农村区域经济协调发展与社会主义新农村建设

自上世纪80年代以来,我国区域经济理论得到了快速发展,在指导我国经济发展实践中起到了重要作用.由于受各种因素影响,目前尚没有依据我国国情,结合我国实际构建有中国特色的农村区域经济协调发展理论.在实践中表现为农村区域经济的不协调发展.因此,利用区域经济协调发展理论中已有研究成果,结合我国农村经济发展实际,加快有中国特色的农村区域经济协调发展理论研究,能更好更快地推进社会主义新农村建设,促进全面建设小康社会目标的实现.     

农村集体建设用地空间研究进展与展望

我国农村集体建设用地空间布局混乱,而现有关于农村集体建设用地空间研究方面存在理论与方法缺陷。文章对农村集体建设用地空间格局及机制、农村集体建设用地的空间优化、城乡建设用地统一空间研究领域相关研究进展进行综述,结论为现有研究存在理论体系尚未建立、研究内容不健全、研究方法以定性描述和空间描述为主等问题。建议未来该领域研究应跳出传统土地管理相关理论,多学科交叉,探索地理学、经济学在农村集体建设用地空间研究方面的理论框架;基于空间格局—演变机制—优化配置的思路,构建农村集体建设用地空间格局演变动力模型、农村集体建设用地空间与人口/产业的相互影响模型、城乡建设用地统一空间模型,从农村集体建设用地空间格局及其演变机制、农村集体建设用地空间与人口/产业的协调机制、城乡联系机制下的农村集体建设用地空间优化3方面来开展农村集体建设用地空间研究。     

中国农村区域经济差距及其收敛性研究

本文以新古典经济学的收敛理论为基础,分析了1992—2005年我国农村区域经济差距状况及其收敛模式。研究发现,20世纪90年代以来,我国农村区域经济差距基本上呈现扩大的趋势。同时新古典经济学的收敛理论表明我国农村省际之间经济差距并不存在"绝对收敛",但存在"条件收敛"。     

成就卓著的农业经济学家王叔云教授

著名农业经济学家、西南财经大学教授、博士生导师、四川省人大副主任、全国政协常委王叔云,长期致力于农业经济研究和教学工作。党的十一届三中全会以来,在短短的几年时间,他先后出版了《中国农村经济问题浅论》、《农村改革与发展》两本专著,并主编了《农业宏观经济管理的理论与实践》、《我国城乡、工农关系发展趋势研究》两本著作,主持完成了国家社科基金、国家教委、省级多个课题,写出了几十篇论文和调研报告,并担任《中国农业百科全书》中《农业经济卷》编委,为繁荣农业经济学做出了卓越的贡献。他对农业经济学的贡献是多方面     

农村劳务产业发展的经济学分析

当前,我国正处于统筹城乡区域经济发展、加快建设社会主义新农村的关键时期,而发展农村劳务产业是将大量的文化素质低、就业技能差的农村富余劳动办高效转移的重要选择.基于群众的思想认识、农村劳动力的文化和技能素质、国家有关政策和产业结构等是制约农村劳务产业发展的主要因素,本文运用经济学的相关理论从政府、企业、农民方面分析了发展农村劳务产业的必要性,提出了将农村劳务产业发展列入国民经济和社会发展规划、完善城乡统一劳动力市场、加快农村人力资源开发体系建设、构建合理的产业结构等方面以加快发展农村劳务产业的政策建议.     

发展县域经济 深化农村改革：全国县域经济改革与发展研讨会综述

深化农村改革,抓哪些关键问题,突破口在哪里,这是农经理论界和农村实际工作者十分关注的一个理论和实践问题。我国一些县域经济改革与发展搞得好的典型县的经验为我们提供了有益的启示。为了深化农村改革,交流县域经济改革与发展的经验,研讨有关县域经济改革与发展的重大理论问题和实践问题,促进全国县域经济更好地发展,在中国农业经济学     

四川农经学人

傅泽平教授傅泽平,经济学博士,中共四川省委党校经济学教授、硕士生导师。傅泽平博士主要研究区域布局理论和产业经济学理论,注重研究农村改革与发展问题。经常深入具有特殊性的区域进行调研,把教学和科研紧密结合起来,理论联系实际,对一些县域经济发展和提高竞争力提出了发展战略;对有些县域主导产业的选择,如何以市场配置资源、调整农村产业结构、开发利用农业资源提出了自己的思路与见解。主要著作有:《中国农村完善双层经营体制研究》(个人专著,西南交通大学出版社,1992年)、《中国农村发展社会主义现代商品经济研究》(作为第一作者的专…     

关于农村经营体制创新的理论思考

‘制度”是用于制约和规范行为活动的体制、规章、程序和方法等的统称，新制度经济学给人们分析经济社会问题提供了一个全新的视角。中国农村经济正处在人世考验和国民经济现代化的关键时刻，从新制度经济学中汲取营养，探索促进农村经济发展、推动我国农村快速实现全面小康的新型的农村经营体制，成为目前我国农村经济理论和政策研究的重点课题。     

二元经济结构转换与城乡资本配置效率关系实证分析

本文在对中国城乡二元经济结构与城乡资本配置效率关系进行理论分析的基础上,测度了1981~2012年间中国城乡二元经济结构强度,运用城乡资本边际生产率差异分析了城乡资本配置情况及其变化趋势,并分阶段考察了两者之间的相关关系。研究发现,中国城乡二元经济结构强度在30年间呈现出弱化的趋势,而城乡资本边际生产率在样本期内呈波动变化;1981~2003年,二元经济结构转换对城乡资本配置效率的改善作用并不明显,资本存在从边际生产率高的农村地区向边际生产率低的城市地区非逐利流动的现象;2003年以后,二元经济结构转换促进了城乡资本配置效率的提高,城乡资本边际生产率差异缩小,给农村资本回流带来了显著的正效应,中国进入"以工补农、以城带乡"的新阶段。     

交通运输与区域经济发展

随着中国经济的快速发展,以及经济学理论研究的进步,区域经济发展研究变得日益重要起来.从当前理论界的研究来看,关于两者之间关系的研究主要存在三种认识.在笔者看来,交通运输与区域经济的关系可以概括为吸收和辐射两种模式.我们要正确把握交通运输和区域经济发展的关系.使得两者互动发展.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.