论日本的区域经济政策及其特色

战后，日本为适应经济社会发展的要求，实施了一系列区域经济政策，主要包括地区振兴与开发政策、区域产业布局政策、缩小地区差距政策及促进落后地区发展政策。日本在实施区域经济政策中，中央和地方政府高度重视，进行统一规划协调指导，给予财政金融支持，加强基础设施推动和法律法规保障，形成了具有鲜明特色的日本区域经济政策．     

Conflict heterogeneity in Africa

The economic development literature widely concurs that conflicts have adverse economic consequences that contribute to poverty, disinvestment and lower human capital leading to widespread inequality and lower economic growth. As such, understanding the nature of conflict has been an important focus for political leaders, policymakers and researchers alike. However, the existing literature does not typically distinguish between the effects of conflict determinants on conflicts by type of actor or aggressor (i.e. state, group and civilian-based). Using panel data analysis for 46 African countries from 1997 to 2017, and a comprehensive geo-referenced Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) conflict dataset, we find evidence of variation in the determinants' effects on conflicts by actor types. For the full sample of countries, we find that military expenditure decreases civilian-based conflicts; globalisation increases both state- and civilian-based conflicts while state fragility increases group-based conflicts. On the other hand, income per capita increases all three types of conflicts. At regional level, we find variation in the effects of military expenditure and globalisation on state- and civilian-based conflicts. However, we find little variation in the effects of the determinants on group-based conflicts across the regions. The findings highlight the nuances in conflicts by actor types and their causes which need to be accounted for when formulating conflict resolution policies.     

中国区域收入差距分析及政策建议

区域间经济发展差距、收入差距正在加速扩大的非均衡格局,已经对我国整个经济发展构成了严重的威胁。如何缩小差距,保持区域经济的同步协调发展是迫在眉睫的任务。对三大地带、六大区和各省市进行实证分析和比较,提出缩小区域收入差距的思路和政策建议。希望能有助于国家区域发展战略的制定,有助于缓解经济快速发展中的社会矛盾。     

跨越“中等收入陷阱”:东亚的经验及启示

中等收入阶段是一个独特的发展阶段,所有在跨越低收入陷阱管用的政策和发展战略,到了中等收入阶段基本上都不再管用,如果重复使用就会陷入"中等收入陷阱"。日本和亚洲四小龙,在20世纪70年代和80年代也不同程度地依赖以出口为导向的低成本优势战略,但是在进入中等收入序列后这些国家和地区放弃了这一战略,依靠科技进步与人力资源开发,转变经济增长方式,实现产业结构的转型和城乡与地区的均衡发展,促进中等收入阶层的形成以及经济增长动力结构的转变,实现了社会结构和政治民主化转型,保证了经济社会的持续发展,成功地避开了"中等收入陷阱"。     

Changes in services trade barriers in banking and their impact: the case of the ASEAN+3

Although there has been extensive research on the ASEAN+3 countries, which reveals a synchronisation of economic policies, including exchange rate management policies, research on the regional pattern of trade policies in the banking sector is limited. We evaluate the trade barriers in banking and their evolution, using data from three sequential surveys conducted by the World Bank and surveys by other international organisations. We find that the country dispersions in trade‐restricting policies are stable over time. Moreover, we find no evidence of moves in the direction of liberalisation in the sector. The economic modelling undertaken provides an indication of the real income gains and the cost increases of the policies adopted.     

Asia's contribution to global rebalancing

Developing Asia remains at the core of global payment imbalances. While the geographical concentration of current account imbalances is significant—with the People's Republic of China accounting for the lion's share of the region's current account surplus—how Asia contributes to global rebalancing also depends critically on the newly industrialising economies and larger Association of Southeast Asian Nations economies. Given the region's huge diversity, the necessary national macroeconomic and structural policies will vary significantly across Asia's emerging economies. Whereas near‐term rebalancing efforts will be driven primarily by macroeconomic and exchange rate policies, structural reforms are essential for boosting domestic and regional demand as sources of economic growth over medium to long‐term. We argue that regional rebalancing will depend critically on the adoption of deeper and more comprehensive structural reforms and further trade liberalisation to unlock the potential of strong domestic and regional spending—thus reducing Asia's high dependence on extra‐regional demand. Priority policies should include infrastructure spending, competition, trade, financial development, investment, immigration, and other social policies to reduce national savings.     

转型期的政治激励、财政分权与地方官员经济行为

本文在一个框架内考虑了政治激励与财政分权,考察了转型期我国地方官员的经济行为.中央强调经济增长与财政收入增加的考核导向,使得地方财政支出过度偏向基础设施建设而公共品支出不足,同时抑制了其中的官员私人消费支出.在资本不可流动但多期情形下,地方官员通过降低税率和加大基础设施投资来积累资本.在资本可流动情形下,地方官员为了吸引资本.有额外的激励降低征税力度和加大基础设施建设投入.在资本可流动情形下,地区初始发展水平差距意味着地区吸引资本能力的差异,这可能导致地区发展差距比资本不可流动情形下更大.由于资本有更好的流动性,地方倾向干将财政压力施加到劳动所得上,从而导致初次收入分配中劳动所得份额偏低.     

