俄罗斯在2～3年内将建立石油与天然气交易所

俄罗斯联邦能源部副部长阿纳托利·亚诺夫斯基2004年3月9日称,俄罗斯将在近期内建立石油与天然气交易所,2-3年后它们将开始交易。 据他说,能源部、航空工业部与经济发展部的专家正在研究组建石油交易所的问题,尤其是石油产品交易所。俄罗斯天然气工业公司打算在天然气市场发展构想出台之后建立类似的交易所。     

纽约!纽约!

现在，纽交所就要迎来她的主人，而这一新主人来资本主义的发源地——欧洲，准确的说是荷兰人发明了现代资本主义制度。而德意志交易所（DeutscheBoerse）与纽约泛欧交易所（NYSEEuronext）合并后将在荷兰注册，具体地点几乎可以肯定是在阿姆斯特丹。     

国内

上海碳排放交易开市 控制企业污染源 2013年11月26日．上海市碳排放交易在上海环境能源交易所开市。将来．政府会通过分配年度碳排放额度，将节能减排压力传导到企业．通过倒逼机制控制企业污染源．不仅有利于促进企业选择低成本减排路径，进行产业升级、清洁发展．还有利于推动“碳服务”关联产业和碳市场发展。     

美国纽交所群岛交易所

美国纽交所群岛交易所（NYSE Archipelago Exchange,简称NYSE Arca）于2001年12月经美国证监会（SEC）批;隹设立。目前在纽交所群岛交易所上市的股票有206支,可以交易8000多种证券,包括NYSE、NASDAQ、AMEX、ETF和其他交易所挂牌上市的股票。     

构建我国碳金融发展体系的探讨

一、发达国家发展碳金融的国际经验 1．碳交易平台为碳金融发展创造稳定的制度环境。目前全球有四个交易所专门从事碳金融交易．包括欧盟排放权交易体系（EUETS）、英国排放权交易体系（ETG）、芝加哥气候交易所（CCX）和澳洲国家信托（NSW）。荷兰银行（ABNAMRO）、巴莱克资本（BarclaysCapital）、高盛（GoldmanSachs）、摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）等很多知名金融机构均活跃在这些市场上。     

西南联合产权交易所

根据《四川省人民政府关于组建西南联合产权交易所有限责任公司的通知》（川府函【2009]287号），为促进四川省产权交易市场的发展，尽快形成统一、集中、规模化的产权交易市场，有效发挥融资功能和资源配置功能，服务四川省“加快建设灾后美好新家园、加快建设西部经济发展高地”的战略决策，在整合四川省国投产权交易中心和成都联合产权交易所的基础上，四川省、成都市、西藏自治区三地国有资本运营机构共同出资成立西南联合产权交易所有限责任公司（简称“西南联合产权交易所”）。     

国债价格引导机制实证研究——交易所国债市场何去何从

我国国债市场的人为分离导致了一系列的问题,交易所市场也呈现出越来越边缘化的趋势。通过对跨市场国债的实证研究,得出了以下结论：交易所市场和银行间市场国债的收益率之间没有显著差异;交易所市场与银行间市场的国债价格变化存在显著的相关性;交易所市场比银行间市场的国债对信息的反应更为敏感;交易所和银行间市场国债的价格变化相互引导,但交易所占主导地位。最后给出了针对交易所国债市场的相关政策建议。     

全球交易所交易基金市场的发展与创新

本文在探讨交易所交易基金的发展背景、内涵及其产品运作特点的基础上 ,从发展和创新的角度考察了全球交易所交易基金的市场现状 ,并从产品、管理理念和交易制度三个方面分析了国外交易所交易基金市场创新的最新动态及其对我国的启示。     

美国股票市场的电子交易网络(上)

随着信息网络技术的进步，上世纪90年代美国股票交易市场的另类交易系统（Alternative Trading System，ATS）迅速发展起来，尤其是其中的电子交易网络（Electronic Communication Networks，ECNs）更是异军突起，在美国股票交易中的作用越来越重要。到2002年ECNs的交易量已经占到了纳斯达克股票市场交易量的四成左右，占纽约交易所总交易量的5％以上，成为没有交易所名称的交易所，有专家预言，ECNs代表着交易所的未来，15～20年内它有可能取代现有的证券交易所而成为新的交易方式。     

大商所的期货梦：大商所的前世今生

20岁,一个充满活力的年龄。20年,一段曲折的岁月。20年前的11月18日,中国北方唯——家由国务院批准设立的金融交易所——大连商品交易所正式开业。20年来,大商所从一家身处东北大连的农产品期货交易所起步,成功实现由农产品交易所向综合性交易所、由区域性市场向全国性乃至国际性市场的＂两个转变＂,成为在亚洲和世界上有影响力的期货交易所。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.