中国1980～2008年贸易结构与产业结构的结构变动指标数据,运用协整与因果关系检验法,分析了外贸结构与产业结构的互动关系,得出进口结构变动是产业结构变动的Granger原因,产业结构是出口结构变动的Granger原因的单向因果关系。运用脉冲响应和方差分解进一步分析得出进口结构的冲击在即期对产业结构产生正向影响,而出口结构的冲击对产业结构的影响有一定的滞后性。方差分解的结果是产业结构的变化几乎来源于自身,进口结构变化对产业结构产生的影响比出口结构变化大。     

我国高外贸依存度的原因分析

我国一直是一个外贸依存度较高的国家,通过计量分析笔者找到了影响我国外贸依存度的系列原因。我国加工贸易的发展和GDP的高速增长极大的提高了我国的外贸依存度,并且汇率的变动对外贸依存度弹性较大;最后,第三产业的发展能够在一定程度上缓解我国高外贸依存度状态。     

我国高外贸依存度的原因分析

我国一直是一个外贸依存度较高的国家,通过计量分析笔者找到了影响我国外贸依存度的系列原因.我国加工贸易的发展和GDP的高速增长极大的提高了我国的外贸依存度,并且汇率的变动对外贸依存度弹性较大;最后,第三产业的发展能够在一定程度上缓解我国高外贸依存度状态.     

论中国粮食进出口体制与发展战略

论中国粮食进出口体制与发展战略□张碧琼李越一、中国粮食进出口现状分析从总体来看，中国是粮食净进口国。多年来粮食外贸的基本格局是：出口大米，进口小麦，以调剂余缺。由于受传统体制的制约，粮食进出口常常与国内粮食丰歉不挂钩，与国际粮食市场供求和价格不挂钩，...     

我国对外贸易依存度过高的风险及调整对策

2003年,我国对外贸易大幅度增长带来的结果之一是外贸依存度明显上升,达到60.8%,其中出口依存度31.3%,进口依存度29.5%,外贸依存度的提高引起了国内许多学者的重视和讨论。本文对外贸依存度的估算方法存在的问题进行了分析,同时对我国外贸存在的结构性问题进行探讨。外贸依存度过高会遇到一系列风险,本文认为要规避这些风险,最根本的是对我国外贸依存度进行结构性调整。     

我国外贸依存度及其研究现状述评

近年来持续攀高的外贸依存度引发了国内学术界在高低、测度、纵横向比较、利益影响等方面的广泛关注和激烈争论。综述这些研究,一方面高位运行的外贸依存度说明中国商品的比较优势得到了较好的显性化,另一方面不断被提及的、引致依存度高企的因素制约着我国贸易竞争力增强及贸易的可持续发展,应给予充分重视。     

外商直接投资对浙江省外贸结构的优化效应研究

本文通过分析商品进出口中的初级产品与工业制成品比重、一般贸易和加工贸易比重、产业内贸易指数、市场集中度指数和外贸企业主体结构的变化,来揭示外商直接投资与浙江省的外贸商品结构、外贸方式结构、外贸模式结构、外贸市场结构和外贸主体结构这5类外贸结构变化的关系,并以外贸商品结构为例,利用截面时间序列模型实证分析了外商直接投资对浙江省外贸结构的优化效应。研究表明：外商直接投资促进了浙江省外贸商品结构的优化,但对各产业的外贸结构优化效应存在显著差异,其中外商直接投资对机电产业的优化效应最为明显,其次是高新技术产业、服装产业和纺织产业,对第一产业的优化效应最小。     

汇率冲击与劳动力市场调整——中国行业数据的经验研究

文章主要分析在汇率冲击下,中国可贸易行业1998—2009年劳动力市场的调整过程。文章利用实际有效汇率指标和动态面板估计方法分析影响劳动力市场调整的不同渠道。结果表明,汇率贬值通过出口渠道增加就业和降低工资,通过进口渠道降低就业和提高工资,通过效率渠道促进就业和降低工资。高贸易依存度行业的就业汇率弹性大于低贸易依存度行业,低加成比例行业的就业汇率弹性大于高加成比例行业,劳动力技术结构是影响就业汇率弹性的重要因素。     

有关外贸企业信用风险及其管理的研究

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,外贸企业之间的竞争日益激烈。很多外贸企业为了占据国外市场,会推出优惠的信用条件,以此作为增加客户的手段,但其信用风险也会随之增加。分析了导致外贸企业信用风险增加的原因,并提出对应管理措施。只有不断降低信用风险,以此提高外贸企业的竞争力,才能使企业不断扩大经营规模,促进企业的不断发展。     

发展国际贸易融资的问题和对策

中国入世后,国际贸易环境因此得以改善,中国的优势产品出口空间得以扩展,与此相俘相生的是进出口企业对中长期贸易融资的需求更加强烈,然而,现实的贸易融资无论从形式上、业务量上还是法律的健全上都无法和市场的要求相匹配,中资银行留下的市场空白外资银行来补,中资银行已有的市场份额外资银行来抢,现实迫使我们集中人才优势,培育黄金客户,完善法律法规,在控制好国际贸易融资风险的前提下．使之向多样化的方向发展．最终和外资银行分庭抗礼。     