Public Policy Environment and Entrepreneurial Activities: Evidence from China

What determines the effectiveness of government entrepreneurship policies on the regional development of entrepreneurial activities in China? Using panel data analysis, this study develops a comprehensive framework that examines the effects of various factors, including government efficiency and government support for business, finance and technology, on facilitating the creation of new ventures. Based on provincial data collected between 2009 and 2014, we find that the level of infrastructure development, government incubators and venture capital‐guided funds have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial activities. The findings of our study suggest that local government efficiency is a fundamental precondition for entrepreneurship policies to effectively boost the regional economy.     

关中—天水经济区旅游一体化发展研究

随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化的发展,区域旅游合作已成为各地旅游业参与市场竞争、实现联动发展的重要途径。关中—天水经济区在旅游资源、经济基础、交通设施、产业政策等基础条件方面具备比较优势,为区域内旅游一体化发展提供了必要条件和可能性。关天经济区旅游一体化发展应从加快旅游资源整合,共同打造精品线路,构建无障碍旅游区,建立共享信息市场,实现区域旅游整体促销,鼓励区内各地市民互访等方面展开。     

基于灰色关联分析的创新型人才流动宏观影响因素研究

创新型人才是推动地区创新发展的核心动力。基于2011—2021年中国内地31个省份（因数据缺失,未包括港澳台地区）面板数据,通过构建灰色关联分析模型考察宏观环境因素对创新型人才流动的影响。结果表明,良好的经济发展水平和收入水平能显著促进省际间创新型人才流动;在分样本情境下,宏观环境因素对创新型人才流动的影响具有空间异质性。中西部地区创新型人才流动受经济发展水平的影响较大,东部地区创新型人才流动受收入水平影响较大;相较于东部地区,中部地区和西部地区的第三产业产值比重对创新型人才流动有较明显的影响;R&D经费投入在促进中部地区创新型人才流动中扮演着更为重要的角色;第二产业产值比重和教育环境对创新型人才流动影响力度偏弱。据此,提出进一步贯彻西部大开发和中部崛起战略、提高创新型人才收入水平、加快产业结构调整和优化、继续发挥R&D经费对科技人才流动的促进作用、创造良好教育环境等建议,为城市和区域人才政策和区域发展政策的制定提供借鉴与参考。     

交通基础设施建设与中国地区居民收入差异——基于省级面板数据的分析

文章通过理论分析认为地区交通基础设施建设对于居民人均收入差异的作用方向并不是显而易见的.为了合理判断交通基础设施建设对于我国地区居民人均收入差异的综合影响效应,文章针对1980-2010年的分省面板数据并采用系统GMM估计方法进行了回归.结果显示,对于各省区城镇居民人均收入与全部居民人均收入而言,地区交通基础设施建设水平的提高可以显著降低其地区差异.然而,对于农村居民人均收入而言,地区交通基础设施建设水平只有在达到一定门槛值之后才可能会降低其地区差异.对于这种在农村居民收入差异中出现的非线性效应,文章从我国经济分权与政治集权体制视角给出了阐释.     

Integrating tourism to rural development and planning in the developing world

In the past few decades, rural areas have experienced major socioeconomic changes. Due to modernisation and deepening globalisation, the economic and employment potential of many traditional livelihoods has decreased. Currently tourism is increasingly seen as a relevant tool for addressing rural problems in developing countries and tourism is actively used for economic diversification and opening up new ways to generate income and employment. However, many development models, such as integrated rural tourism (IRT) with emphasis on co-planning, learning and participation, originate from the Global North. This calls for careful considerations when such models are applied to the Global South's rural contexts. This research note discusses some of the key challenges of rural tourism development, especially related to the integration of the tourism industry and rural communities in developing countries, and overviews the applicability and conditions of the IRT framework as a potential approach for rural tourism development in the developing world.     

Understanding China's Economic Growth from a Regional Policy Perspective

There has been ongoing interest in China's economic growth. What were the drivers of China's economic growth in past years? What policies were used to promote China's economic growth? Although different lenses may be used to understand and explain China's economic growth, this paper draws on historical, theoretical, and empirical perspectives to discuss the nexus between China's regional policies and economic growth. First, we review the evolution of China's regional policy and the policy's changing emphasis in different development stages, from balanced, unbalanced, and coordinated development to synergistic development. Then we construct a theoretical model to illustrate the impact of regional policy on the local economy and conduct an empirical examination with a case study of regional policy using regression discontinuity design. This paper analyzes the concept of regional policy and the underpinning logic of economic growth and presents practical approaches to formulate a better regional policy framework.     

西部12省(区、市)经济发展战略定位比较及其评估

比较西部12省(区、市)的总体发展战略、经济发展战略、经济发展具体操作性方略的共性和差异性,可以发现:西部省(区、市)经济发展战略须与中央经济发展战略保持一致、契合当地总体发展战略的方向和思路、因应内外发展环境、符合当地发展实际。经济发展战略的基本框架涵盖"三化"政策、产业发展政策、区域协调发展政策、经济体制改革和对外开放政策、科技创新和人才队伍建设政策、基础配套政策、生态环保政策和特殊政策。在制定西部经济发展战略时,要用好用活用足中央给予的优惠政策;吸收其他省(区、市)经济发展战略和具体举措;促进省际联动;着力弥补经济发展中的"短板";成立多方组成的智库,使经济发展战略的制定更趋科学化;加强宣传,注重舆论引导;重视人才队伍建设;搞好配套建设。     

The role of infrastructure in China’s regional economic growth

This study investigates the relationship between infrastructure capital and China's regional economic growth for the period 1990–2013. Four types of infrastructure are considered: electricity generating capacity, roadway, railway, and telecommunications. Using a vector error correction model, we find mixed support across time period and region for the contribution of infrastructure investment to economic development. With regard to road construction in lagging regions in particular, the impact appears to have become negative under a program of ramped up efforts. The results resonate with the theoretical literature on the inverse U-shaped relationship between infrastructure investment and growth which posits a “crowding-out effect” of private capital when infrastructure investment becomes too dominant.     

交通基础设施结构对城乡收入差距的空间溢出效应研究

为探究交通基础设施作为一项公共品对缩小城乡收入差距的贡献程度,以二元经济发展理论,新古典经济学理论为基础,运用空间自相关,空间误差模型,在我国2005—2017年30个省级行政区（除西藏）的面板数据基础上,引入交通基础设施密度作为核心解释变量,从空间的视角探讨,交通基础设施对于改善城乡收入差距的贡献程度。实证结果显示：公路交通基础设施的建设有助于缩小城乡收入差距,其中,一级公路,三级公路对于收入差距存在正向溢出,二级公路存在负向溢出,高速公路影响并不明显;铁路基础设施则与之相反。结果表明：优化交通基础设施的投建结构对于缩小城乡收入差距存在重要的现实意义,随着资本边际收益不断递减以及人口红利优势的逐渐消失,合理分配交通基础设施投资支出对于推动经济增长向效率方向转型变得日益迫切。     

The Role of Public Infrastructure in China's Regional Inequality and Growth: A Simultaneous Equations Approach

Using a simultaneous equations approach, this paper empirically investigates the impact of two types of public infrastructure, transportation infrastructure and knowledge infrastructure, on industrial geography, regional income disparities, and growth across 286 cities in China. It is found that an improvement in transportation infrastructure that reduces trade costs on goods increases growth and decreases income gap at the expense of increasing industrial agglomeration between cities. Therefore, this paper confirms the existence of a trade‐off between spatial equity (more even spatial distribution of economic activities) and spatial efficiency (higher growth rate). However, for knowledge infrastructure that reduces trade costs on ideas, it is found that it increases growth but also decreases income gap and industrial agglomeration simultaneously. Moreover, the impact of knowledge infrastructure is found to be larger in the case of high labor mobility.     

中国内地与香港贸易流量的关键影响因素——基于16个省份面板数据的实证分析

2004年以来,中国内地与香港的贸易流量主要受GDP和人均GDP的影响,《泛珠三角区域合作框架协议》对双边贸易的影响并不显著,内地与香港的产业内贸易特征明显.未来,内地应该加快发展区域经济,努力增加居民收入,不断完善基础设施,加快建设统一市场,深化产业内专业化分工,优化区域治理结构,从而提升内地与香港的经贸关系.     

Global Foreign Direct Investment Flows: The Role of Governance Infrastructure

It is widely argued that a country’s economic performance over time is determined to a great extent by its political, institutional and legal environment. We refer to these institutions and policies as the governance infrastructure of a country. We utilize newly developed indices to examine the effects of governance infrastructure on both foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and outflows for a broad sample of developed and developing countries over 1995–97. In addition, we examine the role of other forms of infrastructure including human capital and the environment. The results clearly indicate that governance infrastructure is an important determinant of both FDI inflows and outflows. Investments in governance infrastructure not only attract capital, but also create the conditions under which domestic multinational corporations emerge and invest abroad. It would appear that investments in governance infrastructure are subject to diminishing returns, so that the benefits, in terms of inflows, are most pronounced for smaller and developing economies.     

关于上海合作组织框架下区域经济合作问题探讨

上海合作组织是当今世界重要的区域性国际组织之一,在世界舞台发挥着重要作用,特别是随着成员国之间经济的互补与依赖程度的不断加深,在其框架下的区域经济合作发展迅速。因此,本文将从上海合作组织框架中区域经贸合作的关系入手,探讨和挖掘其区域合作的价值取向与美好前景。