Welfare‐reducing Domestic Cost Reduction*

We show that cost reduction by a domestic firm may reduce domestic welfare if it changes a foreign firm’s production strategy from foreign direct investment to export. Domestic cost reduction can be welfare reducing when the domestic market is sufficiently small and domestic firm’s marginal cost of production is higher than the foreign firm’s marginal cost of production under foreign direct investment, which is a usual feature of trade between developed and developing countries. So, developing countries with small domestic markets need competent competition policies when encouraging domestic innovation and also trying to attract foreign direct investment.     

The impact of China’s WTO accession on trade and economic relations across the Taiwan Strait

This paper evaluates the impact of China’s World Trade Organisation (WTO) accession on trade and economic relations across the Taiwan Strait and its implications for the rest of the world by a recursive dynamic, 17‐region, 25‐sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model according to actual market access commitments that China and Taiwan have made to date. The simulation results show that both China and Taiwan will substantially benefit from their WTO memberships, and their economic interdependence and their dependence within the rest of the world will further deepen. The rest of the world may also benefit because of the expansion of world trade and improvement of their international terms of trade, but some developing countries with an endowment structure similar to China, like those in South America and Southeast Asia, may experience keener competition in labour‐intensive exports and lower prices for their products. JEL classification: F1, F02, C68, P52.     

Stock market interdependence between Australia and its trading partners: does trade intensity matter?

We investigate the extent and manner of stock market interdependence between Australia and its trading partners and examine whether this is affected by trade intensity. Based on trade intensity, we classify Australia’s trading partners into major, medium and minor partners. We hypothesize that markets with greater (lower) trade intensity will be more (less) interdependent with Australia. We perform correlation (unconditional and conditional) analyses between Australia and its trading partners. Our results indicate that most of the markets that are highly correlated with Australia are its major trading partners. We conduct panel regression analysis to investigate whether trade intensity has any impact on the stock market correlations between Australia and its trading partners. The results show that trade intensity significantly and positively affect the correlations of Australia with its major trading partners. Thus, the results confirm our hypothesis that trade intensity drives stock market interdependence between Australia and its trading partners.     

The dynamic impact of bilateral trade linkages on stock market correlations of Australia and China

This article aims to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship between bilateral trade linkages and stock market correlations of Australia and China using quarterly data from 1993 to 2015. Further, this study explores the impact of trade intensity on stock market correlations using OLS, Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) models. The empirical results confirm that there is a significant long-run relationship among the variables. In addition, our results, based on OLS, DOLS and FMOLS, show that increasing trade intensity between Australia and China has a significant and positive impact on their stock market correlations. The Global Financial Crisis also contributed for their stock market interdependence. Our results therefore suggest that the bilateral trade relations between Australia and China have brought their stock markets together over time. The findings of this study offer significant policy and practical implications. The policymakers need to be aware of the economic changes in those countries as they will immediately reflect on their stock market performance and relationship. Similarly, the global investors need to be aware of the fact that the diversification opportunities between Australia and China have considerably declined over time as their markets became more interdependent in the recent past.     

Does Increased International Influence Cause Higher Stock Market Volatility?

Increased international financial integration is likely to cause greater market interdependence. This may either reduce volatility or increase it, by adding a new source of noise. Based on Swedish data, the findings in this paper are that foreign influence on the stock market shows a clear, positive trend, while purely domestic factors have not become more volatile. The trendwise increase in volatility on the Swedish stock market can thus be attributed to increased foreign influence.
JEL Classification : E 44; F 3; G 1     

Antitrust Enforcement and Nonenforcement as a Barrier to Imports – with Illustrations from the Japanese Film Dispute

The role of antitrust in opening foreign markets to imports is a strong yet often unpredictable undercurrent in international trade disputes. The U.S. government may seek to protect its exporters who are denied access to a foreign market either by enforcing U.S. antitrust laws or by using trade law remedies against the importing country for not enforcing its antitrust laws. Both actions raise issues of extraterritorial jurisdiction and comity.The primary goals of antitrust law and trade law are sometimes complementary but often diverge. Antitrust is primarily intended to benefit consumer welfare, while the purpose of trade law is to gain access to foreign markets for the benefit of domestic enterprises and their workforces. Consequently foreign market access pursued under antitrust law can raise novel issues when there is no apparent injury to domestic consumer welfare suffers from too little competition, whereas trade law pursue market access strictly as principles of fairness that have no necessary relationship with consumer welfare anywhere.This paper examines two aspects of antitrust law – (1) non-enforcement by the importing country, and (2) enforcement of U.S. law to compel access to the foreign market – and discusses the current dispute between Eastman Kodak Co. and Fujji Photo Film Co. as an illustration of the issues introduced above.